天山乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂多年冻土温度监测

乌鲁木齐河源冰达坂５号钻孔是天山山脉海拔最高的地温观测孔。１９９１－１９９５年监测结果表明,基层温度呈现明显的昼夜,季节和年际变化,其中２ｍ左右受山坡粗砾石中径流热扰动和降水热渗浸泊强烈影响,８－１０月平均地温在０℃附近振荡。     

Laboratory measurements of spatial fluctuation and attenuation of elastic waves by scattering due to random heterogeneities

To study the effects of strong scattering on elastic waves, spatial fluctuation and scattering attenuation ofP waves were examined by laboratory experiments for 2-D models of random media approximately characterized by a triangular correlation function in the range of 2<ka<33, wherek is the wave number anda is the correlation distance of the heterogeneities, i.e., the heterogeneity size. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Forka>10, both the intensity and the correlation distance of the amplitude fluctuation are approximate for any phase of theP-wave train. The correlation distance nearly agrees with the heterogeneity size. These fluctuation properties are quite consistent with the theoretical prediction by the forward-scattering approximation. (2) For 3<ka<6, the fluctuation intensity becomes stronger in later phases of theP-wave train. This shows that scattering is approximately isotropic, and therefore, the scattered energy increases with time within theP-wave train. The correlation distance of the amplitude fluctuation disagrees with the heterogeneity size, and it shows a frequency-dependent property decreasing from 7a to 4a with the increase ofka from 3 to 6. These properties for 3<ka<6 have not yet been predicted theoretically. (3) Forka<3, though the fluctuation is considerably smaller compared with that ofka>10 and 3<ka<6, the fluctuation property is considered similar to that of 3<ka<6. (4) The observed scattering attenuation,Q ^–1, increases withka forka<3, has a peak aroundka=35, and then decreases withka. (5) When _min = 15° and = 0.075, the theoreticalQ ^–1 curve, predicted by the approximate theory of Wu, roughly matches the observedQ ^–1 values, where _min is the minimum scattering angle measured from the propagation direction of theP waves and is the rms of fractional velocity fluctuation. This suggests that the energy scattered in the range of >15° is lost from theP waves, while the energy scattered in the range of <15° is retained; and that the approximate theory overestimates by about three times the value of the model media used owing to the neglect of multiple scattering. (6) When the size of velocity heterogeneities responsible for forward scattering at 3<ka<6 is estimated from the _min value of 15° on the basis of Wu's theory, it nearly agrees with the correlation distance for the initial phase of theP-wave train.     

崂山影剧院音质改善的声学设计

利用混响时间及其频率特性实测值,通过分析计算,在一些建筑条件限制下,采用恰当地声学处理措施,调整了混响时间及其频率特性,提出一种简便有效的方法。     

Characteristics of Water and Sediment Exchange Between Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Based on the 2-D flow and sediment numerical model of the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay, the characteristics of water and sediment exchange in their joint waters is studied through quantitative calculation and analysis of the characteristics of water flow and sediment transportation. The results show that there is periodical water and sediment exchange in this joint waters, that the net water exchange appears mainly between 0～6 m depth (theoretical datum plane, the same below) offshore and the maximum is near the depth of 2 m, and that the net sediment exchange mainly appears between 0～5 m depth and the maximum is near the depth of 3 m, indicating that the range of water flow passage is different from that of sediment transport from the Yangtze Estuary to the Hangzhou Bay. Combined with the results of numerical simulation, this paper also analyzes the hydrodynamical mechanism influencing water and sediment exchange between the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay, including tidal fluctuation, tidal current kinetic energy, tide-induced residual current and the trace of water particles. Finally, the sediment transportation passage on the Nanhui tidal flat is discussed, and the results show that sediment is transported into the Hangzhou Bay from the south side of Shipilei, while sediment is brought back to the South Channel of the Yangtze Estuary from the north side.     

高浊度原水的透光脉动性能研究

通过实验研究和理论分析 ,以流动高浊度原水为研究对象 ,考察了在不同絮凝剂搅拌速度、投药量和投药方式条件下 R值的变化规律 ,从而得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息 ,及时反映各种变化条件下的絮凝体特性。     

Influence of groundwater level fluctuation on lateral deformation of cantilever enclosure structure of pit-in-pit

Abstract

The research on the influence of groundwater level fluctuation on pit properties is a new subject in actual engineering, and the research on pit-in-pit has not been deeply studied. In this article, the finite element (FE) model of pit-in-pit is established based on FE method, and DISP subroutine is programmed to realize the fluctuation of groundwater level over time. The deformation characteristics of exterior enclosure structure under the condition of with or without groundwater level fluctuation are compared considering effect of different inner pit’s excavation locations, depths, sizes, and insertion ratios. The results show that the maximum lateral displacement of the pit exterior enclosure structure is inversely related to the pit toe coefficient and the insertion ratio, and is positively related to the depth ratio and the area ratio, and there is a critical value for the pit toe coefficient. Considering the fluctuation of the groundwater level, the lateral displacement of the cantilever enclosure structure is larger than that without considering the groundwater level fluctuation.     

梯级水电开发对大通河流域洪水过程的影响分析

应用大通河流域实测洪水资料和水利普查数据,定性和定量分析了梯级水电开发对流域洪水过程和洪水特征的影响,建立了梯级水电站数量与洪水涨落率、涨落频次的数学关系模型。结果表明:随着流域水电站数量的增多,洪水过程变化频繁,洪水涨落率增大,涨落频次增多;梯级水电开发使流域最大洪峰流量增大了19.7%~21.5%,最大洪峰传播时间减少了6.1%,而对次洪水总量的影响较小。研究水文过程受人类活动的影响规律,对加强流域水电站统一调度、水能水资源可持续利用和水生态文明建设具有十分重要的意义。     

正声速梯度浅海远程海面混响的平均强度

木文导出了具有随机起伏表面的正声速梯度浅海远程海面混响的平均强度的表达式.结果指出,远程海面混响的平均强度随距离的下降速度大于“一次方规律”下降的速度;当海面起伏所引起声传播的附加衰减可以忽略时,远程海面混响的平均强度随距离按“一次万规律”下降.文末,我们就一个具体例子作了数值计算.     

丘陵山区食物生产变化规律——以江西省为例

1978-2003年江西食物生产总量与食物生产要素保障度呈高度正相关（0．885），这表明江西食物生产总量受生产要素投入驱动，资源因子锐减是导致2000-2003年江西食物总量下降的主要原因。洪涝灾害面积、低温灾害面积、洪涝绝收面积和低温绝收面积是导致自然灾害的强驱动因子，干旱灾害面积、干旱绝收面积、风雹灾害面积和风雹绝收面积是导致自然灾害的次强驱动因子。灌溉面积、农业劳动力等食物生产要素的波动与同期食物生产波动具有显著关联性，其显著关联序为：灌溉面积波动〉总种植面积波动〉农业劳动力波动〉农业资金投入波动〉化肥用量波动。1978-2003年江西食物波动指数与全要素相对生产率（TFRP）的走势基本一致，表现为食物波动平稳或食物呈较大正波动时TFRP较高，生产要素配置合理；而食物呈较大负波动时TFRP往往偏低。