了解全新世的温度变化能为理解目前日益突出的全球变暖、评估未来全球气候变化给出重要的参考。在这项研究中,基于长江下游南漪湖沉积岩芯深度为0~450cm中161个样品的brGDGTs代用指标,对过去12.0ka的大气温度进行重建,以进一步深化对全新世温度变化的理解。发现湖泊周边土壤与湖泊沉积物brGDGTs分子组成存在显著差异:土壤以brGDGTs-Ⅰ系列为主,占到总比重的80%以上,计算得的MBT'5ME平均值为0.81;湖泊表层和柱状沉积物的brGDGTs分子组成更相似,其brGDGT-Ⅰ和brGDGT-Ⅱ分别为43%、48%和62%、35%,对应的MBT'5ME平均值分别为0.44和0.62,因此认为湖泊沉积物brGDGTs主要为自生来源,进而选用基于MBT'5ME的湖泊温度经验计算式进行古温度的重建。重建的南漪湖年均大气温度自12.0 ka B.P.以来变化范围为13.8~22.4℃,根据变化趋势,可以分为4个阶段:①阶段,早全新世(约12.0~8.2 ka B.P.),温度变化范围为15.1~20.6℃,属低温阶段;②阶段,中全新世(约8.2~6.0 ka B.P.),温度为16.8~20.0℃,为稳定高温阶段;③阶段,中晚全新世(约6.0~3.0 ka B.P.),温度为13.8~19.4℃,快速降温阶段;④阶段,晚全新世(约3.0 ka B.P.以来),温度在17.4~22.4℃,快速升温阶段。通过对比其他古气候记录,可以得到以下结论:长江下游地区在约12.0~8.2 ka B.P.时期温度变化主要受高纬度冰川残留的影响,为低温时期;在约8.2~6.0 ka B.P.时期的温度变化主要受到较强的太阳辐射量控制,属稳定高温期,对应全新世大暖期;约6.0 ka B.P.后,温度受到6.0~3.0 ka B.P.中低纬度冷事件以及上升温室气体辐射强迫共同影响,呈现先降后升的"V"型变化趋势。本研究表明长江下游地区自12.0 ka B.P.以来温度变化主要受全球温度变化控制,自晚全新世以来温室气体辐射强迫是影响其温度变化的主要因素。
The Woniusi flood basalts from the Baoshan terrane, SW China, represent a significant eruption of volcanic rocks which were linked to the Late Paleozoic rifting of the Cimmeria from the northern margin of East Gondwana. However, the precise mechanism for the formation and propagation of the rifting is still in debate. Here we report 40 Ar/39 Ar dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes for the Woniusi basalts from the Baoshan terrane of SW China, with the aim o... 相似文献
The Early Cretaceous (∼135–131 Ma) Paraná-Etendeka continental flood basalts, preserved in bulk in the Paraná basin of southern Brazil and vicinity, have been divided into low-Ti and high-Ti types that govern the southern and northern halves of the basin, respectively. We have examined a new sample set from the southern margin of the northern high-Ti segment of Paraná basalts in Misiones, northeastern Argentina. These basalts are strongly to moderately enriched in TiO2 (2–4 wt.%), have relatively high Ti/Y (300–500), low MgO (3.5–6.5 wt.%), and high Fe (FeO(tot) 12–14 wt.%) and belong to the Pitanga and Paranapanema magma types of Peate et al. (1992). Nd and Sr isotope compositions are quite unvarying with εNd (at 133 Ma) values of −4.6 to −3.6 and initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7054–0.7059 and show no variation with fractionation. Compared to high-Ti lavas in the central and northern parts of the Paraná high-Ti basalt segment, the lavas from Misiones are similar to those in the northeastern magin of the basin but less radiogenic in initial Nd isotope composition than those in the central part. This variation probably reflects mixed EM1-EM2 source components in the sublithospheric mantle. A polybaric melt model of a sublithospheric mantle source at the garnet lherzolite-spinel lherzolite transition is compatible with the observed Ti budget of the Pitanga and Paranapanema lavas, regardless of the Nd isotope composition of their purported source. 相似文献
The franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is endemic to the coastal waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean and the most endangered dolphin in the area. Four Franciscana Management Areas (FMAs) are currently recognised; however, results of genetic studies suggest the requirement for additional FMAs and highlight the need for more detailed studies in the southern extreme of the species distribution. With this aim, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of the species analysing an mtDNA control region fragment (434?bp) in 44 individuals collected in four sampling sites located in Southern Buenos Aires. Haplotype diversity (H?=?0.75?±?0.05) was mostly higher than the observed in endangered or near threatened odontocetes. Population structure analyses suggest that three different genetic populations should be recognised within FMA IV: Northern, Eastern and Southern Buenos Aires. Altogether, these results should be taken into account in future conservation plans for the species. 相似文献
This paper considers the active vibration control of cables and cable/structure systems with an active tendon controlling the axial displacement of the cable anchor point. It is demonstrated that a force feedback based on a collocated force sensor measuring the tension in the cable is feasible and that this control configuration can be associated with control laws with guaranteed stability properties. Experimental results are presented on a cable with small sag and on a cable/structure system. They show that the control algorithm can provide the structure with several percent of active damping and that the parametric resonance does not occur when the natural frequency of the structure is twice that of the cable. 相似文献
1 Introduction The annual mean world temperature increased by about 0.6℃ from the late 1800s to the 1980s (Wang, 1994). The global environmental change is marked with “global warming” and its possible effects on the ecosystem as well as the production … 相似文献