中国东中西部城市土地储备决策绩效比较研究

运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,对2013年中国内地34个大中城市土地储备决策绩效进行总体评价和比较分析。研究结果表明:东部地区城市土地储备决策效率最高,西部次之,中部最低;土地储备决策效率受到纯技术效率和规模效率的共同作用,且规模效率作用较大;影响东中西部城市土地储备决策效率投入产出的主要因素各不相同。基于此,从深化土地及相关制度改革和提升政府管理效率两个层面提出土地储备决策绩效优化策略,从而提高土地资源利用效率、优化城市空间结构。     

Effect of gravity framing on the overstrength and collapse capacity of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames

This paper investigates the effect of the gravity framing system on the overstrength and collapse risk of steel frame buildings with perimeter special moment frames (SMFs) designed in North America. A nonlinear analytical model that simulates the pinched hysteretic response of typical shear tab connections is calibrated with past experimental data. The proposed modeling approach is implemented into nonlinear analytical models of archetype steel buildings with different heights. It is found that when the gravity framing is considered as part of the analytical model, the overall base shear strength of steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs could be 50% larger than that of the bare SMFs. This is attributed to the gravity framing as well as the composite action provided by the concrete slab. The same analytical models (i) achieve a static overstrength factor, Ω_s larger than 3.0 and (ii) pass the collapse risk evaluation criteria by FEMA P695 regardless of the assigned total system uncertainty. However, when more precise collapse metrics are considered for collapse risk assessment of steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs, a tolerable probability of collapse is only achieved in a return period of 50 years when the perimeter SMFs of mid‐rise steel buildings are designed with a strong‐column/weak‐beam ratio larger than 1.5. The concept of the dynamic overstrength, Ω_d is introduced that captures the inelastic force redistribution due to dynamic loading. Steel frame buildings with perimeter SMFs achieve a Ω_d > 3 regardless if the gravity framing is considered as part of the nonlinear analytical model representation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层序的测井、地震响应特征研究

在层序地层学研究中,关键是层序划分和对比。而层序划分、对比的关键是层序识别。层序的识别包括层序界面(层序的底界面、初始海泛面和最大海泛面)的识别和构成层序的体系域识别。这里,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,详细研究了层序的测井、地震响应特征,即层序界面和体系域在测井曲线上和地震剖面上的特征。其中,层序底界面在测井上表现为突变的钟型、箱型或侧积式曲线的底界;在地震剖面上表现为剥蚀、顶超、上超、下超;而体系域在测井曲线上的响应为:低水位体系域的海底扇以漏斗形中、高幅的前积式,或钟型中、低幅的后积式模式为特征,陆坡扇成钟型、正向齿形,自下而上幅度由中高幅→低幅,即具后积式测井模式,低水位楔的测井曲线表现为旋回性进积模式特征,其特征表现为锯齿状箱型。海侵体系域的测井曲线呈现向上变细、变深序列,并表现为钟型、正向齿形或齿化状,幅度由高幅变化为低幅,包络线具后积式特征。高水位体系域相应的测井曲线呈现中幅箱形或桶形,不同体系域在地震剖面上的响应特征明显不同。     

关于推行岩土工程专业体制的思考与实例

岩土工程专业体制的核心内涵,是强调岩土工程勘查,设计,施工,监测,监理５个环节的整体和统一性。岩土工程师,不仅要为建设工程设计提供地质资料,而且还要积极参与或争取主持整个岩土工程项目的设计与施工,本文以实例阐明了其可能性与必要性。     

潮汐沉积体系中的古潮汐信号——以豫西元古界鲁山剖面为例

作为古潮汐研究窗口的现代潮汐沉积体系,其研究的不断深入为古地层序列中潮汐沉积环境的重建提供了重要的理论基础与识别依据。潮汐体系的不同分类与潮坪环境的异样分带,为多样的潮汐信号提供了独特的沉积环境;现代潮汐体系中的微生物研究不断扩展生物成因古潮汐信号的涵盖范畴,物理成因潮汐信号的丰硕成果为古沉积环境重建奠定了坚实基础。结合潮汐沉积体系中古潮汐信号的新进展,分析了豫西元古界鲁山剖面的沉积特征,旨为区域古环境重建提供借鉴意义。     

我国21世纪初海洋科学研究中的若干重要问题

海洋科学在20世纪后半叶得到迅速发展,海洋在人类可持续发展中的重要地位也日益为人们所认识。在21世纪初,我国所关注的海洋科学问题中有两方面特别重要,一是海洋在季节、年际、年代尺度的气候变变异中的作用;二是近海系统对自然变异、人类活动及全球变化的响应。在回顾20世纪对大洋环流和海洋生产力两者所取得进展的基础上,对我国在上述两方面应关注的科学问题作了简短的讨论。     

A fuzzy dynamic flood routing model for natural channels

A fuzzy dynamic flood routing model (FDFRM) for natural channels is presented, wherein the flood wave can be approximated to a monoclinal wave. This study is based on modification of an earlier published work by the same authors, where the nature of the wave was of gravity type. Momentum equation of the dynamic wave model is replaced by a fuzzy rule based model, while retaining the continuity equation in its complete form. Hence, the FDFRM gets rid of the assumptions associated with the momentum equation. Also, it overcomes the necessity of calculating friction slope (S_f) in flood routing and hence the associated uncertainties are eliminated. The fuzzy rule based model is developed on an equation for wave velocity, which is obtained in terms of discontinuities in the gradient of flow parameters. The channel reach is divided into a number of approximately uniform sub‐reaches. Training set required for development of the fuzzy rule based model for each sub‐reach is obtained from discharge‐area relationship at its mean section. For highly heterogeneous sub‐reaches, optimized fuzzy rule based models are obtained by means of a neuro‐fuzzy algorithm. For demonstration, the FDFRM is applied to flood routing problems in a fictitious channel with single uniform reach, in a fictitious channel with two uniform sub‐reaches and also in a natural channel with a number of approximately uniform sub‐reaches. It is observed that in cases of the fictitious channels, the FDFRM outputs match well with those of an implicit numerical model (INM), which solves the dynamic wave equations using an implicit numerical scheme. For the natural channel, the FDFRM outputs are comparable to those of the HEC‐RAS model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赣南西华山钨矿床成矿流体演化特征

赣南西华山钨矿床是一个闻名中外的大型石英脉型钨矿床。为探讨成矿流体性质以及演化过程,本文对西华山石英脉型钨矿床主成矿阶段含矿石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温学研究和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果显示,西华山钨矿床的流体包裹体以H2O-NaCl型为主,局部发育H2O-NaCl-CO2型。流体热焓-盐度图解表明成矿流体以混合作用为主,局部沸腾在热液系统演化中作用不大。通过对沸腾包裹体的测温数据进行计算,得出西华山脉型钨矿成矿压力约为27～87 MPa,矿床形成深度约为1.0～3.3 km。     

西藏尼玛县达查金矿床同位素地球化学研究

西藏达查金矿的成矿物质来源问题一直存在很大的争议。达查金矿床矿物中硫、铅、硅同位素及包裹体水中的氢、氧同位素研究表明 ,矿区内黑色炭质板岩、浸染状黄铁绢英岩化闪长玢岩和石英黄铁矿脉中的δ3 4SCDT值分布范围为 1 1‰～ 1 6‰ ,平均为 1 4‰ ,与陨石硫或深源岩浆硫接近。地层铅、岩浆岩铅和矿石铅在构造模式图上主要落在造山带线附近。石英包裹体的均一温度为 44 0 8～ 5 0 1 8℃ ,δDV -SMOW 值为 - 12 6‰～ - 98‰ ,δOV -SMOW 在 2 0 8‰～ 8 84‰之间 ,为典型的岩浆水 ;矿石中热液石英的硅同位素δ3 0 SiNBS -2 8　　　值的极差主要集中在 - 0 5‰～- 0 6‰之间 ,与成矿密切相关的硅质可能来源于基性或中基性岩浆岩。岩金矿的成矿物质可能有 3个主要的源区 :一是木嘎岗日群第二、三岩组 ,该岩组的海底热水沉积物含有大量的成矿物质 ;二是深部隐伏的原来特提斯海底的基性或中基性岩浆岩 ,它是金与硅的主要供给者 ;三是本区的中酸性岩浆岩 ,它是多种成矿物质最终集中成矿的主要中介。本区的成矿流体主要为受到大气降水或海水强烈改造的岩浆热液     

松辽盆地西部斜坡带油气运移示踪分析

利用天然气有机地球化学、油田水化学、原油中的有机物质及原油含氮化合物等油气运移示踪标志对松辽盆地西部斜坡带的油气运移路径进行了示踪分析,结果显示油气运移的主输导通道沿齐家古龙凹陷—新店—白音诺勒方向展布,之后分为两支,其一继续向西部的平洋方向运移,其二穿过阿拉新向北部的富拉尔基方向运移,而油气从齐家古龙凹陷穿过敖古拉—他拉哈断层直接向西部斜坡带的运移是非常局限的。该主输导通道同该区已发现的油气资源的匹配较完美。重点讨论了原油含氮化合物分析结果与其它示踪标志分析结果的差异及其产生的可能原因,指出对油气运移路径的分析应综合利用多种有机地球化学指标,而不应该过分依赖某一种或某两种示踪方法。