基于MapReduce的网格化优化CURE算法的实现

针对CURE算法处理大量数据时聚类速度较慢的问题,一方面采用网格聚类方法对初始聚类对象进行网格预聚类处理,缩短初始化族聚类时间;另一方面采用MapReduce框架对算法进行并行性扩展,使其能够充分利用集群的计算和存储能力,从而加速海量数据的处理。以联合程序开发网站的数据集和MATLAB人工数据集作为测试数据集,对改进算法Grid-CURE进行实验分析。实验结果表明:方法可有效提升处理大数据的效率以及提升其抗噪声能力。     

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中国地质调查信息网格平台构建和地质图 数据服务的实现

对组成中国地质调查信息网格平台的结点计算池的构架、机制和组成结点计算池的资源聚合器、元服务、智能服务引擎的概念进行了阐述,提出了结点自治的方案;基于资源共享、虚拟化、Web服务等创建了基于元数据服务、栅格流服务、矢量地图服务、三维可视化服务等多模式的地质图数据服务。目前已初步构建了中国地质调查信息网格,连通10个结点 ,为地质图空间信息共享和应用提供一种全新的技术解决方案,取得了良好的实际运行效果。     

方格网布孔法注浆设计在底板改造中的应用

为了安全回采受底板承压水害威胁的采煤工作面,可采取注浆改造的防治水方法,而注浆改造设计是注浆改造的基础和前提。由于传统设计方法较为繁琐且效率较低,本次研究,首先对方格网布孔法的设计原理与基本思路进行了介绍,然后以新桥煤矿北二采区2207工作面为例,对根据工作面大小和底板水文地质情况设计方格网,输入基本参数,得出需要施工的钻孔参数,并根据物探资料及实际揭露的底板灰岩岩溶裂隙发育情况的变化,及时调整钻孔数量与位置进行了详细说明。应用效果表明,该方法具有设计简便,钻孔布置均匀,重点突出,清除了设计盲区,底板注浆改造效果好的特点,是一种操作简便、安全高效的注浆设计方法。     

Tidally averaged circulation in Puget Sound sub-basins: Comparison of historical data,analytical model,and numerical model

Through extensive field data collection and analysis efforts conducted since the 1950s, researchers have established an understanding of the characteristic features of circulation in Puget Sound. The pattern ranges from the classic fjordal behavior in some basins, with shallow brackish outflow and compensating inflow immediately below, to the typical two-layer flow observed in many partially mixed estuaries with saline inflow at depth. An attempt at reproducing this behavior by fitting an analytical formulation to past data is presented, followed by the application of a three-dimensional circulation and transport numerical model. The analytical treatment helped identify key physical processes and parameters, but quickly reconfirmed that response is complex and would require site-specific parameterization to include effects of sills and interconnected basins. The numerical model of Puget Sound, developed using unstructured-grid finite volume method, allowed resolution of the sub-basin geometric features, including presence of major islands, and site-specific strong advective vertical mixing created by bathymetry and multiple sills. The model was calibrated using available recent short-term oceanographic time series data sets from different parts of the Puget Sound basin. The results are compared against 1) recent velocity and salinity data collected in Puget Sound from 2006 and 2) a composite data set from previously analyzed historical records, mostly from the 1970s. The results highlight the ability of the model to reproduce velocity and salinity profile characteristics, their variations among Puget Sound sub-basins, and tidally averaged circulation. Sensitivity of residual circulation to variations in freshwater inflow and resulting salinity gradient in fjordal sub-basins of Puget Sound is examined.     

A two dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for dam break based on finite volume method with quadtree grid

This study aims to develop a robust, accurate and computationally efficient hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for dam break flows. The two dimensional shallow water equations are resolved based on the finite volume method with an unstructured quadtree mesh. The sediment transport and bed evolution modules are coupled with hydrodynamic module to predict simultaneously the hydrodynamics, sediment concentrations and morphological changes. The interface flux is computed by the HLL approximate Riemann solver with second order accuracy. The effects of pressure and gravity are included in source term in this model, which can simplify the computation and eliminate numerical imbalance between source and flux terms. For dam break flows occurring in complicated geometries, the quadtree rectangular mesh is used to refine the interesting area and important part. The model is first verified against results from laboratory experiments, existing numerical models and real life case. It is then used to simulate dam break flows over a mobile bed to investigate the bed evolution. The results are compared with experimental data and field data with good agreement. The method is simple, efficient, and conservative. It shows promise for handling hydrodynamic simulation and sediment transport for a wide range of dam break flows.     

基于CUBE算法的多波束测深数据自动处理研究

对CUBE算法自动处理多波束测深数据的模型建立、格网节点的多重估计和最优估值选取准则进行了详细介绍,深入分析了多重估计的实用性,并通过实测数据对该算法进行实现.利用了抗差Kalman滤波改进CUBE算法.通过模拟数据对改进的CUBE算法进行实验,验证了算法改进的必要性.     

球面格网系统特征分析及比较

球面格网系统是一种新型栅格数据模型。在全面检索和分析前人相关研究成果的基础上,将球面格网系统分成4种类型:基于经纬线划分的格网系统、基于正多面体划分的格网系统、基于Voronoi划分的格网系统和混合格网系统;并针对各种不同类型的格网,分析了同级格网单元的空间几何特征及不同级别格网之间的层次嵌套等特性。通过对比分析,给出不同格网系统的优缺点及其适用领域,认为不存在满足所有需求的通用的格网系统,相关应用只能针对具体情况,选用最适宜的格网系统。     

The impact of heterogeneity of land surface roughness length on estimation of turbulent flux in model

Based on preliminary theoretical analysis and numerical experiment, it is found that land surface heterogeneity plays an important role in the models turbulent flux calculation. In nearly neutral atmosphere conditions, variation coefficient of sub-scale roughness length, cell-average roughness, and reference height are main factors affecting the calculation of grid turbulent fluxes. The first factor has a determinant role on calculation deviation. The relative error generated by roughness heterogeneity could be more than 40% in some cases in certain areas (e.g., in vegetation-climate transition belt). Selecting a specific reference height may improve the calculation of turbulent flux. In stable or unstable atmosphere conditions, with sensible heat flux as an example, analysis shows that the discrepancy is correlated to the sub-grid distributions of mean wind velocity, potential temperature gradient between land surface and reference levels, and atmosphere stability near surface layer caused by the heterogeneity of land surface roughness. The calculation of turbulent flux is the most sensitive to stability in the above three factors. The above analysis shows that it is necessary to make a further consideration for the calculation deviation of the turbulent fluxes brought from land surface heterogeneity in the present numerical models.     

航空和高铁对中国城市创新能力的影响

交通运输是创新网络中人才流、资本流等知识与技术流动的物理空间承载,其对城市的创新能力影响已成为经济地理学的交叉前沿热点。论文基于2007—2018年中国城市尺度数据,以航空和高铁运输为例,构建交通运输对城市创新能力影响效应的理论框架,采用双向固定效应面板回归模型,实证检验航空和高铁对城市创新能力的多重异质性机制,并探讨了知识传播、资本积累、产业升级在交通运输与创新能力之间的中介效应。研究发现：① 航空和高铁建设均对城市创新能力有显著正向影响,高铁对城市的创新溢出效应约为航空的3倍。② 航空和高铁对不同类型城市的创新溢出效应存在显著异质性。城市等级异质性方面,航空和高铁对中心城市创新能力的正向影响强度高于非中心城市。人口规模异质性方面,航空对大、中城市创新能力提升有显著正向影响,对小城市有抑制作用;高铁运输则对不同人口规模城市的创新能力均有正向影响,呈现大城市>中等城市>小城市的态势。区域异质性方面,航空和高铁对东、中、西、东北地区的创新能力均有不同程度的提升作用,表现出显著的“马太效应”,东部地区优势地位凸显。③ 航空和高铁均可通过促进技术转移、风险资本配置、外商资本配置间接促使城市创新能力提升。此外,航空还能够通过促进产业升级间接促使城市创新能力提升。