大陆岩石圈流变学研究

简单介绍了流变学的概念和两种基本研究方法,基于大陆岩石圈较大洋岩石圈有更为复杂的流变特征客观事实,指出研究大陆岩石圈流变学的重要性,并提出几个主要的研究方向和领域。     

On the shot-noise streamflow model and its applications

In this paper we consider the shot-noise model of streamflow series. We show how design discharge can be obtained by the stochastic intensity of thinned Poisson processes describing the peaks over a threshold. The main result concerns the stationary distribution of peaks. We derive an explicit expression for this limit distribution in terms of its Laplace transform. Approximation formulas are developed making use of the saddle point method for the asymptotic evaluation of contour integrals and the Post-Widder formula for inversion of Laplace transforms. We illustrate this methods on the case of Gamma-distributed shots. The stationary peak distribution is used to approximate the maximum value distribution for larger time intervals.     

澜沧—耿马地震主震参数

本文用下关地震台数字地震仪的主震加速度记录,结合澜沧——耿马地震的宏观考察资料,以波谱法为基础,分别计算了两个主震的运动学、静力学和动力学参数各18个。用以从微观地震学角度描述澜沧——耿马地震的两个主震。通过所求参数的分析对比,认为是澜沧主震触发了耿马主震。     

松潘地区岩金统计成矿予测中泛克立格法的应用

川西北地区是国内重要的岩金普查靶区。本文对松潘地区的地质特征,泛克立格法原理,及在本区的应用情况作了介绍,对主要计算步骤,给出基本结果,对计算获得的有意义异常区,进行地质解释,并将此方法与趋势面分析进行对比。     

Bed load transport during rising and falling stages on two small streams

Bed load transport rates were measured with continuously recording pit samplers on two small gravel-bed streams in the Goodwin Creek Research Watershed, northern Mississippi, U.S.A. When transport samples were grouped according to whether the stage was rising or falling, significant differences in mean bed load transport rates were found at nearly all flow strengths. At higher flow strengths, mean bed load transport rates were greater during rising stages than during falling stages. The greater transport rates measured during rising stages may be caused by a lag in the formation and destruction of bed roughness elements. One of the streams also showed evidence for greater transport rates for low flows as the stage declined. This may be caused by differences in the stability of the bed material at the beginning and at the end of a transport event.     

泥石流监测预警站的组建

泥石流监测预警站利用的是泥石流预警报系统,以便对泥石流进行监测后,作出泥石流预警报。泥石流预警报系统由三个子系统组成,这就是:1.暴雨类泥石流预报子系统;2.泥石流地声报警子系统;3.泥石流规模报警子系统。三个子系统分别用在泥石流监测预警站所属的雨量、地声、泥位三类泥石流监测点上。泥石流预警报系统由中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站在蒋家沟研制而成,1985年底通过鉴定,获1986年度中国科学院科学技术进步三等奖。     

泥石流颗粒级配倒置浅释

泥石流固体颗粒级配倒置,影响流速垂线分布、流态与冲击力,是一个十分重要的问题。本文根据力学及流变学对泥石流固体颗粒级配倒置进行了解释,对于泥石流运动机理的认识是有裨益的。     

苍山十八溪的水石流及其防治

云南省苍山十八溪发育十分典型的水石流,流动时表面为高含沙洪水,底部为粗相沙砾和巨石,固液两相离析为非均质两相流。流体具有很大的动能和冲击力,对富绕的苍洱平坝区造成危害。为了治灾除害,保护生态环境,本文对防治目的、治理目标、防治方针与方法,以及实施顺序、程序、方案、技术措施等问题作了阐述。     

高位滑坡的运动转化形式

高位滑坡剪出口高于坡脚,它一旦滑离滑坡发生区,运动可能转化成四种形式:1.崩塌:由滑体经分级解体滑过剪出口处依次向前倾倒而成;2.碎屑流动或3.碎屑滑动:由滑动块体经碎屑化而成;4.泥石流:在适当的细粒物质量和水体条件下生成的碎屑流动。