湖南若水地区钾镁煌斑岩

我们首次在湖南发现了钾镁煌斑岩。这套岩石由于遭受强烈风化和蚀变,与典型的西澳钾镁煌斑岩相比,其K_2O和MgO含量明显偏低,Al_2O_3含量偏高。REE含量、金云母成分及以金云母作为主要载体的元素(如Rb、Ba、Ti、Sc、Zn、Ga和Nb等)都与西澳的钾镁煌斑岩基本一致,此外高度富集LREE和U,Th、Nb、Ta、Zr等不相容元素,并有高的δ~(18)O‰值,表明形成这套岩石的上地幔源区受到了软流圈的交代作用。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

由于受到铌、锆的质谱干扰,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）很难准确测定土壤和水系沉积物中的银。本文采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法（ICP-MS/MS）,通过研究⁹³Nb¹⁶O⁺、⁹¹Zr¹⁶OH₂⁺、⁹²Zr¹⁶OH⁺和¹⁰⁹Ag⁺在氦气、氧气和氨气中质谱信号变化,探讨不同碰撞/反应模式的干扰消除能力和消除机理。实验采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,选用氦气MS/MS模式、氧气MS/MS模式、氨气MS/MS模式、氨气Mass-Shift模式测定土壤和水系沉积物中的银含量。结果表明：在优化池气体流速后,四种模式下铌、锆对银的干扰程度分别降低20、1500、1500和2000多倍;方法检出限分别为0.005mg/kg、0.002mg/kg、0.003mg/kg和0.003mg/kg;准确度和精密度采用国家标准物质验证,测定值和标准值的相对误差分别在-1.4%~84.3%、-7.6%~7.2%、-15.0%~10.0%和-12.5%~8.6%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别在1.5%~6.3%、1.4%~8.3%、1.4%~5.9%和0.7%~8.2%之间。氦气MS/MS模式消除干扰能力一般,仅适合测定铌、锆干扰较轻的样品;氧气MS/MS模式、氨气MS/MS模式、氨气Mass-Shift模式消除质谱干扰能力较强,可用于土壤和水系沉积物中痕量银的测定。与行业标准DZ/T 0279.11—2016相比,这三种方法检出限更低、测定范围更宽,并可实现多元素同时测定。

     

钯—二安替比林对溴苯基甲烷—钒体系阻抑动力学光度法测定微量钯

在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中,微量Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）能阻抑二安替比林对溴苯基甲烷（ＤＡｐＢＭ）与Ｖ（Ⅴ）的显色反应,阻抑程度与Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）量呈线性相关。据此建立了测定微量Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的新方法。方法检测限为５６．０μｇ／Ｌ,测定范围为０．０～４８０．０μｇ／ＬＰｄ（Ⅱ）。阻抑反应的表观活化能为８６．７２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,表观速率常数为５．５７×１０－４／ｓ,反应终止后至少稳定２４ｈ。试样的加标回收率为９１．７％～１０１％（ｎ＝４）。该法用于ｗ（Ｐｄ）在１０－３水平的冶金产品和催化剂中钯的测定,结果与原子吸收法测定结果相符,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）在２．８％～３．３％。     

海洋平台上储油罐地震反应计算

海洋平台上储罐的设计和计算以往都采用陆地上储罐的计算方法,这与实际情况有很大差别,也有人将储罐和内储液做为整个刚体来进行动力分析,这显然也是不合适的。本文将储罐及平台的结构体系简化成双自由度体系,用反应谱方法计算其地震反应,并建议了适合工程计算的简化方法。     

Two-stage decompression in orthopyroxene–sillimanite granulites from Forefinger Point, Enderby Land, Antarctica: implications for the evolution of the Archaean Napier Complex

Magnesian metapelites of probable Archaean age from Forefinger Point, SW Enderby Land, East Antarctica, contain very-high-temperature granulite facies mineral assemblages, which include orthopyroxene (8–9.5 wt% Al₂O₃)–sillimanite ± garnet ± quartz ± K-feldspar, that formed at 10 ± 1.5 kbar and 950 ± 50°C. These assemblages are overprinted by symplectite and corona reaction textures involving sapphirine, orthopyroxene (6–7 wt% Al₂O₃), cordierite and sometimes spinel at the expense of porphyroblastic garnet or earlier orthopyroxene–sillimanite. These textures mainly pre-date the development of coarse biotite at the expense of initial mesoperthite, and the subsequent formation of orthopyroxene (4–6 wt% Al₂O₃)–cordierite–plagioclase rinds on late biotite.
The early reaction textures indicate a period of near-isothermal decompression at temperatures above 900°C. Decompression from 10 ± 1.5 kbar to 7–8 kbar was succeeded by biotite formation at significantly lower temperatures (800–850°C) and further decompression to 4.5 ± 1 kbar at 700–800°C.
The later parts of this P–T evolution can be ascribed to the overprinting and reworking of the Forefinger Point granulites by the Late-Proterozoic ( c . 1000 Ma) Rayner Complex metamorphism, but the age and timing of the early high-temperature decompression is not known. It is speculated that this initial decompression is of Archaean age and therefore records thinning of the crust of the Napier Complex following crustal thickening by tectonic or magmatic mechanisms and preceding the generally wellpreserved post-deformational near-isobaric cooling history of this terrain.     

The transfer matrix method applied to steel sheet pile walls

This paper proposes two subgrade reaction models for the analysis of steel sheet pile walls based on the transfer matrix method. In the first model a plastic hinge is generated when the maximum moment in the retaining structure is exceeded. The second model deals with a beam with an asymmetrical cross‐section that can bend in two directions. In the first part of this paper the transfer matrix method is explained on the basis of a simple example. Further the development of two computer models is described: Plaswall and Skewwall. The second part of this paper deals with an application of both models. In the application of Plaswall the effect of four current earth pressure theories to the subgrade reaction method is compared to a finite element calculation. It is shown that the earth pressure theory is of major importance on the calculation result of a sheet pile wall both with and without a plastic hinge. In the application of Skewwall the effectiveness of structural measures to reduce oblique bending is investigated. The results are compared to a 3D finite element calculation. It is shown that with simple structural measures the loss of structural resistance due to oblique bending can be reduced. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乙烯底油HK～200℃馏分的催化聚合生产汽油工艺条件研究

介绍了以乙烯底油的HK～200℃馏分油为原料，用一种新配方的三氯化铝催化剂进行催化聚合，制取优质汽油的方法；对催化聚合反应的工艺条件进行了大量的实验研究，探索出生产中各种最佳的工艺参数．为中小型石油化工企业提供了一条经济效益显著的乙烯底油的综合利用途径。     

The effects of stress on reactions in the Earth: Sometimes rather mean,usually normal,always important

Stress affects chemical processes on all scales in the Earth but the magnitude of its effect is debated. Here, I give a new synthesis of the theory that describes the effects of stress on chemistry, elaborating upon work in Materials Science which is built from fundamental thermodynamic laws, and show its significance in Earth Science. There are separate but compatible relationships describing what happens (1) at interfaces and (2) within grains. (1) The main chemical effects of stress in the Earth are due to variations in normal stress along grain interfaces and between interfaces with different orientations. For reactions involving diffusion these variations give effects on mineral stability broadly equivalent to pressure changes of (molar volume)/(molar volume change during reaction) × (stress variation). The volume ratio is generally large and so the effects of normal stress variations are always important since all stressed rocks have interfaces supporting different normal stresses. There is no global chemical equilibrium in a stressed system, so reaction kinetics contribute to ongoing evolution until stresses relax: this evolution can include deformation by diffusion creep and pressure solution, possibly with new mineral growth. These effects are relevant for predicting the conditions for reactions involving fluids, such as serpentinite formation and breakdown (relevant for the Earth's volatile cycles) and for other reactions such as ringwoodite breakdown (relevant for understanding the 660 km mantle discontinuity). (2) Within stressed solid solution grains it is not possible to define chemical potentials of all chemical components since one has to be specified as “immobile.” The chemical potential of a “mobile” component such as an exchange vector can be defined. It depends on the “partial molar strain,” a second rank tensor defining the variation in unit cell geometry with composition. In cubic crystals the partial molar strain is isotropic and the chemical potential of a mobile component depends on mean stress. In other crystal systems the partial molar strain is anisotropic and the chemical potential depends on a “weighted” mean stress; orientation as well as magnitude of stress has an influence. I propose “chemical palaeopiezometry”—the possibility of measuring past stress levels via chemistry. Examples show that stress variations in hundreds of MPa to GPa are required to produce 2% variations in composition but high stresses and/or precise chemical analyses will allow this proposal to be tested. High stresses around inclusions and dislocations could be targeted. So, the weighted mean stress inside grains has an effect which is relatively minor although potentially valuable in explaining chemical variations; the normal stress at interfaces plays the main role in chemical processes and its effects are of significant magnitude.     

双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂的合成与表征

以三氟甲基磺酰氯为原料,经胺化、成盐、酸碱中和、复分解置换反应合成了无水双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂。通过研究温度、溶剂、反应时间、氨气通入速率等对反应产率的影响,优化了三氟甲基磺酰胺与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺钾的合成条件。得到三氟甲基磺酰胺的最优合成条件为以乙腈为溶剂,氨气通入速度为0.8 m L/min,反应时间为1 h,反应温度为-10~-5℃;双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺钾的最优合成条件为反应时间3 h,反应温度-10~-5℃。利用FT-IR、13C-NMR和ICP对中间产物与最终产物进行了表征。双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂的产率为72.65%。