Progress of actinolite-forming reactions in mafic schists during retrograde metamorphism: an example from the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt in central Shikoku, Japan

Hydration reactions are direct evidence of fluid–rock interaction during regional metamorphism. In this study, hydration reactions to produce retrograde actinolite in mafic schists are investigated to evaluate the controlling factors on the reaction progress. Mafic schists in the Sanbagawa belt contain amphibole coexisting with epidote, chlorite, plagioclase and quartz. Amphibole typically shows two types of compositional zoning from core to rim: barroisite → hornblende → actinolite in the high‐grade zone, and winchite → actinolite in the low‐grade zone. Both types indicate that amphibole grew during the exhumation stage of the metamorphic belt. Microstructures of amphibole zoning and mass‐balance relations suggest that: (1) the actinolite‐forming reactions proceeded at the expense of the preexisting amphibole; and (2) the breakdown reaction of hornblende consumed more H₂O fluid than that of winchite, when one mole of preexisting amphibole was reacted. Reaction progress is indicated by the volume fraction of actinolite to total amphibole, Y_act, with the following details: (1) reaction proceeded homogeneously in each mafic layer; (2) the extent of the hornblende breakdown reaction is commonly low (Y_act < 0.5), but it increases drastically in the high‐grade part of the garnet zone (Y_act > 0.7); and (3) the extent of the winchite breakdown reaction is commonly high (Y_act > 0.7). Many microcracks are observed within hornblende, and the extent of hornblende breakdown reaction is correlated with the size reduction of the hornblende core. Brittle fracturing of hornblende may have enhanced retrograde reaction progress by increasing of influx of H₂O and the surface area of hornblende. In contrast to high‐grade rocks, the winchite breakdown reaction is well advanced in the low‐grade rocks, where reaction progress is not associated with brittle fracturing of winchite. The high extent of the reaction in the low‐grade rocks may be due to small size of winchite before the reaction.     

超高温麻粒岩中尖晶石成分、结构特征和矿物反应的指示意义:以阿尔泰造山带超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩为例

超高温变质作用的研究已成为世界上热门的地球科学领域之一,其中斜方辉石+夕线石+石英、假蓝宝石+石英、尖晶石+石英、大隅石+石英以及富铝斜方辉石等标型矿物组合和特征可以指示岩石经历了超高温变质作用(温度>900℃),这对查明地球深部下地壳的物质组成和构造演化具有重要意义。初次对产于世界上不同地区超高温麻粒岩尖晶石+石英共生等的标型矿物组合、不同赋存状态的尖晶石ZnO含量、XZn[Zn/(Mg+Fe2++Zn)]、XMg等进行分析和对比,认为不同地区不同赋存状态的尖晶石,其ZnO含量、XZn和XMg有所不同,但总的来说,超高温麻粒岩尖晶石中ZnO质量分数多数低于2.5%,但个别特殊的有高达近15%。尖晶石中XZn较低且尖晶石与石英共生,可以作为超高温变质的证据之一。通过对阿尔泰南缘超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩中尖晶石成分及ZnO含量分析,得出与石英共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为2.50%,且有与XFe成正比的变化趋势,而与钛铁矿共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为1.85%,虽然两者含量稍有不同,但与世界上超高温麻粒岩中多数尖晶石ZnO含量相比都相近。结合其他特征矿物组合,可以确定该岩石中尖晶石与石英共生组合可以作为阿尔泰地区发生超高温变质作用的证据。通过对阿尔泰南缘与尖晶石-石英有关的变质反应期次划分等的初步研究,认为变质期次可划分为峰期变质和退变质两期,推测峰期的温度条件可达到1000℃,且该超高温麻粒岩可能经历了顺时针p-T演化轨迹。该超高温麻粒岩在阿尔泰造山带的出现,可能与古生代时期发生的古亚洲洋俯冲、西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块碰撞造山作用过程有关。     

对公婆泉盆地铀成矿水文地球化学条件的认识

通过对公婆泉盆地地质、水动力、水文地球化学条件的分析和地球化学模式计算 ,确定了盆地下白垩统层间水水化学类型主要为SO4 ·Cl Na型或Cl·SO4 Na型 ;水中铀存在形式以UO2(CO3) 4- 3占优势 ;盆地内存在有利于铀还原沉淀的水文地球化学环境的可能性、及具备满足铀沉淀条件的矿化远景有利地段     

催化光度法测定煤中钒

催化光度法测定煤中钒邵谦１葛圣松刘志强贝太伟山东矿业学院济南分院济南２５００３１利用Ｖ（Ⅴ）对溴酸盐氧化还原型罗丹明Ｂ反应的催化作用，文献［１］建立了测定痕量钒的催化荧光法。本文以此反应为指示反应，改测其激发波长下的吸光度，建立了催化光度法测定痕量钒...     

Metamorphic evolution of calcsilicate granulites near Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica

Calcsilicate granulites of probable Middle Proterozoic age ( c .1000–1100  Ma) in the vicinity of Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica, contain prograde metamorphic assemblages comprising various combinations of wollastonite, scapolite, clinopyroxene, An-rich plagioclase, calcite, quartz, titanite and, rarely, orthoclase, ilmenite, phlogopite and graphite. Comparison of the prograde assemblages with calculated and experimentally determined phase relations in the simple CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CO₂–H₂O system suggests peak metamorphism at ≥835 °C in the presence (in wollastonite-bearing assemblages at least) of a CO₂-bearing fluid ( X _CO≥0.3) at a probable pressure of 6–7  kbar.
Well-preserved retrograde reaction textures represent: (1) breakdown of scapolite to anorthite+calcite±quartz; (2) formation of grossular–andradite garnet and, locally, (3) epidote, both principally by reactions involving scapolite breakdown products and clinopyroxene; (4) local coupled replacement of clinopyroxene and ilmenite by hornblende and titanite, respectively; and finally (5) local sericitization of prograde and retrograde plagioclase. These retrograde reactions are interpreted to be the result of cooling and variable infiltration by H₂O-rich fluids, possibly derived from crystallizing pegmatitic intrusions and segregations that may be partial melts, which are common throughout the area.     

层柱粘土及其在催化反应中的应用

层柱粘土是一类新型催化剂材料。它是微孔的固体，结构类似二维分子筛，分布有适合于很多有机反应所需要的催化剂酸性和孔，其层间距大于沸石分子筛的孔径，有利于较大反应物分子的反应，在层柱粘土催化剂作用下，一些催化反应显示出择形选择性。本论述了层柱粘土在有机反应中的应用及其一些示例。规则间层结构的粘土矿物兼有云母的稳定性和膨润土的可膨胀性，是制备稳定性好的层柱粘土的原材料。手性试剂改性的钛层柱粘土可用于不对称氧化反应，为高选择性的新型层柱粘土催化剂的研制提供了有意义的启示。     

含铝多孔粘土材料的合成与研究

本文利用XRD、TEM等方法初步研究2：1型蒙脱石矿物及1：1规则间层的累脱石矿物与聚合羟基铝交联剂的层间交联作用，比较了不同制备条件下对形成含铝多孔粘土材料孔结构性质的影响。结果表明，适当增加Al／土值，采用PVA表面活性剂对粘土进行修饰改性有利于形成具有大孔结构的材料。     

基于Melan解的水平基床系数分析方法及工程运用

弹性地基法具有概念清晰、过程简单等优点在深基坑设计中广为运用,合理选择土体水平基床系数是弹性地基法的关键因素。以往地基水平基床系数多依靠于经验取值,一些学者也曾经尝试采用mindlin解等一些经典的弹性解来确定地基水平基床系数,但在参数的取值以及边界条件的确定方面均存在问题。根据反对称问题的特点,很好地解决了基坑开挖后的边界条件问题,使之符合弹性半空间理论,同时采用考虑应力状态和应力水平的土体参数,使得参数的选取更加符合实际情况。结合理论分析结果与应力路径试验结果,得到了与模量相关的水平基床系数计算方法。将计算得到的水平基床系数运用到杭州市地铁一号线试验段深基坑开挖工程中,并与实测结果进行比较,验证了计算方法的正确性,为杭州地铁后期设计计算、开挖施工提供了理论依据。该方法与传统弹性地基法相比,水平基床系数的取值有明确的计算方法,与连续介质有限元法相比,参数简单、计算简便、概念明确。     

粉煤灰—CaO胶凝尾矿免烧建筑材料的显微形貌特征及反应机理研究

本文利用粉煤灰－CaO无熟料粉煤灰水泥作为生产尾矿免烧建筑制品的胶凝材料，采用常压湿热养护技术，实验研究了粉煤灰－CaO胶凝体系和粉煤灰－CaO－尾矿蒸养体系，运用SEM研究手段，对不同工艺条件下粉煤灰水泥及尾矿建筑材料的显微形貌特征进行了研究，并对蒸养过程中的反应机理进行了探讨。     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法分析凹凸棒黏土中的微量元素

凹凸棒黏土是具有层链状结构的含水富镁铝硅酸盐矿物,矿床成因不同导致凹凸棒黏土中微量元素的组成存在差异,其中Be、Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Sb、Hg、Pb会对健康和环境产生不利影响,而V、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、Mo、Sn、Ba作为凹凸棒黏土的重要微量元素影响其性能和应用范围,因此,对凹凸棒黏土中微量元素进行精准分析可为...