江苏如东县小洋口地热田成因研究

地热资源按成因可分为对流型地热资源与传导型地热资源两大类。根据地热水的赋存介质差异,传导型地热资源又可分为松散岩类孔隙型、构造裂隙型及古构造面岩溶型3个亚类。小洋口地热田同时存在两种成因地热类型,深部断裂构造带地热水为对流型地热类型,其上部盐城组松散层中的地热水则是其伴生的传导型地热资源。其成因模式是,冷水沿金坛—如皋断裂在自身重力作用下下渗至4～5 km的深部并增温成为高温热水甚至蒸汽,由于密度的减小,其上浮返回浅部裂隙发育处并与其中温度相对较低的热水混合而降温,正由于温度和密度的变化为水的循环提供了动     

淮北矿区五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水富水性及径流特征

五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水是矿井主采煤层（10煤）的主要充水含水层。通过对矿区水文地质边界条件、地面抽水试验和井下放水试验的分析,认为矿区水文地质边界受制于周边的较大型隔阻水断层,从而形成了较封闭的地下水系统;太原组上段灰岩含水层的富水性在平面上具有不均一性,在垂向具有随着深度的增加,岩溶发育有减弱的趋势,基本上属弱富水含水层,仅在局部构造发育带为中等富水含水层。利用利用surfer软件,绘制出矿区太原组灰岩水位等值线图;从图上可以看出,矿区目前太原组含水层水位标高总体呈北高南低,中间高两边低的态势,并在井田西南部形成以水5孔及J5-1孔为中心的低水位区。该研究对目前矿井防治水工作具有重要的指导意义。     

吸水膨胀树脂的堵漏应用效果

在唐山丰南地区进行煤田钻探施工时,由于地层裂隙发育,漏水十分严重,给钻探工作带来了许多的困难,甚至造成钻孔坍塌等事故,导致无法进行正常的生产施工。以往多用水泥、惰性材料和有机化学材料等进行堵漏,但效果欠佳。本次施工根据地层漏水的情况及特性,选用了吸水膨胀树脂进行堵漏,依据吸水膨胀树脂的高膨胀率、高强度的特点,使用了灌注法和岩心管投送法综合进行堵漏。结果表明,使用吸水膨胀树脂进行堵漏后,地层裂隙被吸水膨胀树脂完全封堵,堵塞了冲洗液的漏失通道,效果非常理想,满足了正常施工钻进的要求。     

用GPS监测西安市南郊地壳形变

介绍了用GPS监测到的西安市南郊的地壳三维形变，并与1990年前后的传统测量结果相比较，分析了西安市的地壳形变特征。结果表明：西安市南郊地面沉降速率有所减慢，但水平形变显著。观测结果与颗粒位移模型(GDM)模拟的结果具有较好的一致性，说明导致地面形变的主要因素为过量抽取地下水。     

暴雨型滑坡降水入渗机理分析

暴雨能诱发大量的滑坡发生,在不同地区存在不同的临界降雨值,每当雨强大于该值时,滑坡就会大面积发生,这已经被多起滑坡事件证实。一般地,入渗理论认为,当雨强大于一定值时,入渗率是常量,过强的降水会转化为地表径流,这与雨强越大滑坡越易发生、群发性越强的观察结果不一致。在斜坡体上存在大量的裂隙,它们对降水入渗有着很大的贡献,应用有限单元法分别模拟了有裂隙和无裂隙时斜坡体内瞬态渗流场的变化,并用Bishop法对不同埋深滑动面的稳定性做了计算分析。模拟结果表明：考虑裂隙时的计算结果与宏观观察结果更一致,在评价降雨入渗对斜坡稳定性的影响时,一定要充分考虑裂隙的存在,只有雨强大于一个临界值时才会有充足的降水通过裂隙渗入到斜坡深部,裂隙的影响才显著地表现出来。     

3-D P-wave velocity structure of the crust beneath the Loess Plateau and surrounding regions of China

The crustal P-wave velocity structure beneath the Loess Plateau and surrounding regions, which is a transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the Huabei and Huanan Blocks of China, was tomographically imaged for the first time down to the depth of 80 km. The seismic sources comprised both local and regional earthquakes and the reconstruction was accomplished using a newly developed simultaneous inversion procedure, which solves for both the earthquake hypocentres and the 3-D velocity field. Special features of the procedure include a modified shortest path algorithm for the bent ray tracing, an analytic Jacobian matrix for solution updating, and a damped, minimum norm, constrained non-linear solver based on a CG approach. The velocity structure obtained is more complex than previously thought. The lateral velocity variations are consistent with the U-shaped seismic ring structure but the vertical variations along the Fenwei seismic belt are consistent with the mechanism of the Mountain-Basin generalized system formation. The velocity images of Loess Plateau, the transition zone may help to build a geodynamic mechanism for inland China, to explain the formation of ground fissures so prevalent in the Loess Plateau.     

豫北平原地裂缝发育影响因素初步分析

通过对豫北平原地裂缝调查,共发现地裂缝48处,部分裂缝在发生及发展过程中对房屋、道路、农田造成破坏和威胁。本文分析了豫北平原地裂缝的发育的时空规律,通过地裂缝和地层岩性、降水、地下水、活动构造、地面沉降、地震等各种影响因素进行了分析,认为本地区地裂缝的形成并非单一因素,而是多种因素共同作用发生。     

Partitioning of Holocene kinematics and interaction between the Theistareykir Fissure Swarm and the Husavik-Flatey Fault,North Iceland

Our research is aimed at contributing to the general understanding of how transform-rift junctions work, a topic that can be studied in exceptional detail in North Iceland, where the active transform Husavik-Flatey Fault (HFF) connects with the Gudfinnugja Fault (GF), the westernmost structure of the Theistareykir Fissure Swarm (TFS). We studied in the field: i) offsets along the easternmost HFF, ii) the geometry and kinematics of 649 faults and 1208 tension fractures in the TFS, iii) the interactions among all these structures. The HFF transtensional kinematics is compatible with the GF, which shows different offsets north and south of the junction between these two faults. We suggest the possible prolongation of the HFF beyond the junction, based on: i) the change in offsets and strikes of TFS normal faults, ii) the presence of en-échelon, NNW-SSE-striking normal faults and tension fractures with a slight right-lateral component, iii) the transition of some of the faults into tension fractures north of the prolongation of the HFF, and iv) the decrease in the cumulated offset of all the faults north of the HFF prolongation. We interpret these data as field evidence of the first stages of propagation of the HFF upward or across the TFS: This has clear implications for defining the potential rupture length of the HFF and, hence, for seismic hazard assessment.     

The analyses focusing on formation mechanism of Nanzhangzhuang ground fissure in Hengshui City,China

The paper focuses on the formation of Nanzhangzhuang ground fissure through emphatically analysing factors including the intersection fault dislocation, the deep ground-water over-exploitation together with the landform and lithology features. Features of the ground fissure are explained in detail after describing the geological setting in the study area. The paper also provides dynamic mode of the ground fissure formation via force analysis of the soil body unit at ground fissures. Conclusions can be drawn that the stress state of soil bodies changed with the activities of two intersection faults, namely Hengshui fault and Hubei fault. In addition, the stress fields control the development of ground fissure. The deep groundwater in Hengshui area dropped considerably in recent years, to be precise, the water elevation of deep groundwater dropped from -26 m to -94 m by 2010 at the centre of groundwater funnel. The over-exploitation of deep groundwater in Hengshui area enlarged the ground fissures. The data concerning shallow borehole show that the vertical lithology mainly consists of silt, silty clay and silty sandy soil, which all belong to the middle-compressed soil. The lateral extension of the soil bodies occur with pumping and tectonic creep, and the clay layers on both sides of the cracks can stay upright. Thus the ground fissure came visible.     

高层建筑基础大体积混凝土施工技术

通过厦门某大酒店综合大厦大体积混凝土施工实践,总结大体积混凝土施工技术,特别是对可能产生裂缝的控制,保证了大体积混凝土的施工质量。