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71.
This paper describes a low-cost device for measuring the three-dimensional morphology of a gully headwall. The device was designed to operate in a gully system with the following characteristics: overhanging banks caused by a thick, dense root mat; retreat of the underlying unconsolidated sediments through small slab failures, leading to a considerable variation in retreat rate at each point on the headwall; and changes in the orientation of the headwall owing to changes in sediment properties and the topographical and hydrological controls of gully growth. The device is used to measure a series of closely spaced vertical profiles of the headwall, and the collected data are combined to draw a contour map showing the distance from the plane of the instrument to the headwall. Comparing maps for sequential times enables retreat rates for the diffferent proportions of the headwall to be quantified. 相似文献
72.
Numerical simulations of a highway bridge structure employing passive negative stiffness device for seismic protection
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Navid Attary Michael Symans Satish Nagarajaiah Andrei M. Reinhorn Michael C. Constantinou Apostolos A. Sarlis Dharma T. R. Pasala Douglas Taylor 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(6):973-995
A new passive seismic response control device has been developed, fabricated, and tested by the authors and shown to be capable of producing negative stiffness via a purely mechanical mechanism, thus representing a new generation of seismic protection devices. Although the concept of negative stiffness may appear to be a reversal on the desired relationship between the force and displacement in structures (the desired relationship being that the product of restoring force and displacement is nonnegative), when implemented in parallel with a structure having positive stiffness, the combined system appears to have substantially reduced stiffness while remaining stable. Thus, there is an ‘apparent weakening and softening’ of the structure that results in reduced forces and increased displacements (where the weakening and softening is of a non‐damaging nature in that it occurs in a seismic protection device rather than within the structural framing system). Any excessive displacement response can then be limited by incorporating a damping device in parallel with the negative stiffness device. The combination of negative stiffness and passive damping provides a large degree of control over the expected performance of the structure. In this paper, a numerical study is presented on the performance of a seismically isolated highway bridge model that is subjected to various strong earthquake ground motions. The Negative Stiffness Devices (NSDs) are described along with their hysteretic behavior as obtained from a series of cyclic tests wherein the tests were conducted using a modified design of the NSDs (modified for testing within the bridge model). Using the results from the cyclic tests, numerical simulations of the seismic response of the isolated bridge model were conducted for various configurations (with/without negative stiffness devices and/or viscous dampers). The results demonstrate that the addition of negative stiffness devices reduces the base shear substantially, while the deck displacement is limited to acceptable values. This assessment was conducted as part of a NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) project which included shaking table tests of a quarter‐scale highway bridge model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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在移动互联网蓬勃发展的信息技术背景下,我国防震减灾科普教育存在若干问题,如忽视受众的"数字化"特征,基于智能终端的宣传材料不足;宣传手段不能满足移动互联网时代信息化要求;宣传内容不够生动等,因此提出防震减灾科普知识泛在化宣传新模式,并根据泛在化宣传模式的特征,设计开发基于iOS系统的泛在化宣传资源,为防震减灾宣传工作提供基于移动设备的数字化资源支持。该研究对移动互联网时代地震科普宣传作了新的探讨与尝试,对于当前及未来全民普及防震减灾科学知识有积极的促进作用。 相似文献
75.
In order to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolite and sericite-quartz schist under confi ning pressure, two rocks are subjected to impact loadings with different strain rates and confi ning pressures by using split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment with a confi ning pressure device. Based on the experimental results, the stress-strain curves are analyzed and the effects of confi ning pressure and strain rates on the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and failure mode are summarized. The results show that:(1) The characteristics of two rocks in the ascent stage of the stressstrain curve are basically the same, but in the descent stage, the rocks gradually show plastic deformation characteristics as the confi ning pressure increases.(2) The dynamic compressive strength and peak strain of two rocks increase as the strain rate increases and the confi ning pressure effects are obvious.(3) Due to the effect of confi ning pressure, the normal stress on the damage surface of the rock increases correspondingly, the bearing capacity of the crack friction exceeds the material cohesion and the slippage of the fractured rock is controlled, which all lead to the compression and shear failure mode of rock. The theoretical analysis and experimental methods to study the dynamic failure mode and other related characteristics of rock are useful in developing standards for engineering practice. 相似文献
76.
针对目前相关的三轴渗流试验装置缺乏高压水及负压加载功能而不能对高压水及负压加载状态下煤样瓦斯渗流规律进行研究这一问题,研制出了煤样试件出口负压可调并可对其进行高压水加载的新型三轴应力渗流试验装置。该装置主要由三轴应力加载系统、气体渗透系统、水力压裂控制系统、气体流量测试系统、传感与控制系统5部分组成,能够进行高压水及负压载荷下的各种单轴与三轴渗流试验。研究表明,该装置能够模拟抽采钻孔负压状态下煤体内的瓦斯运移规律及考察高压水对煤体的压裂效果,在实验室能完成对煤体试样负压状态下的渗流规律研究以及试件采取水力压裂措施后的增透效果考察。 相似文献
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针对心内复杂结构,本文结合三维虚拟内窥镜技术和二维常规观测截面功能,开发了双源CT心脏图像的显示系统。用户可以在本系统内以自动和交互式的两种方式观测心内结构。自动方式,对造影剂增强的数据部分进行基于欧式距离的三维骨架化得到规划路径,光线投射法根据已算出的欧式跳过空白区域,减少了绘制计算量;交互方式,用户可以随时从内窥镜视角切换到当前视点所在的任意截面,便于进行二维和三维的结构和病理综合分析。而且,本系统根据规划路径自动检测标准四腔切面,改善临床检查的效率。本系统采用基于CUDA的体绘制技术有效实现了对心内解剖结构更加直观的观测,便于心脏疾病的诊断和治疗。 相似文献
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根据中铝洛阳铝矿实际情况,结合放矿力学理论、室内相似试验和离散元数值模拟技术,从宏观和微观两方面深入地研究了矿仓放矿机制以及影响矿石流动性的主要因素。颗粒流数值模拟再现了放矿过程中矿石颗粒间以及颗粒与仓壁间相互作用力的动态变化过程。根据研究结果,设计了一种全新的仓内悬垂式振动助流器,并进行了现场试验,取得了很好的助流效果。它不但很好地改善了矿石流动性,解决了困扰洛阳铝矿几十年的矿仓堵塞、卡斗、起拱问题,优化了矿石和仓壁间的力学关系,减小了仓壁所受的动态接触压力,而且也大幅提高了矿仓放矿效率及生产安全系数,降低了工人的劳动强度。 相似文献