编组站线路的综合选取原则及自动化处理方法

编组站是铁路枢纽的核心,是车辆集散和解编基地,线路复杂度极高。囿于编组站数量较少,国内外文献中鲜见探讨其综合选取策略与方法的文章,而大量有关道路的研究成果又不适用。本文在分析编组站结构特性和拓扑特性的基础上,首先精练出6种地图特征：断头弧、同节点弧、相似弧、网眼弧、平行弧和主干弧;提出了适合编组站综合选取的3项基本原则;然后设计了自动化处理方法;最后用实际数据测试验证了这些基本原则的合理性和方法的有效性。     

关于金刚石钻头底出刃锐化处理的试验研究

在我国固体矿产地质勘探中,金刚石钻进是一种主要的钻进方法。金刚石钻进时,破碎岩石是靠镶在钻头胎体中的金刚石底出刃完成的。随着钻孔的加深和孔底岩石的破碎,金刚石底出刃被磨损,直接影响机械钻速和钻头进尺,直至钻头报废。因此对钻头金刚石出刃磨锐问题,应该给予充分注意。俄罗斯Спирин В.И.教授等利用电化学原理对钻头底出刃进行锐化处理,以提高机械钻速和钻头进尺,基于此原理研制了野外用轻便式电化学锐化处理金刚石钻头的设备,工程应用验证,取得了很好的技术经济效果。     

Microseismic Event Detection Kalman Filter: Derivation of the Noise Covariance Matrix and Automated First Break Determination for Accurate Source Location Estimation

Since 1972, Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants (WJEC) has been involved in the development and installation of microseismic monitoring systems for the mining, heavy construction and oil/gas industries. To be of practical value in an industrial environment, microseismic monitoring systems must produce information which is both reliable and timely. The most critical parameters obtained from a microseismic monitoring system are the real-time location and magnitude of the seismic events. Location and magnitude are derived using source location algorithms that typically utilize forward modeling and iterative optimal estimation techniques to determine the location of the global minimum of a predefined cost function in a three-dimensional solution space. Generally, this cost function is defined as the RMS difference between measured seismic time series information and synthetic measurements generated by assuming a velocity structure for the area under investigation (forward modeling). The seismic data typically used in the source location algorithm includes P- and S-wave arrival times, and raypath angles of incidence obtained from P-wave hodogram analysis and P-wave first break identification. In order to obtain accurate and timely source location estimates it is of paramount importance that the extraction of accurate P-wave and S-wave information from the recorded time series be automated—in this way consistent data can be made available with minimal delay. WJEC has invested considerable resources in the development of real-time digital filters to optimize extraction, and this paper outlines some of the enhancements made to existing Kalman Filter designs to facilitate the automation of P-wave first break identification.     

Space–time multiresolution atomistic visualization of MgO and MgSiO3 liquid data

First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of complex material systems such as geophysically relevant oxide and silicate liquids produce massive amounts of time-varying three-dimensional data for the atomic configurations. Given the high accuracy of these data, it is desirable to extract as much information hidden in the data as possible. In this paper, we elaborate on our recently proposed scheme to support interactive visualization at space–time multiresolution of the atomistic simulation data. Instead of just focusing on direct rendering of the given data, additional data (containing more quantitative and qualitative information) that usually have to be extracted by some other means are extracted and rendered on the fly. This allows us to gain better insight into the global as well as local spatio-temporal behavior of the data in the context of bonding, radial distribution, atomic coordination, clustering, structural stability and distortion, and diffusion. We illustrate such visualization for the simulation data on the liquid phases of MgO and MgSiO₃—the two most abundant components of Earth’s mantle. Our analysis shows that the structure and dynamics of both liquids change substantially with compression, with no discernible effects of temperature in most cases.     

射线层析静校正

在地形起伏剧烈和表层速度横向变化较大的地区,做好野外静校正是取得高质量叠加剖面的重要一步,而确定表层低速带速度是做好静校正的关键。常规的方法在复杂近地表条件下很难求得正确的低速带速度和静校正量。国内外现在都利用层析成像技术由初至波的到达时反演表层低速带速度并求得静校正量。作者在查阅相关的资料后对层析静校正中确定表层低速带速度结构环节中的射线追踪分类作一总结。     

韩城矿区兴隆煤矿开采11~#煤层底板突水分析

通过韩城矿区兴隆煤矿水文地质补充勘探的成果,对煤矿内与11煤层开采密切的奥陶系岩性组合及水文地质条件进行了分析,认为煤矿内奥灰水具弱富水性特征;煤层底板到奥陶系顶板之间的岩性以铝土质泥岩为主,分布普遍,连续性好,为很好的隔水层;奥陶系峰峰组一段在煤矿范围内厚度稳定、分布连续,岩性组合以泥灰岩、泥云岩等难溶岩为主,对于下部上马家沟组二段含水层进入矿坑起到阻隔作用,可以作为煤矿开采11#煤层的保护层。在此基础上进行了煤矿的突水系数计算及分区,发现突水系数小于0.06MPa/m安全区的面积占到11#煤层可采面积的90%,资源量为3938万吨,占11#煤层总资源量4 228.07的93%,11#煤层的绝大部分得到解放。同时对带压开采11#煤层提出了合理的建设性意见。     

新西兰兄弟潜火山中“蓝黏土”的呈色机理研究及地质意义

新西兰克马德克弧上发育一热液活动极为活跃的海底潜火山——兄弟火山,为了研究该地区热液成矿模式,IODP376科学家于2018年5~7月在火山口选取了5个位置进行了钻探工作,并获得数百米岩芯。其中U1530A号钻孔采样深度为453.1 mbsf（meter below sea floor）,共揭露76.77 m岩芯,部分呈现出一种蓝色调,被前人称作“蓝黏土”。为了查明其致色矿物、研究呈色机理及其地质意义,笔者等利用XRD、DR-UV-Vis、SEM、TEM对16.97-309.22 mbsf的11个样品进行了分析测试。根据测试结果可以将样品的矿物组合大致分为两类：①伊利石+绿泥石+殴泊-C+黄铁矿+硬石膏+石英±蓝铁矿;②叶蜡石+伊利石+石英±蓝铁矿。SEM和TEM形貌观察结果显示,蓝铁矿并不具有完好的晶形,甚至未发现微米级及以上尺寸的单颗粒,而仅以基质或胶结物形式均匀分布在样品中,最终导致样品被染色而呈现出不同色调的蓝色。蓝铁矿在IODP样品中的发现指示着研究区热液流体具有低温及还原性特征,且在蓝铁矿形成后也仍然保持着相对还原的环境而使得蓝铁矿能够稳定存在。     

榆神矿区首采煤层及上覆岩层工程地质特征

榆神矿区是陕北大型煤炭基地的重要组成部分,区内煤炭资源丰富。近年来,该矿区煤炭开发与生态环境、地质环境的矛盾日益突出。通过分析榆神矿区首采煤层分布、厚度、埋深及其上覆岩层的厚度和顶面形态,根据岩石成因、工程地质特征及物理力学性质,将该区岩(土)体划分为4个类型和7个岩组: 松散岩类(沙层组、土层组)、软岩类(风化岩组、煤岩组、烧变岩组)、较软岩类(粉砂岩与泥岩互层岩组)和较坚硬岩类(砂岩组),总结了各岩组的分布、厚度和物理力学特征。结果表明: 矿区煤层顶板多为中等—难冒落型顶板,局部地段属易冒落型顶板; 粉砂岩及细粒砂岩底板属稳定型底板,泥岩底板稳定性差。为指导矿区规划、环境评估及煤炭开发提供依据,对切实转变陕西煤炭发展方式、促进生态环境友好型矿山的发展具有积极意义。     

珊溪水库地震小震震源机制解特征研究

利用P波初动和直达P、S波最大速度振幅比联合求解小震震源机制的方法求出珊溪水库ML2.0以上地震的震源机制,得到了珊溪水库震源机制各参数时空特征如下:主压应力为SN向,主张应力为EW向,应力主要为水平应力,发震断层倾角较大且多为走滑断层。在个别4级左右地震前P轴方位都有偏离再恢复的现象。在北纬27.65°～27.69°间,P轴方位集中在0°±30°或者180°±30°,节面走向集中在45°±15°或者135°±15°。震源深度大于4km的地震倾角多集中在70°～90°度之间。