市场经济导向下肇庆地区土地资源合理开发利用

市场经济的基本模式，是以效率为特色，兼顾市场，政府和社会作用“三位一体”的模式，本文从这一角度出发，分析了肇庆地区在市场经济导向下，尤其在珠江三角洲市场的作用下区域土地资源的开发利用优势，在此基础上探讨了区域土地资源的开发利用原则，方向与途径，并提出相应的实施措施。     

The l:200,000-scale map of the near-surface mineral resources of the Federal Republic of Germany

For those who deal with aspects of regional planning that are affected by the extraction of near-surface mineral resources, a simple map that shows the distribution of these resources accompanied by explanatory notes is essential; a preliminary 1:1 million-scale map was published in 1982. The Geological Surveys of the Federal States of Germany, in conjunction with the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, are compiling a series of maps that will cover the country at a scale of 1:200,000. When completed by the end of the next decade, this set of maps will consist of 57 sheets, each of which will be accompanied by explanatory notes. By the end of 1995, 17 sheets had been published BGR reports on the status of a Federal mineral-resource mapping program.     

台湾“莫拉克”台风诱发山地灾害成因与启示

2009-07"莫拉克"台风在台湾岛内滞留大于40 h,受中央山脉地形以及西南季风的影响,形成"北部风强,南部雨大"的局面.本次降雨为台湾历年之冠,24 h降雨量1 825 mm,48 h雨量2 467 mm,逼近世界降雨极值.全台湾计有31个雨量站过程降雨量超过1 000 mm,23个雨量站超过1 500 mm, 15个雨量站超过2 000 mm,南部部分区域甚至出现6-10日累积降雨量超过其年降雨量情形.最大总雨量位于阿里山,2009-08-06-10累计雨量达2 884 mm.长时间持续强降雨,造成了大量的泥石流、堰塞湖、崩塌、滑坡、山洪等山地灾害.大量的崩塌、滑坡阻塞河道,形成了16处堰塞湖.这些灾害淤埋村镇,毁坏道路、桥梁、堤防、建筑、输电和通讯设施.由于道路交通受损,电力、通讯信号中断,使得许多村庄与外部隔绝,成为孤岛,救援设施与救援物资无法到达灾区,延缓救援进度.受灾较重的乡镇有高雄县甲仙乡、桃源乡、六龟乡、那玛夏乡、杉林乡,南投县鹿谷乡、信义乡、国姓乡,嘉义县阿里山乡、梅山乡、中埔乡,屏东县高树乡、三地门乡、春日乡,台南县南化乡,台东县金峰乡等.截至2009-08,造成全台共619人死亡、肢体74件、76人失踪,其中小林村和新开部落被完全毁灭.台风暴雨、陡峻地形和丰富的松散固体物质等自然因素决定了山地灾害形成的基本因素,高强度长历时的暴雨是直接激发因素,坡地过度开发、道路建设、河道不合理利用等人为因素则加剧了灾情.莫拉克台风暴雨灾害对人们的启示是合理确定开发度,科学利用土地资源; 确保山区溪流行洪空间,把防洪需求作为河谷地开发的限制条件; 注意环境保育,尽量减少工程建设对斜坡的扰动; 提高山地灾害预警标准,建立巨灾监测预警机制;进行灾害风险分析与管理,开展有机结合资源利用与减灾防灾的流域理性开发.     

论海洋深度空间控制权——从海洋深度空间能源开发谈起

论文在提出海洋和“新海洋”广度、深度空间概念的基础上,进一步诠释了作为新的海洋权益的控制权,及其在未来政治、经济、外交、军事等领域的重要作用。由于海洋蕴藏着巨大的可再生能源,论文从能源开发利用的视角分析了开发利用海洋深度空间的重要战略意义,并对解决我国海洋争端,开发海洋新能源及综合践行海洋深度空间权战略提出了应对策略。     

南岗排旅游区文化资源开发研究

旅游文化是一种重要的旅游资源，是旅游区实现可持续发展的源泉。位于粤北连南瑶族自治县的南岗排是一个具有上千年历史的排瑶村落，至今仍保存着大量的明代与清代遗留下来的文物古迹。对于南岗排的旅游开发，应当积极发掘其丰富的旅游文化资源，并通过精心设计形成旅游产品。南岗排旅游区应以“排瑶村寨风情博物苑”为主题，重点发掘其排瑶民俗文化、宗教文化与历史文化。从文化氛围营造、专项文化开发、文化形象宣传3个方面对南岗排旅游区的文化资源开发做了探讨。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Boundary Control and Legal Priniciples . Curtis M. Brown , Walter G. Robillard and Donald A. Wilson . Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation . R. Peter Gillis and Thomas R. Roach . The Navajo Atlas: Resources, People, and History of the Dine Bikeyah . James M. Goodman . The City and the Sign . M. Gottdiener AND Alexandros Ph . Lagopoulos , EDS. The Comfortable House: North American Suburban Architecture 1890–1930 . Alan Gowans . Arabic-Islamic Cities. Building and Planning Principles . Besim Salim Hakim . Contemporary Climatology . Ann Henderson -Sellers and Peter J. Robinson . A Trace of Desert Waters . Samuel G. Houghton . Geography, Resources and Environment. Vol. 1: Selected Writings of Gilbert F. White. Vol. 2: Themes from the Work of Gilbert F. White . Robert W. Kates AND Ian Burton , ED. Spatial Dimensions of Unemployment and Underemployment (A Case Study of Rural Punjab) . Gopal Krishan . Maps of the Holy Land: Cartobibliography of Printed Maps, 1475–1900 . Compiled by Eran Laor , assisted by Shoshana Klein . The Geography of Third World Cities . Stella Lowder . A Perspective on U.S. Farm Problems and Agricultural Policy . Lance Mc Kinzie , Timothy G. Baker AND Wallace E. Tyner . Soil Erosion and Its Control. R.P.C . Morgan , ED Geopolitics . Patrick O'Sullivan . Landscape, Meanings and Values . Edmund C. Penning -Rowsell AND David Lowenthal , EDS.     

Perceptions of Local People on the Use of Nyabarongo River Wetland and Its Conservation in Rwanda

This research presents a case study on perceptions of local people on the use of Nyabrongo river wetland and its conservation in Rwanda. It critically examines the potential implications of a shift in wetland use and management practices for local people and presents empirical data from a household survey, group discussions, and observations from transect walks. Results showed that the change in the use and management regime of Nyabarongo river wetland poses substantial loss for local people in terms of provision of resources, income, and access to the wetland, so that the majority of the participants are not happy with the current use of the wetland. Research concluded that there should be participation of all stakeholders, including local people, during policy development in order to shift from command-and-control toward local stakeholder integration in decision making.     

Water quality modeling and sensitivity analysis using Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) in the Shenandoah River watershed

This study used the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) to simulate nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll-a dynamics in the Shenandoah River basin and performed an uncertainty analysis to examine the complexity of these variables in water quality estimation and their influence on the Shenandoah River. Significant progress has been made; however, nutrient loads emitted into the Shenandoah River from nonpoint sources remain high. Modeling of three points on the Shenandoah River in Virginia and West Virginia provides an ideal case study since the river is classified by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality as being impaired. The results of a sensitivity test show that model error decreases with increasing model complexity and sensitivity. The model predicted DO values that tended to be close to the measured data, while total nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be overemphasized. Our results examine the importance of temperature, stream flow, and velocity in influencing water quality between seasons and levels on the different sections of the watershed.     

洪水演进三维模拟仿真系统可视化研究

洪水演进仿真系统的研制，是实施“数字流域”工程的重要组成部分；结合洪水演进可视化目标的分析，基于Visual C 系统开发平台，融GIS技术和Opengl开发技术，采用三角形逼近、光滑处理和加入法向量以控制光照的方式，实现了流域地形及河床的三维可视化仿真；应用广度优先搜索算法确定了运动水体与流域河床形态的自适应与自相依的关系，使流域洪水演进模拟具有真实自然的可视化效果。所研制的系统雏形，可有效的模拟流域洪水的三维演进过程；     

水资源优化利用中两类数学模型间的分析比较

近期全球气候变化及人类经济活动规模的扩大，对人类赖以生存的自然环境造成很大影响，其中维持生态平衡的主导因子之一──水资源时空分布的变化，引起了人们极大的关注。尤其是干旱地区水资源表现出的稀缺性，已严重影响到人们将来的生存和经济发展问题。针对这种情况，人们在开发和利用水资源的过程中，建立了各种模型，以期对水资源进行精确的定量化研究，达到对水资源优化利用和管理的目的。通过比较“连续寻优的优化模型”和“离散方案的多目标密切值模型”，分析其各自的原理和规化思想，对其各自的预测功能进行了讨论，进而说明了两类模型的应用范围。提出将两类模型加以综合，然后应用于同一研究地区、以期得到更为优良的结果，为研究地区的经济发展提供可靠的决策依据。