新疆东准双泉地区与韧-脆性剪切带有关的金矿成矿

[摘要]区域成矿背景分析表明,东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区韧-脆性剪切带形成于陆-陆碰撞体制, 在330 ~265Ma 期间,受挤压伸展体制转换影响,先后经历了韧、脆性构造变形。对与韧-脆性剪切带有 关的金矿石英流体包裹体研究发现,包裹体以气液相为主,均一温度集中在160 ~ 240益,成矿流体盐度 为3. 55 ~4. 5wt%NaCl。成矿流体的氢、氧同位素组成表明成矿流体的水为变质成因水。金属硫化物硫 同位素啄34 S 值为3. 54 ~10. 68译,显然属于混染硫。黄铁矿包裹体氦氩同位素3 He/ 4 He 值为0. 18 ~2. 18 Ra,属幔壳混源。成矿年代学研究表明,双泉金矿成矿时代及控矿构造脆性变形时间为(269依9) Ma ~ (260依4)Ma,金初始富集时间在310Ma 前后,并得到含矿花岗斑岩U-Pb 同位素年龄的支持,该事件在 东准地区均有同位素年龄记录,是区域性的构造岩浆成矿流体热事件。上述资料表明,金矿成矿过程、 成矿流体性质等在时间、空间上严格受韧-脆性剪切构造变形带控制。     

长江中下游庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区深部结构与成矿作用

为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构,探讨成矿深部控制条件,作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(150km,记录30s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面(20km),以及平行剖面的大地电磁、高精度重磁剖面,揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构和电磁结构,同时开展区域构造测量和火山岩年代学研究,获得了新的认识。证实"耳状"的庐-枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东侧发育的非对称火山盆地,排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂,倾向南东,是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道,在中地壳形成岩浆房(反射亮斑);鉴别出多层界面,火山岩-侏罗系厚度约4～5km(其中火山岩厚度约3km),三叠系-震旦系变形层底界深度大致18～20km,变质基底组成中下地壳,MOHO平缓向北西倾,深度33～31km;追踪郯-庐断裂带的深部产状,陡立延伸到MOHO,宽约10km。从而揭示了早白垩系(132～127Ma)庐-枞火山岩矿集区深部过程与成矿、控矿作用。     

长江中下游池州地区矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿床流体包裹体与H、O、S同位素研究

长江中下游池州地区区域构造上处于下扬子坳陷与江南古陆之间的过渡带上,近年来该区域内以钨钼为主的多金属矿床勘探方面取得了很大突破,鸡头山矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿、马头斑岩型Mo矿和百丈岩矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿是其中的三个代表性矿床。在鸡头山矿区和百丈岩矿区钨钼主要赋存于矽卡岩体中,已有工程探明二者的深部都有斑岩型矿体存在;在马头矿区钼主要以含钼石英脉和辉钼矿细脉的形式赋存于近接触带岩体与围岩中。流体包裹体研究表明,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的流体包裹体以水溶液包裹体(L+V)为主,同时发育含子矿物包裹体(L+V+S)和CO2包裹体(L+LCO2+VCO2)。成矿流体演化分为三个阶段:早阶段温度在350～500℃之间,深度约为1.5～2.5km,初始流体盐度为17%～25%NaCleqv,流体富H2O-CO2-CH4等气体,流体发生沸腾作用分离出高盐度流体和富气相低盐度流体;中阶段温度在170～360℃之间,深度约为0.5～1.7km,盐度为2%～24%NaCleqv,富H2O-CO2-CH4-H2S等气体,流体混合作用使得大量钨、钼、铅、锌等金属沉淀成矿;晚阶段温度在100～160℃之间,深度在约0.6km以下,盐度范围为1%～10%NaCleqv,与成矿作用无关。含矿石英脉H-O同位素和硫化物S同位素共同指示,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的成矿流体来自岩浆水、大气水和建造水的混合,流体混合是区域钨-钼-铅-锌成矿的主要机制。     

充气欠平衡钻井液技术在DP4井水平段的应用

DP4井是中石化华北分公司在鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田布置的一口充气欠平衡水平井,该井目的层为盒1段,地层压系数较低,压力系数范围0．83—0．99（平均0．93）,为了有效保护气层,DP4井水平段全过程采用了充气欠平衡钻井工艺技术。欠平衡钻井工艺采用充气钻井液技术,通过该工艺在DP4井的实施,在盒1气层保护上取得较大成功。主要介绍了充气欠平衡钻井液技术的技术工艺、实施过程和现场实施情况,并对充气欠平衡钻井液技术在该井实施效果进行了分析评价。     

钠土泥浆在构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中的应用

应用钠土泥浆,解决了锡坑矿区复杂地层钻进中运用其它措施难以解决的塌、漏、掉等问题,保证了后续施工的钻孔质量,提高了钻进效率和经济效益。通过钠土泥浆与钙土泥浆及其它无固相冲洗液类比分析,得出了钠土泥浆在该矿区取得好成效的机理。针对赣南构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中存在的问题,借鉴锡坑矿区的成功经验,提出应重视对钠土泥浆的研究和应用的建议。     

松辽盆地北部中浅层含油饱和度和孔隙度的关系与油气侵位对成岩作用的抑制

为了研究油气侵位对松辽盆地中浅层成岩作用和孔隙度衰减的抑制作用,本文系统的统计和分析了该盆地大量的孔隙度和含油饱和度岩芯分析数据。结果表明,所有探井储层的孔隙度与含油饱和度之间均呈正相关关系,储层含油饱和度越高,孔隙度越大,而且中部含油组合中萨尔图油层、葡萄花油层和高台子油层二者的相关性好于下部含油组合中扶余油层和杨大城子油层的相关性。由此可见,油气注入储层之后,可以有效地抑制储层的成岩作用,保护孔隙,而且油气注入越早,越有利于孔隙的保护。     

661铀矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体来源探讨

本文利用显微测温学和激光喇曼光谱方法,研究了661铀矿床与铀成矿作用有关的脉石矿物(萤石、石英和方解石)中的流体包裹体。结果表明,成矿早期脉石矿物中的流体包裹体均一温度为130~250℃,盐度为1.65%~3.44%(NaCl),密度为0.81~1.01 g/cm3;成矿晚期流体包裹体的均一温度为95~150℃,盐度为1.48%~1.64%(NaCl),密度为0.88~0.96g/cm3。这些资料揭示出该矿床的成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、中等密度热液。激光喇曼光谱气相成分分析主要为H2O,未见其他气体成分。明显不同于岩浆热液矿床中的包裹体特征及其成矿流体的性质,结合该矿床成矿地质特征、氧同位素及区域铀矿床成矿物化条件等资料,进一步分析推断成矿流体的水可能主要来自大气降水。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

Hydrothermal Alteration Related to Silver Mineralization at the Iwami Silver Deposit,Shimane Prefecture,Japan

The Iwami epithermal silver deposit consists of Ag-Cu veins in a dacitic intrusive body at the deep portion of the Eikyu area, and veinlets with disseminated Ag mineralization in dacitic tuff breccia at a shallow portion of the Fukuishi area. Hydrothermal alteration associated with the silver mineralization is characterized by intense potassium metasomatism with oxidizing conditions. An illite zone occurs around the pathways of uprising fluids in both the Eikyu and Fukuishi areas. It grades laterally into the illite/smectite zone, which is surrounded by a broad smectite zone. Because of boiling, abundant adularia associated with silver mineralization overlaps on the altered tuff breccia in the Fukuishi area. The alteration zoning suggests that the western Eikyu area and the eastern Fukuishi area belong to a single hydrothermal system. The data of fluid inclusion microthermometry indicate that the temperatures range 220–270°C, and salinities range 5–7 wt percent NaCl equivalent for the silver mineralization at the upper portion in the Eikyu area and the lower portion in the Fukuishi area. Radiometric ages for volcanic rocks in the area range from 2.19 to 1.64 Ma, and the dacitic intrusion formed at approximately 1.6 Ma. The silver-dominant mineralizing hydrothermal fluids system was active around 1.44 to 1.07 Ma, which formed the Eikyu Ag-Cu veins at depth, and the Fukuishi Ag ores at the shallower portion.     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型.黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093-2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低.Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197.据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液.成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关.而并非正常沉积的产物.S/Se比值为950.8-1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高.由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因.关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义.