花岗岩酸岩作用反应动力学研究

化学刺激能够改善增强型地热系统(EGS)热储层裂隙连通情况、提高裂隙渗透率。本文以EGS热储化学刺激为出发点,开展土酸体系-花岗岩作用实验,总结实验规律,明确了酸岩作用机理,建立多矿物耦合反应动力学模型并获取重要参数。得出以下结论:土酸中HF浓度越高,对花岗岩的溶蚀率和溶蚀速率就越大,但更易产生二次沉淀;酸液中离子的浓度与不同矿物溶蚀存在对应关系,Na⁺和K⁺分别来自于钠长石和伊利石,Al³⁺和硅来自长石类和黏土类矿物,Ca²⁺前期来自方解石,后期受钙长石和氟石影响;土酸-花岗岩反应为双重机制控制下的动力学反应;HF机制下的矿物溶解反应速率常数数量级约为10^-4～10^-5,比中性机制下的矿物的溶解速率提高了约9个数量级。研究结果可以为EGS储层化学刺激工作提供理论支持。     

Minimal alteration of montmorillonite following long-term interaction with natural alkaline groundwater: Implications for geological disposal of radioactive waste

Bentonite is one of the more safety-critical components of the engineered barrier system in the disposal concepts developed for many types of radioactive waste. Bentonite is utilised because of its favourable properties which include plasticity, swelling capacity, colloid filtration, low hydraulic conductivity, high retardation of key radionuclides and stability in geological environments of relevance to waste disposal. However, bentonite is unstable under the highly alkaline conditions induced by Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC: initial porewater pH > 13) and this has driven interest in using low alkali cements (initial porewater pH9-11) as an alternative to OPC. To build a robust safety case for a repository for radioactive wastes, it is important to have supporting natural analogue data to confirm understanding of the likely long-term performance of bentonite in these lower alkali conditions. In Cyprus, the presence of natural bentonite in association with natural alkaline groundwater permits the zones of potential bentonite/alkaline water reaction to be studied as an analogy of the potential reaction between low alkali cement leachates and the bentonite buffer in the repository. Here, the results indicate that a cation diffusion front has moved some metres into the bentonite whereas the bentonite reaction front is restricted to a few millimetres into the clay. This reaction front shows minimal reaction of the bentonite (volumetrically, less than 1% of the bentonite), with production of a palygorskite secondary phase following reaction of the primary smectites over time periods of 10⁵–10⁶ years.     

Controls on the mechanisms of fluid infiltration and front advection during regional metamorphism: a stable isotope and textural study of retrograde Dalradian rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands

Vein-controlled retrograde infiltration of H₂O-CO₂ fluids into Dalradian epidote amphibolite facies rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands under greenschist facies conditions resulted in alteration of calcite-rich marble bands to dolomite and spatially associated ¹⁸O enrichment of about 10%. on a scale of metres. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the retrograde fluid was an H₂O-salt mixture with a low CO₂ content, and that the temperature of the fluid was about 400d? C. Detailed petrographic and textural (backscattered electron imaging) studies at one garnet-grade locality show that advection of fluid into marbles proceeded by a calcite-calcite grain edge flow mechanism, while alteration of non-carbonate wall-rock is associated with veinlets and microcracks. Stable isotopic analysis of carbonates from marble bands provides evidence for advection of isotopic fronts through carbonate wall-rocks perpendicular to dolomite veins, and fluid fluxes in the range 2.4–28.6 m³/m² have been computed from measured advection distances. Coincidence of isotope and reaction fronts is considered to result from reaction-enhanced kinetics of isotope exchange at the reaction front. Front advection distances are related to the proportion of calcite to quartz in each marble band, with the largest advection distance occurring in nearly pure calcite matrix. This relationship indicates that fluid flow in carbonates is only possible along fluid-calcite-calcite grain edges. However, experimental constraints on dihedral angles in calcite-fluid systems require that pervasive infiltration occurred in response to calcite dissolution initiated at calcite-calcite grain junctions rather than to an open calcite pore geometry. The regional extent of the retrograde infiltration event has been documented from the high δ¹⁸O of dolomite-ankerite carbonates from veins and host-rocks over an area of least 50 × 50 km in the SW Scottish Highlands. Isotopically exotic ¹⁸O-rich retrograde fluids have moved rapidly upwards through the crust, inducing isotopic exchange and mineral reaction in wall-rocks only where lithology, pore geometry or mineral solubilities, pressure and temperature have been appropriate for pervasive infiltration to occur.     

Reaction pathways during the progressive deformation of a blueschist metabasite: the role of chemical disequilibrium and restricted range equilibrium

Abstract There are discrete masses of un-deformed metabasite within the blueschist series of the island of Syros. Greece. Around the margins of these masses are zonal sequences through rocks showing intracrystalline deformation but without a geometric fabric, to rocks with discrete and anastomosing shear zones, and finally to penetratively foliated rocks with isolated relics of the original undeformed texture. Textural relics suggest that this spatial sequence is at least qualitatively also a temporal sequence.
This progressive shear zone deformation took place concurrently with a glaucophane-epidote to eclogite reaction. The reaction pathways in the rocks that underwent the shear zone deformation can be compared with those in rocks of a similar composition that suffered a longer deformation history and show no relics of an undeformed parent. Although the final assemblages are in both cases the same, the pathways are different. These differences are in part related to reactions promoted by the change from local to bulk equilibrium on the onset of deformation in the rocks. They are also related to the crystallization and later breakdown during the sequence of progressive equilibration of a metastable phase, in this case an impure glaucophane.     

声子在硅酸盐熔体缔合反应中的作用

本文采用量子统计方法，得到了声子熵的计算公式和初步结果，同时还提出在硅酸盐熔体两种阴离子结构团的缔合反应中，声学支声子所提供的声子熵起了重要作用。     

晋蒙交界孔兹岩系熔体参与变质反应的结构特征及其动力学意义

晋蒙交界孔兹岩系变质反应结构与矿物相转变机制研究结果表明,在麻粒岩相变质及其与之相伴随的重熔作用过程中,存在一类特殊的有熔体参与的变质反应,即未熔矿物与熔体之间的反应。结合天然块状岩石高温高压实验,确定研究区孔兹岩系熔体参与变质反应如下：①２Ｇｔ＋（９ＳｉＯ２＋４Ａｌ２Ｏ３）熔体＝３Ｃｒｄ;②Ｇｔ＋（２ＳｉＯ２＋２Ａｌ２Ｏ３）熔体＝Ｓｐ＋Ｃｒｄ;③２Ｇｔ＋（３ＳｉＯ２）熔体＝２Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｒｄ;④１４Ｇｔ＋（２５ＳｉＯ２＋４Ｈ２Ｏ）熔体＝４Ｃｕｍ＋７Ｃｒｄ。这类熔体参与变质反应不仅受控于温压条件,而且与寄主岩石脱水熔融、长英质矿物部分熔融存在密切成因关系。该项理论与实验研究对于深化变质反应理论、探讨孔兹岩系矿物相转变成因机制及其动力学过程有着重要的意义。     

海-气间化学物质交换通量的研究

从以下几个方面简要分析了海—气间化学物质交换通量的参数化研究情况：如果不考虑物质间的化学反应,经典的通量—梯度关系（Ｋ理论）可用于估计从大气进入海表面的物质通量。在有化学反应的情形下,应根据化学反应速度与湍流交换速度的相对大小对Ｋ理论做修正;已知海表面的物质浓度和物质的沉降速度,可由二者的乘积来估计通量的大小。降水对大气中物质的清除作用是很大的,如何对降水的物理过程进行参数化,直接影响到对湿沉降通量的估计;计算海—气间气体交换通量的一种方法是利用界面两侧的分压差和气体转移系数。这两个参数都可能造成通量估计的不确定性。     

三角帆蚌对化学物质刺激的行为反应

本文测试了三角帆蚌对不同浓度的十种化学物质刺激发生的喷水反应率,研究其化学感受敏感性。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,敏感性随浓度变大而提高。同一条件下,敏感度大小排序为:H2SO4>NaOH>乙酸>NH4Cl>NaCl>曙红>CaCl2>赖氨酸>葡萄糖/可溶淀粉。     

混凝土碱-集料反应

碱-集料反应是影响混凝土结构耐久性的主要因素之一,由于其破坏的严重性和难以修复性,被称为混凝土的“癌症”.介绍了碱-集料反应的分类、作用机理、影响因素以及预防措施.     

丙烯酸三溴苯酯新合成方法的研究

设计了一种新的合成路线。采取先加成后消除的两步法,使产率大幅度提高,总产率达90％,并经过条件实验,确定了最佳反应条件,选择了较理想的后处理方法,使制备工艺简单易行。