Dissolution and precipitation processes in deformed amphibolites: an example from the ductile shear zone of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan

The granitic mylonite zone in the Cretaceous Ryoke metamorphic belt contains deformed amphibolites as thin layers. The amphibolite layers do not exhibit pinch‐and‐swell or boudinage structures, even when contained in a high‐strain granitic mylonite. This mode of occurrence suggests that they were deformed as much as the surrounding granite mylonite. In the highly deformed zone, strongly foliated amphibolites contain Ti‐rich brown amphibole porphyroclasts rimmed by Ti‐poor green amphibole, titanite and chlorite. These porphyroclasts are elongated, forming shear surfaces defined by preferential distribution of the chlorite and titanite. Porphyroclastic plagioclase in the strongly foliated amphibolites consists of two components: an anorthite‐rich core and an anorthite‐poor rim. Based on these observations, the mass‐balanced reaction occurring during deformation is defined as As the reaction products form a weak interconnected matrix, the strain rate of the amphibolites may be controlled by the rate of dissolution–precipitation through fluids. Weakly foliated amphibolites in the low‐strain zone exhibit cataclastic microstructures, whereas the strongly foliated amphibolites do not exhibit such features. These microstructural and chemical changes suggest that high‐strain amphibolites were initially deformed by cataclasis, followed by deformation through metamorphic reactions. During the metamorphism/deformation, old plagioclase grains with high X_an were not stable and dissolved, and new plagioclase grains with low X_an crystallized at the old plagioclase rim. Dissolution of old plagioclase and precipitation of new plagioclase occurred normal to and parallel to the foliation, respectively, reflecting incongruent pressure solution due to differential stress and changes in P–T–H₂O conditions. The development of incongruent pressure solution is attributed to increased fluid flux in the strongly foliated amphibolites, as evidenced by the greater abundance of hydration‐reaction products in the strongly foliated amphibolites than in the weakly foliated ones.     

B-ZCNN的混沌边缘和局部活性域

将由Zhabotinski反应扩散方程对应的非线性细胞网络方程称为B ZCNN ,应用局部活性理论中关于两个状态变量的反应扩散CNNs的结果 ,讨论计算了B ZCNN的局部活性域和混沌边缘域 ,因此确定了该系统可能出现的复杂性动力学行为的系统参数的范围。取处在混沌边缘域内系统参数点进行模拟 ,得到了嵌套式目标斑图等时空有序结构。最后指出局部活性是成矿发生的必要条件 ,研究成矿发生应该从成矿系统参数域的局部活性研究入手。     

垃圾填埋场防渗衬里粘性土的改性研究

鉴于垃圾填埋场常用天然粘性土衬里存在防渗能力的不足，提出了一种复合土(石灰 粘性土 膨润土)作为改性村里，并以垃圾浸泡液作为渗透液进行了改性衬里和天然粘性土衬里室内土柱对比实验。结果表明，相对于天然粘性土衬里，改性后衬里的渗透系数由lO^-8～lO^-7cm／s之间降低到lO^-9～lO-8cm／s之间，对垃圾浸泡液中的COD、三氮及铁离子的平均衰减百分比，分别由75．9l％升高到84．42％、91．3l％升高到94．06％、93．05％升高到94．67％。     

Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reaction of OH Radicals with 5-Hydroxy-2-Pentanone at 296± 2 K

The 1,4-hydroxycarbonyl 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone is an important product of the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with n-pentane in the presence of NO. We have used a relative rate method with 4-methyl-2-pentanone as the reference compound to measure the rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone at 296 ± 2 K. The carbonyls were sampled by on-fiber derivatization using a Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) fiber coated with O> -(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride with subsequent thermal desorption of the oxime derivatives and quantification by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. For comparison, the reference compound was also analyzed following sample collection onto a Tenax adsorbent cartridge. Products of the reaction were investigated using coated-fiber SPME sampling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as well as by using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. A rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone of (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10^–11 cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1 was obtained at 296 ± 2 K. Two dicarbonyl products, of molecular weight 86 and 100, were observed and are attributed to CH₃C(O)CH₂CHO and CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CHO, respectively. Reaction schemes leading to these products are presented.     

地质流体的输运-化学反应与成矿作用微观机制研究——以安徽冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型铜矿床为例

以冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型铜矿床的基本地质特征为基础建立了成矿作用的地质模型,运用成矿作用动力学理论将其转化成动力学模型,然后对动力学模型求解得到刻划矿质在断裂—多孔介质体系中输运-化学反应演化规律的解析解。研究揭示冬瓜山矿床的成矿微观机制为:成矿流体受外力的驱动在断裂-多孔隙复杂介质的输运过程中,由平流、动力弥散、扩散作用与交代反应、溶解-沉淀反应相互耦合作用而成矿。介质的有效孔隙度和渗透率等动力学参数是矿体的空间分布及规模大小的主要控制因素。模拟结果合理地解释了矿体的空间展布、矿石品位及矿石结构构造的空间变化特征等矿床的基本地质特征。本研究显示,一旦成矿过程的基本动力学参数能确定,可预测成矿的位置、矿体长度、厚度及贫富变化的规律,显示动力学研究具有潜在的重要应用价值。本文为研究复杂介质中矿床形成的微观机制提供了一种新的思路。     

Occurrence of calcite in Sanbagawa pelitic schists: implications for the formation of garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende

The frequency of occurrence of minerals in 1876 samples of Sanbagawa pelitic schist in central Shikoku is summarized on the basis of microscopic observation accompanied, in part, by use of an electron microprobe. All samples contain quartz, plagioclase, phengite, chlorite and graphite. More than 90% of samples contain clinozoisite, titanite and apatite. Garnet is present in 95% of samples from the garnet zone, and biotite is present in 64% of samples from the albite‐biotite zone. Calcite is found in about 40% of samples of the pelitic schist collected from outcrop, but occurs in 95% of the pelitic schist from drill cores. Calcite was apparently ubiquitous in the pelitic schist during the Sanbagawa metamorphism, but must have been dissolved recently by the action of surface or ground water. The mineral assemblages of the Sanbagawa pelitic schist have to be analyzed in the system with excess calcite, quartz, albite (or oligoclase), clinozoisite, graphite and fluid that is composed mainly of H₂O, CO₂ and CH₄. In the presence of calcite, reactions that produce garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende, some of which define isograds of the metamorphic belt, should be written as mixed volatile equilibria that tend to take place at lower temperature than the dehydration reactions that have been proposed. The presence of calcite in pelitic schist suggests that fluid composition is a variable as important in determining mineral assemblages as pressure and temperature. Thus Ca‐bearing phases must be taken into account to analyze the phase relations of calcite‐bearing pelitic schist, even if CaO content of Sanbagawa pelitic schist is low. As calcite is a common phase, the mineral assemblages of the biotite zone pelitic schist may contravene the mineralogical phase rule and warrant further study.     

超临界CO2流体及离子液体中过渡金属有机催化反应研究进展

超临界CO2流体、离子液体介质作为绿色替代剂可进行过渡金属有机催化反应。本文综述了近年来两种非传统介质在过渡金属有机催化反应中的应用进展。     

变质作用高峰期后的离子再交换与纯转换反应及对温度压力计算的影响

变质程度达角闪岩相及麻粒岩相的各类变质岩石在变质作用高峰期后，如果降温速率比较慢，往往发生退变质性质的离子再交换反应与纯转换反应。这两类退变质反应不可避免地改造了变质高峰期的矿物成分，使岩石不能准确记录变质作用各阶段的矿物成分和变质作用p-T轨迹。对这两类反应的研究已成为近年来变质岩石学研究的热点之一。本文通过研究实例，简要综述了基性麻粒岩中石榴子石-斜方辉石之间的Fe-Mg再交换反应、酸性麻粒岩中斜长石-碱性长石之间的K-Na再交换反应、泥质片麻岩中石榴子石变斑晶边部的部分分解(纯转换)反应，以及恢复变质高峰期矿物成分和计算变质高峰期p-T条件的方法。指出只有在准确恢复变质高峰期变质矿物成分的基础上，获得的变质作用p-T-t轨迹才能反映客观地质事实。     

Towards a Better Understanding of the Fibrolite Problem: the Effect of Reaction Overstepping and Surface Energy Anisotropy

Trachytes from the Euganean Hills District (Italy) contain metapeliticxenoliths that have been pyrometamorphosed during incorporationin the melt. In xenoliths containing sillimanite crystallizedduring a previous regional HT/LP metamorphism, fibrolite systematicallynucleates at the grain boundaries of sillimanite prisms andwithin plagioclase crystals. Ternary feldspar thermometry showsthat plagioclase in contact with sillimanite plots along the750°C solvus that reflects near-equilibrium conditions ofregional metamorphism. Plagioclase containing fibrolite plotscloser towards the 950°C solvus, reflecting the tendencyof plagioclase to re-equilibrate at high temperature duringpyrometamorphism by a fibrolite-forming reaction:     

燕山地区褶皱冲断带和盆地中的晚侏罗世土城子组/后城组形成分析（英文）

高级变质-深熔作用中伴随有熔体的形成,在缺失流体的不一致熔融条件下,如果熔体的萃取不完全,原地结晶熔体与残留体之间可发生特殊的退变反应———逆(熔)反应,这种反应与进变质脱水熔融恰好相反。逆(熔)反应的最佳判断标志就是在浅色体和早期深熔过程中形成的不一致熔融相之间含水矿物组合的生长。逆(熔)反应形成的退变组合是深熔作用过程的一部分,而不是另外期次的变质事件叠加。逆(熔)反应的地质意义在于它可能会影响到熔体和流体组成、流体-岩石的相互作用以及对质量平衡的研究,尤其是对p-T路径恢复的影响,从而影响到构造和热流模型的推断。