大变形锚杆-围岩耦合模型及其计算方法

在矿山、水利、交通等工程领域中大变形锚杆已经获得了广泛的认可和应用,而相应理论水平落后于工程实践的现状则限制了大变形锚杆支护技术的进一步发展。针对大变形锚杆的力学及变形特性,提出了一种锚杆-围岩耦合作用结构模型,并基于塑性增量理论,从锚杆-围岩相互作用的角度,提出了大变形锚杆加固岩体的求解方法,推导了加锚岩体的平衡方程、位移协调方程和锚杆响应方程。在Visual Basic开发环境中编制有限差分计算程序,利用龙格库塔法求得了大变形锚杆-围岩耦合模型的半解析解,并通过数值模拟验证了理论模型的有效性。基于上述理论模型和计算方法,不仅可以计算得到大变形锚杆轴力和剪应力分布情况,定量分析其支护效应,还可以系统地求得加锚岩体的地层响应曲线及锚杆自身的响应曲线,对于地下工程中大变形锚杆的支护设计有基础性指导意义。     

边坡可靠度分析的支持向量机法

提出了基于支持向量机（SVM）的边坡可靠度分析新算法。该方法采用均匀设计确定样本点,通过一定数量的确定性计算来训练SVM,拟合边坡的功能函数;采用一阶可靠度方法（FORM）和迭代算法优化SVM模型,获得可靠度指标和验算点信息;在SVM模型基础上进一步通过二阶可靠度方法（SORM）和蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）计算边坡的失稳概率。以两个典型边坡为例,通过与其他方法比较,证明了该方法的准确性和高效性。结果表明：提出的在标准正态空间（U空间）中取样并构建SVM,在原始空间（X空间）中计算功能函数的算法,有效地解决了具有相关非正态分布变量的可靠度分析问题,并且可很容易扩展到SORM的计算。算例结果证明,该方法的精度高于FORM;而效率优于MCS。分析过程中,边坡安全系数计算和可靠度分析相互独立。因此,该方法既适用于具有显式功能函数的简单问题,也适用于需要软件计算安全系数的实际边坡问题。     

A unified approach for long-term behavior and seismic response of AAR-affected concrete dams

Concrete dams suffering from alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) exhibit swelling and deterioration of concrete or even cracking over a long period. The deterioration of concrete may significantly affect the dynamic behavior of the structures, and it is necessary to estimate seismic safety of the deteriorated dams subjected to strong earthquakes. A unified approach is presented in this paper for long-term behavior and seismic response analysis of AAR-affected concrete dams by combining AAR kinetics, effects of creep and plastic-damage model in the finite element method. The proposed method is applied to a gravity dam and an arch dam. The long-term behavior of the AAR-affected dams is first predicted in terms of anisotropic swelling, spatially non-uniform deterioration of concrete, and cracking initiation and propagation with the development of AAR. The seismic response of the deteriorated dams is subsequently analyzed based on the state of the structures at the end of the long-term analysis. The AAR-induced expansion displacements obtained from the proposed method are in good agreement with the measured ones in the long-term operation. The simulated cracking patterns in the dams caused by the continuing AAR are also similar to the field observation. The results from the seismic analysis show that AAR-induced deterioration of concrete and cracking may lead to more severe damage cracking in the dams during earthquake. The dynamic displacements are also increased compared with the dams that are not suffering from AAR. The seismic safety of the AAR-affected concrete dams is significantly reduced because of the AAR-induced deterioration of concrete and cracking.     

Experimental studies of melt-peridotite reactions at 1–2 GPa and 1250–1400°C and their implications for transforming the nature of lithospheric mantle and for high-Mg signatures in adakitic rocks

Experiments of the melt-peridotite reaction at pressures of 1 and 2 GPa and temperatures of 1250–1400°C have been carried out to understand the nature of the peridotite xenoliths in the Mesozoic high-Mg diorites and basalts of the North China Craton,and further to elucidate the processes in which the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle in this region was transformed.We used Fuxin alkali basalt,Feixian alkali basalt,and Xu-Huai hornblende-garnet pyroxenite as starting materials for the reacting melts,and lherzolite xenoliths and synthesized harzburgite as starting materials for the lithospheric mantle.The experimental results indicate that:(1)the reactions between basaltic melts and lherzolite and harzburgite at 1–2 GPa and 1300–1400°C tended to dissolve pyroxene and precipitate low-Mg#olivine(Mg#=83.6–89.3),forming sequences of dunite-lherzolite(D-L)and duniteharzburgite(D-H),respectively;(2)reactions between hornblende-garnet pyroxenite and lherzolite at 1 GPa and 1250°C formed a D-H sequence,whereas reactions at 2 GPa and 1350°C formed orthopyroxenite layers and lherzolite;and(3)the reaction between a partial melt of hornblende-garnet pyroxenite and harzburgite resulted in a layer of orthopyroxenite at the boundary of the pyroxenite and harzburgite.The reacted melts have higher MgO abundances than the starting melts,demonstrating that the melt-peridotite reactions are responsible for the high-Mg#signatures of andesites or adakitic rocks.Our experimental results support the proposition that the abundant peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths in western Shandong and the southern Taihang Mountains might have experienced multiple modifications in reaction to a variety of melts.We suggest that melt-peridotite reactions played important roles in transforming the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle in the region of the North China Craton.     

虾蟹壳提取物氨基葡萄糖美拉德反应及其产物的抗氧化性能研究

首次使用虾蟹壳提取物氨基葡萄糖单一物质制备美拉德反应产物(MRPs)。结果表明,MRPs清除DPPH·能力随反应物浓度、温度和时间的增加而增强;还原能力、清除·OH能力随反应物浓度增加而增强,还原能力随温度、时间增加先增后降,清除·OH能力随温度升高先增后降,随反应时间下降。115℃、0.5mg/ml、90min条件下制备的MRPs清除DPPH·的能力最强为88.73%;65℃、0.6mg/ml、40min的MRPs还原能力最强为A700nm=1.684;65℃、0.6mg/ml、10min的MRPs清除·OH的能力最强为98.72%。MRPs具有很强的抗氧化活性,比Vc和TBHQ抗氧化效果更好,但其抗氧化能力并不完全依赖于产物的褐变程度。氨基葡萄糖MRPs是优良的新型保鲜剂材料。     

低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应及其衍生物活性研究

研究低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应,考察了三种体系(低聚壳聚糖的氨基与葡萄糖的羰基的物质量比分别为1∶1、1∶3和3∶1)反应过程中pH、吸光度峰值以及荧光值峰值的变化,醇沉法提取低聚壳聚糖关拉德反应衍生物CG1∶1、CG1∶3和CG3∶1.对三种衍生物进行红外表征和分子质量测定,并研究其抗氧化效果(对超氧阴离子O2-,羟基自由基OH,DPPH的清除能力,还原能力),结果显示:三种低聚壳聚糖衍生物对O2-、OH、DPPH的清除能力及还原能力都明显优于低聚壳聚糖,且CG1∶1最佳,其次是CG1∶3,最差的是CG3∶1.同时,研究了低聚壳聚糖及其三种衍生物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,结果显示:低聚壳聚糖及其三种衍生物随着浓度增加,对两种菌的抑菌效果增强,且三种衍生物的抑菌效果优于低聚壳聚糖本身.同时,三种衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用强于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用.提示:低聚壳聚糖与葡萄糖的美拉德反应产物有强的抗氧化性和抑菌性,且其抗氧化性和抑菌性的强弱与反应物的氨基与羰基比例有关.     

等价各向异性介质一阶拟声波 方程正演模拟及其效率分析

为克服各向异性弹性波动方程正演模拟的局限,本文研究了各向异性介质拟声波方程的交错网格有限差分数值解法.首先,从VTI介质胡克定律和qP-qSV波频散关系两种思路出发,通过声假设近似,给出了两种不同形式的VTI介质一阶拟声波方程,并通过引入波场的伪速度分量,推导了一种新的VTI介质一阶应力-速度方程,并通过旋转坐标系将其推广到TTI介质中;其次,构造了一阶拟声波方程的交错网格高阶有限差分格式,并推导了相应的PML边界条件;最后,对本文方法中固有的qSV人为干扰波的产生机制和压制方法进行了简单讨论.数值结果表明:3种一阶拟声波方程在运动学和动力学上是等价的,相对于各向异性弹性波正演模拟,其节省了内存,提高了计算效率;各向异性因素会影响反射波旅行时和振幅等波场特征,在后续的处理、反演和解释中不可忽略;VTI介质HESS模型的逆时偏移结果也验证了本文方法的合理性.      

利用鳕鱼皮蛋白制备热反应型肉香调味基料的研究

以复合酶深度水解鳕鱼皮蛋白为主要原料,通过与半胱氨酸和葡萄糖的美拉德反应制得肉香风味,并通过固相微萃取-气相-质谱联用技术检测鉴定出大量的肉香味物质.为鳕鱼皮蛋白水解物制备肉香调味基料提供理论依据.     

长江经济带空间结构演化及重组

在重新认识长江经济带的空间范围及空间结构内涵的基础上,运用空间数据分析的一般方法,获得了长江经济带空间分异的基本特征。经过独立发展阶段、区域集聚与链接阶段、 行政经济区阶段和空间竞争与链接阶段等4 个时期的发展,长江经济带形成了特殊的条形核 心-外围-边缘结构,存在三大核心、一条主轴、一条辅轴、四条地方轴、一个外围地区和 一个边缘地域。运用空间相互作用理论,从互补性、通达性和介入机会等方面分析了长江经 济带空间结构形成与演化的基础。为加快长江经济带空间结构的优化,首先要求空间管理组织的创新,其次是空间结构要素的优化。一个以政府、城市管理与经营者和具有跨国或跨区 域网络的精英企业三者组成的长江经济带空间组织与管理机构,是管理长江经济带的理想组 织模式,只有当政府、城市管理与经营者和企业建立起三者协商与联合的机制,才能进行有 效的空间管理。长江经济带的空间结构要素中,节点和通道是骨架,也是空间结构优化的两 大关键要素。