PARAMETER AND VARIANCE ESTIMATION IN GEOTECHNICAL BACKANALYSIS USING PRIOR INFORMATION

A probabilistic framework to perform inverse analysis of geotechnical problems is presented. The formulation allows the incorporation of existing prior information on the parameters in a consistent way. The method is based on the maximum likelihood approach that allows a straightforward introduction of the error structure of field measurements and prior information. The difficulty of ascribing definite values to the uncertainties associated with the various types of observations is overcome by including the corresponding variances in the set of parameters to be identified. The inverse analysis results in a minimization problem that is solved by coupling the optimization technique to the finite element method. Two examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the method. The first one corresponds to a synthetic case simulating the excavation of a tunnel. Young's modulus, K₀ value and measurements variances are identified. The second case concerns the excavation of a large underground cavern in which again Young's modulus and K₀ are identified. It is shown that introduction of prior information permits the estimation of parameters more consistent with all available informations that include not only monitored displacements but also results from in situ tests carried out during the site investigation stage.     

FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR LAND DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO PUMPING

Equations of equilibrium (force balance) and flow in multidimensions were coupled in this paper to describe land displacements due to pressure decline in aquifers. A Galerkin finite element model based on these equations was developed. The saturated/unsaturated behaviour and the isotropic/anisotropic properties of permeability and elasticity were considered when the model was formulated. This model was verified by comparing its simulation results with those of known analytical solutions for simplified cases. The simulation of displacements due to pressure decline in unsaturated media was also performed. Those results demonstrated that the choice of boundary ranges for an aquifer with infinite domain may significantly affect the estimated horizontal and vertical displacements. To obtain a good estimation of land displacements, the boundary ranges should be carefully chosen. The displacements occurring in unconfined aquifers are caused by the drop of the water table and the change in body force in the dewatering zone. Simulation results also indicated that the change in body force should be considered once an unconfined aquifer has been pumped. Otherwise, the horizontal and vertical displacements in unconfined aquifers would be overestimated and underestimated, respectively. The behaviour of land displacements due to pumping was shown to be affected by changes in the total stresses in aquifers.     

超声回弹综合法检测单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率分析

在实际工程检测数据的基础上,利用M on te C arlo试验对单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率问题进行了分析。30片梁板实测数据分析结果表明:将构件各测区混凝土强度换算值的最小值作为该构件的混凝土强度推定值的保证率范围为79.0%~94.2%,小于《超声回弹综合法检测混凝土强度技术规程》(CECS 02:88)规定的95%保证率要求,因此,对结构性能鉴定而言该混凝土强度推定值是偏于不安全的,应引起试验检测人员的充分重视。     

浅圆沉积谷地对瑞雷波的散射--高频解

利用波函数展开法给出了浅圆沉积谷地对瑞雷波散射的一个高频解析解,并分析了入射频率、沉积谷地宽度和深度等因素对波散射的影响. 数值结果表明,由于沉积谷地的影响, 在入射波的近端,地表位移分布变得相对复杂,但位移幅值并不大;而在入射波远端,地表位移分布相对简单,但位移幅值却相对较大,多数情况下高于沉积地表位移幅值.      

位移测量反演分析的解算模型与应用

利用现场位移测量资料反演分析是进行洞室围岩稳定分析和了解岩体介质中洞室的力学性状与设计参数的一种新手段。阐述了位移测量反演分析的基本思路、解算模型、成果检验等,并用计算实例说明了其有效性。     

利用GPS观测的时间序列资料反演地壳地幔黏性结构

地球介质的黏度是地球动力学研究中的重要参数. 在考虑震后震源区介质物性变化的情况下,本文提出利用GPS观测的时间序列资料反演地壳、地幔黏度的方法. 计算中,将遗传算法与Marquardt法相结合,利用遗传算法搜索结果作为Marquardt法反演的初始模型,运用微扰法形成Jacobian矩阵. 根据余震分布及地震波速度变化确定震源区的范围及介质的物性变化情况,利用黏弹性有限单元模型（Maxwell体）及台湾集集地震后GPS观测的时间序列数据,反演了台湾地区地壳、地幔的黏性系数. 反演计算及数值实验表明,该方法反演黏度的效率高,稳定性好. 反演结果初步显示台湾地区的地壳、地幔的黏度分别为12×1018Pa·s和36×1019 Pa·s.     

叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用

地震属性分析技术一直是地震特殊处理和解释的主要研究内容.随着油气勘探开发的发展,地震属性分析技术已经成为油藏地球物理研究的核心内容,是勘探地震与开发地震之间纽带.本文针对鄂尔多斯盆地的低幅度构造、低孔隙、低渗透率、致密性隐蔽油气藏的特点,综合应用相干数据体分析、地震相自动分类定性识别砂体厚度、地震振幅属性分析、频谱分解、多井约束的储层叠后反演等叠后属性分析技术,探索了一套适合该区油气特征的储层横向预测及油气识别模式.为该区油气勘探开发,储量计算提供可靠依据.同时也为隐蔽性油气藏的勘探开发积累了经验.     

方位各向异性粘弹性介质波场数值模拟

当地震信号通过复杂地球介质时,地层除了表现为各向异性,还表现为内在的粘弹性特征.因此,为准确描述地震波在地球介质中的传播特征,理想的地球介质模型应该能够模拟岩石的各向异性特征和衰减特征.本文给出了各向异性粘弹性介质模型的波动方程及其差分格式,并利用有限差分法实现了地震波波场数值模拟.结果表明了该介质模型中地震波场特征与各向异性主轴方位和介质的粘滞性参数之间的关系.     

非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟--Ⅰ分析原理和方法

本文将随机振动的虚拟激励原理与工程波动理论散射问题的求解方法相结合,建立了开放系统中非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动随机场的数值模拟方法。该方法将随机输入下的波动分析问题转换为多个虚拟激励下的确定性波动分析组合问题,从而可以方便地获得场地波动观测量之间的谱密度矩阵,进而计算给出工程场地的地震动相干函数。本文还用数值模拟的办法对所提出方法的合理性和稳定性进行了探讨。     

立式储罐与地基相互作用动力特性分析

立式储罐结构在工程实际中得到广泛的应用。本文以某大型立式储罐结构为例,考虑到液体、结构、地基的相互作用与影响,同时考虑地基与结构及液体与结构的耦合问题,采用有限元方法对浮放在地基上的储罐结构进行了自振特性计算。分别计算了满罐和空罐时系统的频率以及所对应的振型图,并研究了储罐的材料参数和地基刚度对动力特性的影响。结果表明:材料参数的影响较小,地基刚度的影响较大,对盛满液体与空罐的影响不同。