磷灰石裂变径迹分析新进展

综述了近十几年来磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析在基础理论上的进展:AFT退火动力学的影响因素;AFT多元退火模型的建立;LA-ICP-MS裂变径迹定年及AFT分析自动化.总结了一些尚存分歧的研究问题:围压对AFT退火过程的影响,AFT年龄与磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄的异常;特殊地质环境下AFT退火资料对退火模型的制约.最后展望了AFT分析的发展方向.     

Thermochronological data from Sudan in the frame of the denudational history of the Nubian Red Sea margin

Low‐temperature thermochronology provides information on the timing of rifting and denudation of passive margins, and the Red Sea with its well‐exposed, young rift margins is a suitable setting for its application. Here we present new apatite fission‐track (AFT) data from Sudan northern hinterland and Red Sea coastal areas. From the former region we obtained ages between 270 ± 2 Ma ad 253 ± 53 Ma, and from the coastal belt between 83 ± 8 Ma and 39 ± 7 Ma. These data prompted a review and comparison with low‐temperature thermochronological data from the whole Nubian Red Sea Margin, and a discussion on their implication in assessing the margin evolutionary style. AFT data are available for Egypt and Eritrea as well as apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) ages for two transects transversal to the margin in Eritrea. Both in Egypt and Eritrea AFT data record a cooling event at about 20–25 Ma (Early Miocene) and an earlier, more local, cooling event in Egypt at about 34 Ma (Early Oligocene). The thermal modeling of the Sudan samples provides an indication of a rapid cooling in Miocene times, but does not support nor rules out an Early Oligocene cooling phase. The re‐assessment of new and existing thermochronological data within the known geological framework of the Nubian and conjugate Arabian margins favours the hypothesis that early rifting stages were affecting the whole Gulf of Suez–Red Sea–Gulf of Aden system since the Oligocene. These precocious, more attenuated, phases were followed by major extension in Miocene times. As to the mode of margin evolution, AFT age patterns both in Egypt and Eritrea are incompatible with a downwarp model. The distribution of AHe ages across the Eritrean coastal plain suggests that there the escarpment was evolving predominantly by plateau degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Apatite fission track constraints on the Neogene tectono-thermal history of Nimu area, southern Gangdese terrane, Tibet Plateau

Apatite fission track dating of five samples from Cenozoic volcanic strata in the Nimu District in the southern Gangdese Terrane exhibits single population grain ages with a single mean age and associated central ages ranging from 6.8 ± 0.6 Ma to 9.7 ± 1.2 Ma. Mean track lengths are between 12.9 ± 1.7 µm and 14.2 ± 2.3 µm with a single peak characteristic of a single thermal event. The newly documented ages coincide well with the age of high sedimentation rates in the North Tibet Basin that resulted from a 9–5 Ma compressional event. Track length modeling allows three stages to be identified in the sample cooling. The first stage (12–8 Ma) records a period of relative stability with little, if any, cooling at temperatures of 120–110°C suggesting this region had low relief. The second stage (8–2 Ma) reflects rapid cooling with temperatures decreasing from ∼110°C to surface temperatures of ∼15°C. This stage can be related to far-field effects of the Himalayan collision, which probably generated the surface uplift and relief that defines the present-day Gangdese Mountains. The mean uplift rate of this period is estimated to be 1.41–0.95 mm/y with total uplift reaching ∼5900 m. The final stage is related to surface evolution since the Pliocene.     

湿陷性黄土地区客运专线路基沉降观测分析

郑西客运专线是我国第一条黄土地区时速300～350 km/h铺设无砟轨道的高速铁路,路基沉降控制是保证高速铁路运营安全的重要因素。通过郑西客运专线现场沉降观测资料的分析发现,黄土地基在较小沉降控制要求的情况下具有完成时间较短、沉降趋势符合双曲线分析法、埋设于路基中部的沉降板比埋设于路肩的观测桩沉降曲线拟合性好、路堑地段也有较小的沉降发生等特点,这些结果对进行高速铁路客运专线路基沉降观测设计很有借鉴价值。     

铁路客运专线路基面沉降特征与工程意义

路基面沉降是铁路客运专线变形观测和沉降评估的基本内容,但由于对路基面沉降的物理含义及其工程意义认识不足,其观测成果的运用存在一些谬误之处。结合武广客运专线大量实测数据,简要地分析了路基面沉降特征及表征意义,探讨观测成果的合理应用方法。分析表明：路基面沉降观测数据可用于考察路基沉降的稳定性、后期发展趋势和曲线回归的相关系数是否满足要求,但无法直接用之进行工后沉降检算。建议了联合路基面沉降观测数据和地基沉降观测数据推算工后沉降的方法。     

裂变径迹法在研究造山带隆升过程中的应用介绍

介绍了４种类型的造山带隆升－冷却模式,不同模式对应不同的磷灰石裂变径年龄－－高程图特征;了不同构造造背景下的热历史特征一裂变径迹年龄序列。裂变径变宅遮挡同统计分布型式对应于不同的热历史,具有不同的年代学意义。     

非开挖导向钻进铺管技术应用研究

非开挖铺管技术是利用岩土钻凿技术手段,在地面不开挖的情况下,准确而快捷地穿越公路、铁路、建筑物、河流等地段铺设和更换地下管线的一项高新技术。结合实际工程,对非开挖导向钻进铺管的关键技术进行重点论述,并对这项新技术提出了多项改进方案：①研制新钻头;②研制柔性钻杆保护装置;③研制全自动导向钻进测控仪     

AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO SHORT-AND MEDIUM-RANGE PREDICTION OF TRACK AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

An objective prediction approach to the 6 h-144 h track and intensity of tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific is proposed. On the basis of both analog deviation technique and completed historical sample curve library, the track or intensity prediction for each forecast period are determined respectively through the optimum weighted superposition of displacement or intensity change of the cases, with different number and weighted coefficient corresponding to minimal analog deviation, from different tropical cyclone or different stage of the same cyclone. so that the prediction results for both forecast period and entire process are optimal. The verification suggests that the approach exhibits better forecast performance than other previous forecast methods by having remarkable decreasing forecast errors in short-and medium-range forecast of both track and intensity,and that the approach can also be used to predict effectively the decay process of tropical cyclone and is able to predict anomalous track and tropical depression.     

一种基于深度学习的热带气旋路径集成预报方法

本文提出了一种基于深度学习的热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)路径集成预报方法.该方法以长短期记忆深度网络为模型构架,利用前4个时刻(24 h,间隔6 h)及当前时刻的TC路径记录,以及由不同环境因素所计算的方向预报因子作为输入,分别直接预报和间接(通过预报移动速度)预报路径,集成两者预报结果实现时效为...     

飞机航迹仿真系统的设计与实现

在飞机作战的对抗仿真中,如何方便而又逼真地生成飞机航迹是需要解决的一个重要问题。系统根据飞机飞行的不同状态组合生成航迹的思想,建立了三维航迹仿真模型。利用可视化与仿真技术,可以方便、灵活地显示各种飞行航迹,同时还可以动态推演出整个飞行过程。系统以组件的形式进行设计和实现,提高了仿真应用开发效率,并能有效地支持与其他仿真系统的集成。