量子退火反演的原理和实现

现有的非线性反演方法,大都存在着求解的局部收敛性和计算速度慢的问题. 在与模拟退火方法进行比较的基础上,本文研究了基于量子跃迁过程中量子隧道效应的量子退火反演算法. 数值试验结果表明,量子退火方法应用于地球物理反问题的求解是成功的,它适合于非线性、多极值的地球物理反演问题,与模拟退火反演相比,量子退火反演在退火收敛速度和避免陷入局部极小等方面有着一定的优势,该方法也适用于其他领域非线性最优化问题的求解,具有较强的普适性.     

利用改进模拟退火算法反演甘肃兰州地区地幔转换带导电模型

地磁测深一维反演可以获得地磁台站下方地球深部电导率结构.将改进模拟退火算法应用于地磁测深数据的反演,并将基于反演过程中的所有优质解进行统计分析得到的期望值作为模型最优解.地磁测深合成数据的一维反演测试结果表明:对于无噪声的理论数据,传统模拟退火算法可以恢复出真实的电导率剖面;存在噪声时,相较传统模拟退火算法,改进模拟退...     

多导体柱微波成像的连续编码遗传算法

提出一种能同时重建多个二维良导体目标外形轮廓的新方法——连续编码遗传算法．将目标的横截面轮廓近似表达为三角级数形式,由边界条件得到一积分方程组,在此基础上将成像问题转化为约束优化问题,级数的各项系数为待优化量．积分方程组为约束条件,目标函数定义为实际测量的散射场与反演过程中得到的散射场之间的相对误差函数．采用连续编码遗传算法求解,优化过程通过选择、交叉、变异等遗传操作的选代而实现,待优化目标函数进行线性变换并采用模拟退火原理确定目标后表达为适应度函数,采用联赛选择与比例选择相结合的选择机制和单点交叉方式,变异操作通过对基因施加微小随机扰动实现．上一代中适应度最高的个体直接保留．数值模拟反演实验验证了方法的有效性．与其他反演方法相比,本法具有简单、通用、鲁棒性强等特点．     

Confidence limits for fission-track dating

The effect of random error on age reliability is investigated with respect to the externaldetector method of fission-track dating. Obtaining confidence limits to age is shown to be equivalent to obtaining confidence limits for products and ratios of Poisson expectations. Attention is drawn to the relevant methodology for calculating exact confidence limits, and some simple approximations to these limits are suggested for use when the number of track counts is large.     

水质模型参数的非数值随机优化

以模拟退火算法为核心着重讨论了水质模型参数的非数值随机优化方法。实例分析表明,利用非数值随机优化方法(包括模拟退火算法和遗传算法)对水质模型参数进行估计,可以获得较为理想的结果。不同参数估计方法的比较进一步阐述了非数值随机优化方法在参数估计中的优点     

来自新疆皮山县克里阳剖面磷灰石裂变径迹记录的启迪——对塔里木地块现今向西昆仑山体俯冲的疑义

皮山县克里阳剖面是塔南坳陷带中—新生界发育最为完整、变形现象最具代表性的剖面。系统的磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,上白垩统—中新统砂岩样品的平均径迹年龄均大于相应的地层时代,样品的P(x2)大部分小于0.1%,说明不属于同组年龄。磷灰石单颗粒径迹年龄最大值为180～190Ma,最小年龄为10～20Ma,峰值年龄为80～90Ma和50～70Ma,磷灰石的平均径迹长度为(10.82±2.01)～(9.06±2.01)μm。径迹记录表明晚白垩世至中新世时期,沉积层的主体部分并未下沉到达磷灰石的退火带深度而导致早期径迹记录的全部消失。说明新生代时期,特别是新近纪以来,尽管西昆仑造山带存在强烈的热构造作用,山前坳陷带也发生了构造沉降,但并不存在塔里木地块向西昆仑山体的大规模的陆内俯冲作用,总体看塔南坳陷带的下插深度并未超过7km(磷灰石的退火带深度)。     

Lithofacies and eruption ages of Late Cretaceous caldera volcanoes in the Himeji–Yamasaki district, southwest Japan: Implications for ancient large-scale felsic arc volcanism

Abstract The Himeji–Yamasaki region in the Inner Zone of southwest Japan is underlain mainly by Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks called the Ikuno Group or the Hiromine and Aioi Groups. A new stratigraphic and geochronological study shows that the volcanic rocks in this area consist of 15 eroded caldera volcanoes between 82 and 65 Ma; they are, in order of decreasing age, the Hiromine, Hoden, Ibo, Okawachi, Seppikosan, Hayashida, Shinokubi, Fukusaki, Kurooyama, Ise, Fukadanigawa, Nagusayama, Matobayama, Yumesaki and Mineyama Formations. These calderas vary in diameter from 1 to 20 km and are bounded by steep unconformities; they coalesce and overlap each other. The individual caldera fills are composed mainly of single voluminous pyroclastic flow deposits, which are often interleaved with debris avalanche deposits and occasionally underlie lacustrine deposits. The intracaldera pyroclastic flow deposits are made up of massive, welded or non‐welded tuff breccia to lapilli tuff, and are characterized by their great thickness. The debris avalanche deposits are ill‐sorted breccia, generated by the collapse of the caldera wall toward the caldera floor during the pyroclastic‐flow eruption. The large calderas that are more than 10 km in diameter contain original values of approximately 100 km³ of intracaldera pyroclastic flow deposits. These large calderas are similar to the well‐known Valles‐type calderas in their dimensions, although it is uncertain whether their caldera floors are coherent plates or incoherent pieces. Conversely, the small calderas have diatreme‐like subsurface structures. The variety of the caldera volcanoes in this area is caused by the difference in the volume of caldera‐forming pyroclastic eruptions, as the large and small calderas coexisted. The caldera‐forming eruption rates in Late Cretaceous southwest Japan, including the studied area, were similar to those in late Cenozoic central Andes and northeast Honshu arc, Japan, but obviously smaller than those of late Cenozoic intracratonic caldera clusters in western North America and the Quaternary extensional volcanic arcs in Taupo, New Zealand. The widespread Late Cretaceous felsic igneous rocks in southwest Japan were generated by a long‐term accumulation of low‐rate granitic magmatism at the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate.     

First-order design of geodetic networks using the simulated annealing method

The general problem of the optimal design for a geodetic network subject to any extrinsic factors, namely the first-order design problem, can be dealt with as a numeric optimization problem. The classic theory of this problem and the optimization methods are revised. Then the innovative use of the simulated annealing method, which has been successfully applied in other fields, is presented for this classical geodetic problem. This method, belonging to iterative heuristic techniques in operational research, uses a thermodynamical analogy to crystalline networks to offer a solution that converges probabilistically to the global optimum. Basic formulation and some examples are studied.     

Optimal selection of number and location of rainfall gauges for areal rainfall estimation using geostatistics and simulated annealing

This paper presents a method for establishing an optimal network design for the estimation of areal averages of rainfall events. The problem consists of minimising an objective function which includes both the accuracy of the areal mean estimation (as expressed by the kriging variance of estimation) and the economic cost of the data collection. The well known geostatistical variance-reduction method is used in combination with simulated annealing as an algorithm of minimisation. This methodology has several advantages which will be demonstrated in this paper. Several synthetic examples are shown in order to illustrate the performance of the methodology in two different optimisation problems: the optimal selection of a subset from a set of stations that already exist and the optimal augmentation of a previously existing network.