昆明机场红土地层地下结构抗震模拟研究

昆明机场残积红土既是区域内重要的土地资源,更是各类工程建设的建筑地基,由于机场及临近区域内小江地震活动断裂带和普渡河断裂带地震活动频繁,使研究区处于较不稳定状态。本文采用MIDAS GTS有限元数值分析软件,利用动三轴试验所得出的结果,分别对昆明长水国际机场玄武岩残积红土、砂页岩残积红土地层下典型的地下结构进行了抗震模拟研究。所获得的研究成果,对红土分布区城市及村镇房屋建筑地基和地下空间结构抗震安全稳定性评价具有一定的指导意义和实用价值。     

Genetic relationship of metamorphic reaction and dehydration-melting

The high-temperature and pressure experimental data of garnet, sillimantite and biotite-bearing potash feldspar gneiss (SGBG, natural block rock) has shown that metamorphic reactions between garnet and melt, and mineral assemblage evolutional features are not only controlled byP-T condition, but also genetically correlate with dehydration-melting of biotite and partial melting of felsic minerals. Combining experimental data with theoretical analyses, the genetic mechanism of metamorphic reaction and its dynamic significance have been demonstrated in the process of metamorphic evolution of khondalite series on the border of Jin (Shanxi Province)-Inner Mongolia. Project supported by the Youth Geologist Foundation of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China, the Post-docter Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49572138).     

蔓箐沟一带石榴基性麻粒岩变质反应与矿物演化

蔓箐沟地区石榴基性麻粒岩发育多期变质反应结构。矿物组合演化可划分三个阶段：①峰期阶段（Ｍ１）,以包裹于石榴石中的Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ和由Ｇｔ＋Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ组成基质矿物组合为代表;②退变早期近等温减压阶段（Ｍ２）,形成蠕虫状后成合晶Ｏｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｍｔ;③退变晚期阶段（Ｍ３）,则形成细粒、黄绿色Ｈｂ＋中酸性Ｐｌ的较低温组合。并揭示该区石榴基性麻粒岩从中下部地壳的麻粒岩相变质,到快速抬升至中浅部地壳发生的近等温减压及晚期降温退变的复杂ｐＴ演化历史。     

Measurements of Reaction Coefficients of NO2 and HONO on Aerosol Particles

The reaction coefficients of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid with monodisperse sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate aerosols have been measured in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. These experiments were performed at relative humidities above and below the deliquescence points of both aerosols (r.h. 50 and 85%) at 279 K. The results for NO₂ afford a reaction coefficient in the range (2.8–10) × 10^-4 and for HONO, (2.8–4.6) × 10^-3. For both species, there appears to be an enhancement of the reaction coefficient on sodium chloride aerosol at 50% r.h. The results are compared with reaction coefficients determined by other experimental methods. A good agreement is found for both gases between this method and the coated denuder method previously developed in our research laboratories (Msibi et al., 1993) and with the majority of other published data for NO₂. In the case of HONO, our estimate of reaction coefficient is smaller than, or at the lower limits of the ranges reported by other published studies.     

THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC WAVE*

The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in three circumstances:(1) adiabatic process,(2) diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3) diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The results indicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution to the time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible.     

THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC WAVE

The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in threecircumstances:(1)adiabatic process,(2)diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3)diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The resultsindicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution tothe time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible.     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.     

From an initial transient-state to a steady-state in metamorphic reactions: An experimental approach in the system dolomite-quartz-H2O

Abstract We carried out hydrothermal experiments in the system dolomite‐quartz‐H₂O to track the temporal change in reaction rates of simultaneous reactions during the development of reaction zones. Two types of configurations for the starting materials were prepared: dolomite single crystals + quartz powder + water and quartz single crystals + dolomite powder + water, both sealed separately in gold capsules. Runs at 0.1GPa and 600°C with cold seal pressure vessels gave the following results. (i) In short duration (45–71 h) runs metastable layer sequences involving wollastonite and talc occur in the reaction zone, whereas they disappear in longer duration (168–336 h) runs. (ii) The layer sequence of the reaction zones in short duration runs differs from place to place on the dolomite crystal even in the same run. (iii) The diversity of layer sequences in the short duration runs merges into a unique layer sequence in the longer duration runs. (iv) The reaction zone develops locally on the dolomite crystal, but no reaction zone was observed on the quartz crystal in any of the runs. The lines of evidence (i)–(iii) show that the system evolves from an initial transient‐ to a steady‐state and that the kinetic effect is important in the development of reaction zones. A steady diffusion model for the unique layer sequence Qtz/Di/Fo + Cal/Dol + Cal/Dol shows that the Dol + Cal layer cannot be formed by diffusion‐controlled process and that the stability of the layer sequence Qtz/Di/Fo + Cal/Dol depends not only on L‐ratios (a = /L_CaOCaO and b = /L_MgOMgO) but also on the relative rate P = (−2ξ₁ − ξ₂)/(–ξ₁ − 2ξ₂) of competing reactions: Dol + 2Qtz = Di + 2CO₂ (ξ₁) and 2Dol + Qtz = Fo + 2Cal + 2CO₂ (ξ₂). For smaller P the stability field will shift to higher values of a and b. The steady diffusion model also shows that the apparent‐non‐reactivity on the quartz surface can be attributed to void formation in a large volume fraction in the diopside layer.     

哀牢山成矿带壳幔相互作用与金成矿关系探讨——以元阳大坪金矿床为例

哀牢山成矿带位于云南省中南部,带内相续发现了墨江金厂、镇沅老王寨和元阳大坪等一批大型-超大型金多金属矿床。滇西南地区的莫霍面等深度特征、大陆地温梯度和大地热流高异常特征以及地球深层次结构特征,一致表明哀牢山地区在新生代处于强烈的壳幔相互作用时期。以大坪超大型金矿床同位素组成为例开展了示踪学研究,结果表明,成矿物质及成矿流体均以上地幔或下地壳来源为主,成矿过程中有少量地壳浅部的大气饱和水、岩浆水或它们的混合流体的加入。区域地球物理场特征及同位素示踪学研究一致表明,在哀牢山成矿带内矿床形成过程中,伴随有强烈的深部岩浆活动,壳幔相互作用对该地区矿床的形成有重要贡献。     

南海北部神狐区域 SH2 站位甲烷水合物成藏动力学模拟研究

南海北部神狐区域海底的高丰度水合物储层与生物成因为主的甲烷气源表明该区域很可能是一种特殊的复合型海洋水合物系统,其成藏动力学机制有待进一步的研究和澄清。建立了一个耦合沉积层地质属性-流体流动过程-水合物反应动力学的传输-反应模型,区别了两种不同类型的水合物形成(分解)动力学过程:(1)在通常情况下溶解甲烷和游离气共同形成水合物,(2)特殊情况下游离气直接生成水合物,结果表明在神狐海域热力学环境下游离气形成水合物速度比溶解甲烷快约4倍,气体含量和动力学常数比值越大生成水合物越快,而对比水合物分布的模拟结果与实测数据表明该区域水合物储层聚集和产状很可能受到了其他地质活动的影响。