核地球化学发展的丰碑:<核转变能与地球物质的演化>--纪念侯德封先生诞辰100周年

1974年出版的《核转变能与地球物质的演化》是一部核物理学、地质学、地球化学相结合的典范,是核地球化学发展中的里程碑。作者侯德封先生以敏锐、严谨的学术思想,系统论述了地球物质中的各种核转变的类型与特征,核转变所产生的能量及其分布、传导与作用,核转变的产物对地球物质组成变异的影响与作用,核转变能随地球历史的演变特征及与地球演化阶段的关系等;其创造性地提出的一系列新概念、观点、模式和科学推测大大推动了尔后核地球化学的发展。     

Denudation and uplift history of the Jameson Land basin, East Greenland—constrained from maturity and apatite fission track data

The Jameson Land basin in East Greenland comprises a well exposed succession of Upper Paleozoic–Mesozoic sediments. During Middle Devonian–Early Permian rifting, 13 km of continental clastics were deposited. In latest Paleozoic to Mesozoic times, 4 km of sediments accumulated during regional subsidence. In the Early Paleocene, during North Atlantic break-up, the basin was covered by a thick volcanic pile. Subsequently, uplift and erosion took place over the whole region. The volcanic cover was completely removed from Jameson Land and erosion cut deeply into the underlying sediments. To assess the exploration potential of Jameson Land, a basin modelling study with 21 1D pseudo-wells was carried out based on all seismic and surface data available. In addition to the calculation of hydrocarbon generation in space and time, the basin modelling provided an opportunity to study the magnitude and timing of uplift and erosion. Basin modelling constrained by apatite fission track data has made it possible to determine a consistent uplift and erosion history of the area. Tectonic backstripping based on a simple Airy type isostatic model has been used to separate the tectonic uplift from the actual uplift. The combined basin modelling and backstripping study has led to the following conclusions: (1) the thickness of the Cretaceous succession varied from 1.3 km in the south to 0.3 km in the north; (2) the volcanic rocks formed a wedge with a thickness of >2 km in the south thinning to <0.1 km in the north; (3) the subsequent erosion of 2–3 km is in response to tectonic uplift with a magnitude of 1 km, and the calculated tectonic uplift shows increasing values to the north. The erosion rate generally accelerated from Late Paleocene up to the present time.     

1:50 000数字高程模型(DEM)生产中有关问题初探

总结了1:50 000DEM生产实践中,在技术、管理上取得的一些经验,对生产中各环节的实际问题提出一些建议,目的为以后各种比例尺的DEM生产提供参考.     

INFLUENCE ON NORTHERN PACIFIC STORM TRACK OF EQUATO-RIAL CENTRAL AND EASTERN PACIFIC SSTA DURING WINTER

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is conducted of 15 winter tropical Pacific SST with 500 hPa filtered potential height variance over the northern Pacific storm track. It is shown that the first coupled mode obtained depicts the effect on the track of SSTA over equatorial central and eastern Pacific. Further composite analysis indicates that the SSTA over there during winter can give rise to or invigorate PNA teleconnection response pattern in 500 hPa height field which, in turn, exerts crucial influence on the interannual variability in vigor and east-west displacement of the Pacific storm track, especially over its central and eastern part.     

A middle Miocene post‐rift stress regime revealed by dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area,NE Japan

Significant advances were made in the last century in the investigations of the Neogene stress history of the NE Japan arc. However, previous studies have failed to fully resolve middle Miocene post‐rift stress conditions owing to their assumption of Andersonian faulting and an inability to determine maximum and intermediate stress axes from dike orientations. We applied the latest methods of paleostress analysis in this study to igneous dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area of the NE Japan arc to elucidate post‐rift stress conditions. Stratigraphic constraints and U–Pb dating indicate that the doleritic and dacitic dikes were formed at 16–12 Ma and 15–12 Ma, respectively. Dolerite and dacite dikes yielded NW–SE extensional stresses with intermediate and low stress ratios, respectively. Mesoscale faults in the middle Miocene formations of the studied area indicated similar stresses. We suggest the sluggish deformations resulting in the dike intrusion and faulting in the normal‐faulting stress regime after the termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca. 15 Ma.     

两种动力控制变量对比分析及其对台风同化和预报的影响

目前常用的流函数-势函数(ψ-χ)和水平风分量(U-V)两种动力控制变量方案分别被认为适用于大尺度同化和对流尺度同化,而两种方案在台风尺度同化中的具体特征及其对台风预报的影响尚未明确。基于WRF-3DVarDA系统,分析不同动力控制变量方案的背景场误差协方差的统计特征,并进行了单点观测同化理想试验和5场台风过程的20组连续循环同化和预报批量试验。两种动力控制变量方案的背景场误差协方差的统计特征分析表明,ψ-χ方案背景场误差更小、长度尺度更大,而U-V方案的局地性特征更明显,方差更大;单点观测试验证实了两种方案的统计特征,也表明ψ-χ作为控制变量会导致虚假负增量的出现;批量试验表明,U-V方案的台风路径、最大风速以及台风强度的整体优于ψ-χ方案;诊断分析表明,U-V方案得到的更合理的热动力结构特征是提高台风预报的主要原因。     

渤海湾盆地临清坳陷东部热演化历史和成烃史

利用磷灰石裂变径迹和镜质体反射率古温标模拟计算的临清坳陷热演化历史,古地温梯度在总体上是逐渐降低的:孔店组沉积时期为4.2~5.0℃/100m,沙河街组沉积末期地温梯度降低至3.4℃/100m±,但在东营组沉积末期地温梯度有一增高的现象(3.5℃/100m),这可能与东营组沉积末期的抬升剥蚀有关;馆陶组沉积末期降至3.2℃/100m,现今为3.0℃/100m。临清坳陷的现今地温分布和古地温梯度均低于邻区的济阳坳陷、昌潍坳陷、冀中坳陷及黄骅坳陷。这种坳陷之间热演化的差异可能与郯庐断裂的活动有关。构造沉降史的恢复表明:其次级单元莘县凹陷和德州凹陷的构造演化存在差异。正是由于这种构造演化的差异性导致了南部的莘县凹陷古地温梯度整体高于北部的德州凹陷。热演化历史的差异又决定了主要烃源岩生烃史的差别:德州凹陷烃源岩基本未进入成熟生烃状态,而莘县凹陷的主要烃源岩(孔店组和沙河街组四段)大都达到了较成熟或处在生油高峰状态。     

黄河气旋暴雨过程发展演变成因分析

2016年7月19-21日华北地区出现了一次影响范围广、累积雨量大、持续时间长、局地雨强大的极端强降水过程,强度仅次于1963年8月8-9日极端降水事件,河北多地及北京的降水总量和持续时间超过2012年"7·21"特大暴雨.本文利用地面自动气象站、气象卫星以及NCEP再分析等资料对导致此次特大暴雨的环流配置尤其是黄河气...     

2006年"04、05"号热带气旋的诊断分析

通过诊断“04、05”号热带风暴登陆后减弱成台风低压的变化特征,分析其路径相似却出现降水实况不同的成因,结果表明:台风低压暴雨主要决定于登陆后台风低压的移动路径和高低层结构维持时间的长短,稳定的湿舌、“湿锋”、台风低压辐合线的持续加强、急流的北推西进以及有利地形都可使降水得到明显增幅。     

A multi‐geochronological study of the Hakusan volcano,central Japan

The Hakusan volcano, central Japan, is located in a region where two subducting plates (the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate) overlap near the junction of four plates adjacent to the Japanese Islands (the Pacific Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate, the Eurasia Plate, and the North American Plate). The Hakusan volcano consists of products from four major volcanic episodes: Kagamuro, Ko‐hakusan, and Shin‐Hakusan I and II. To date the eruption events of the Hakusan volcano we applied thermoluminescence and fission track methods. ²³⁸U(²³⁴U)–²³⁰Th disequilibrium and ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U methods were applied to date the zircon crystallization ages for estimating the magma residence time before the eruptions. The eruption ages we obtained are ca 250 ka for Kagamuro, ca 100 ka and ca 60 ka for Ko‐Hakusan, ca 50 ka for Shin‐Hakusan I, and <10 ka for Shin‐Hakusan II. They are concordant with previous reports based on K–Ar dating. Some of the pyroclastic rocks, possibly originating from Shin‐Hakusan II activities, are dated to be ca 36 ka or 50 ka, and belong to the Shin‐Hakusan I activity. The zircon crystallization ages show several clusters prior to eruption. The magma residence time was estimated for each volcanic activity by comparing the major crystallization events and eruption ages, and we found a gradual decrease from ca. 500 ky for the Kagamuro activity to ca. 5 ky for the Shin‐Hakusan II activity. This decrease in residence time may be responsible for the decrease in volume of erupted material estimated from the current topography of the region. The scale of volcanic activity, which was deduced from the number of crystallized zircons, is more or less constant throughout the Hakusan volcanic activity. Therefore, the decrease in magma residence time is most likely the result of stress field change.