全新世中期以来西辽河流域动物地理与环境变迁

自全新世中期以来 ,西辽河流域动物群的种类成分有很大变化。全新世中期 ,野猪和鹿科动物是这里最主要的大型食草动物。公元初期 ,野马等草原动物占有一定地位。中世纪的辽代时期 ,鹿科动物成为这里最主要大型食草动物 ,同时 ,有适应沼泽环境的麋鹿。直到清代初期 ,野马在动物群中还占有一定地位。清代中期 ,大型食肉动物虎、豹、熊分布较广泛 ,清代晚期 ,其分布迅速减少直至消失。动物地理的变化在一定程度上反映了环境的变化。     

利用贝类废弃物制造水解动物蛋白

以扇贝加工废弃物—扇贝边为原料 ,采用枯草杆菌蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、Flavourzyme对其进行深度水解 ;然后应用超滤技术对酶解液进行分离 ,除去未水解的蛋白质、细菌、微细的颗粒等物质 ,得到富含氨基酸和小分子肽的超滤透过液 ;再应用反渗透技术进行预浓缩 ,以除去其中过多水分 ;最后 ,对该浓缩液进行减压浓缩或喷雾干燥 ,即得到浓液状或粉状的水解动物蛋白产品。其中 ,粉状产品的粗蛋白含量为 6 6 .88% ,氨基酸态氮含量为 6 .96 % ,氨基酸态氮 /总氮 6 5 .0 5 % ,均优于国外同类产品     

Stable isotopic analysis on ancient human bones in Jiahu site

Palaeodietary analysis is one of important topics in bioarchaeology field and has been paid great at- tention to by Chinese archaeometrists recently. Ancient human bones in Jiahu Site were analyzed by means of stable isotopes of C, N and O. 13 human bones were excluded from 28 bones for dietary re- construction due to their unusual collagen contents, C and N contents, and C/N atomic ratios espe- cially. δ 13C (-20.37±0.53‰) in collagen of remaining samples showed that C3 food were consumed mainly, which is consistent of the archaeological findings that rice was the staple in Jiahu. According to the difference of δ 15N and δ 13C values in bone collagen, the samples can be classified into four clusters. The changes of δ 15N values in bone collagen and δ 13C values in hydroxylapatite through whole cultural phases indicated the transition from hunting to gathering and fishing to rice agriculture and animal domestication ultimately. Meanwhile, the δ 18O change in hydroxylapatite showed that pa- laeoclimate was relatively constant during Jiahu culture.     

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅰ:钻井泥浆对水生动物的毒性比较

用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等4种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对班节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于10000mg／L（1％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余3种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。可以认为在试验条件下两种泥浆是无急性毒性的物质,但由于泥浆组成的复杂性,综合评价泥浆对水环境的影响时,需探讨其对底栖生物的影响。     

Alignment silkworms as seismic animal anomalous behavior (SAAB) and electromagnetic model of a fault: a theory and laboratory experiment

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昌吉市大降水天气及其对农牧业生产的利弊

通过对昌吉市1982～2002年20年大降水天气日数的统计分析，得出了大降水天气日数的年、月变化特征。分析了大降水天气对农牧业生产造成的利弊。     

震前动物异常应用于临震预报的探索

为实现对社会、公众在震前“打个招呼”的强烈愿望,探讨了实现临震预报的可能性,提出了建立规范化实验观察场(哨)应注意的几个问题.     

气候变化对6种荒漠动物分布的潜在影响

分析气候变化对动物分布的影响,对气候变化影响下保护生物多样性具有重要的意义。利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)模型,采用A2和B2气候变化情景,模拟分析了气候变化对鹅猴羚（柴达木亚种）、鹅猴羚（南疆亚种）、草原斑猫、蒙古野驴、石貂和野骆驼适宜分布范围及空间分布格局影响。结果显示,气候变化下,这些动物目前适宜分布范围将缩小,到2081—2100年时段,鹅猴羚（南疆亚种）、草原斑猫和蒙古野驴变化幅度最大,鹅猴羚（柴达木亚种）、石貂和野骆驼次之。另外,从1991—2020年时段到2081—2100年时段,鹅猴羚（柴达木亚种）、石貂和野骆驼新适宜及总适宜分布范围随时间段呈增加趋势,其他动物这些范围呈现减小的趋势。蒙古野驴目前适宜分布区西部、北部、南部和东南部一些区域将不适宜,新适宜分布范围将向青海西北部和西藏西部扩展;鹅猴羚（南疆亚种）适宜分布区极大破碎化,新适宜范围在新疆西部、北部及昆仑山呈零星分布;草原斑猫目前适宜区南部、西部和东部一些区域将不适宜,新适宜分布范围将向目前适宜分布区西部、北部、南部扩展;其他动物主要是目前适宜分布区南部及东南部一些区域不适宜,新适宜分布区将向目前分布区西部、西北和北部扩展。这些动物适宜分布范围变化与我国年均气温和降水量变化相关性不一致,多数物种相关性较低,并且这些物种适宜分布范围没有随年均气温变化和降水量变化而线性改变,多数物种回归关系决定系数较小。结果说明,气候变化背景下,近期将使这些动物适宜分布范围减少,新适宜分布范围增加,分布空间格局改变。     

Underwater video reveals decreased activity of rocky intertidal snails during high tides and cooler days

Nearly all of our understanding of rocky inter‐tidal ecology comes from studies conducted at low tide. To study inter‐tidal organisms at high tide, we anchored waterproof digital GoPro^® video cameras in wave‐exposed tidepools and recorded the daytime movements of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, over the tidal cycle between May and August 2012 near Bodega Bay, California. Overall, snails moved more quickly and presumably foraged more during low tides and on days with warmer air and perhaps water temperatures. This is similar to other ectotherms that exhibit increased metabolic rates, movement and foraging in warmer conditions. Snails also moved less during flood and high tides, may have moved downward in tidepools at flood tides, and showed evidence of reduced activity on days with larger waves. This inactivity and refuge seeking may have been a strategy to avoid dislodgment by waves. Analysis of snail trajectories showed foraging bouts indicated by alternating zig‐zagging and straight movement. There was no effect of temperature, wave height, or tidal phase on distribution of snail turning angles, suggesting that they may have foraged consistently but moved faster during warm conditions and low tides, thereby grazing a larger area. This is one of few direct recordings of inter‐tidal organisms on wave‐exposed rocky shores during high tide. The methods used here are easily transferable to other studies, which are needed to increase our understanding of behaviors that structure rocky shore communities during high tide.     

新疆畜牧业碳排放格局与公平性研究

对新疆畜牧业碳排放进行相关研究,能够更好促进新疆低碳农业发展。运用碳排放系数法计算畜牧业碳排放量,从生产效率、经济效率两个方面构建畜牧业碳排放公平性评价模型,分析考察14个地（州、市）畜牧业碳排放的时空演变规律及公平性。结果显示：新疆畜牧业碳排放总量呈现波动上升态势,万元GDP碳排放量下降趋势明显;少数民族集聚区、水草资源丰富的地（州、市）碳排放量较大,二三产业发达、水草资源欠缺的地（州、市）碳排放量较小;畜牧业碳排放生产效率和经济效率的基尼系数分别为0.42和0.47,均处于“差距偏大”的不公平状态,超出了“0.4”的分配差距警戒线;从生产效率和经济效率对畜牧业碳排放公平性分类结果为：乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番市、哈密市四市和昌吉州属于“高-高”型,阿克苏地区、喀什地区属于“高-低”型,巴州、塔城地区属于“低-高”型,伊犁州直属、阿勒泰地区、博州、克州、和田地区属于“低-低”型。最后提出新疆发展低碳畜牧业的对策建议。