吉林省药用赋形剂膨润土资源的优选研究

对吉林省九台，小梨河，净月潭和露水河等产地的膨润土进行了质量优选研究。根据膨润土类型，蒙脱石含量，理化性能和浸出试验结果，发现净月潭灰白色钙基膨润土的品质最优，其次最小梨河浅黄色膨润土。     

Modeling of flowing film concentrators: Part 1. Water split behaviour

A large number of mineral processing equipment employs the basic principles of gravity concentration in a flowing fluid of a few millimetres thick in small open channels where the particles are distributed along the flow height based on their physical properties and the fluid flow characteristics. Fluid flow behaviour and slurry transportation characteristics in open channels have been the research topic for many years in many engineering disciplines. However, the open channels used in the mineral processing industries are different in terms of the size of the channel and the flow velocity used. Understanding of water split behaviour is, therefore, essential in modeling flowing film concentrators. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the water split behaviour in an inclined open rectangular channel, resembling the actual size and the flow velocity used by the mineral processing industries, based on the Prandtl's mixing length approach.     

Experimental modelling of corona textures

Formation of corona textures along olivine–plagioclase and orthopyroxene–plagioclase interfaces has been experimentally reproduced at 670 and 700 °C and 5 kbar with either a pure H₂O fluid phase or 0.1 and 37 m NaCl–H₂O solution fluid. In these experiments, we investigate the interaction of primary olivine and/or orthopyroxene and plagioclase in powders and polished crystals, and in small samples of a natural gabbro. The experiments result in the formation of corona textures with several layers of different assemblages (according to the experimental conditions) consisting of garnet (grossular), clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, chlorite and phlogopite. The experiments show major differences in the number of layers, the mineral assemblages and mineral composition, and in the trends of composition of plagioclase in coronas around olivine and orthopyroxene. The fluid phase composition influences the corona assemblages and the composition of the minerals in the experimental coronas; for example, garnet appears in the coronas in the second experiment where the NaCl–H₂O ratio is low. Experimental modelling of corona textures confirms a model of simultaneous growth of layers by the mechanism of diffusion metasomatism with participation of a fluid phase through which mass is transferred. Zoning in the experimental coronas shows opposing diffusion of Al and Ca from plagioclase and Mg and Fe from olivine/orthopyroxene; difference in the mobility of the components is inferred from observations in the coronas. The experimental corona textures are compared with natural coronas from the Belomorian belt (Baltic shield), developed at 670–690 °C and 7–8 kbar, and the Marun‐Keu complex (Polar Urals), developed at 670–700 °C and 14–16 kbar, where the corona textures correspond to a transitional stage of the gabbro‐to‐eclogite transformation.     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔自然放射性测井及其解释

为了认识江苏东海超高压变质带上地壳岩石自然放射性的垂向分布特征, 榴辉岩退变质程度对放射性元素浓度的影响, 以及放射性产热率对地温梯度的影响, 利用中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD) 主孔100~5000m自然放射性测井(自然伽马和自然伽马能谱) 资料统计了CCSD主孔各类岩石的自然放射性强度和铀、钍、钾元素的浓度, 计算出产热率曲线.自然伽马, 铀、钍、钾浓度和产热率从蛇纹岩到榴辉岩、角闪岩、副片麻岩、正片麻岩依次增大.随着榴辉岩退变质程度的增强, 其铀、钍、钾元素的浓度值逐渐增大.CCSD主孔自然放射性的垂向分布特征主要受岩性控制, 自然放射性随深度增加有增强趋势.产热率与自然伽马测井值之间有很好的线性关系, 在高放射性岩层的上部, 地温梯度会出现较强扰动和低值异常.      

考虑卸荷效应钻孔灌注桩孔径时空变化规律研究

对上海地区某实际工程的钻孔灌注桩试成孔进行成孔测试,首先,统计分析测试所得孔径数据,得出了钻孔灌注桩考虑成孔卸荷效应的孔径随时间及空间的变化规律,孔径缩小量与时间呈正相关,且缩小幅度逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定;不同土层的孔径变化量不同,黏聚力c越小,内摩擦角φ越大,孔壁稳定性就越差,表现为该土层的孔径变化量越大。其次,采用科学合理的拟合公式对不同土层孔径变化进行拟合,拟合度较高,能够真实反映出孔径变化的特点和规律。最后,基于Kelvin模型,运用弹性理论,结合拟合公式,推导出更符合实际的孔径变化公式和反映孔壁稳定性的公式,并合理地解释了不同土层稳定性存在差异的原因。得出的结论对上海地区的成孔施工质量控制具有重要的价值。     

喷灌条件下土壤水分空间分布特性研究

分别在火山灰土和砂壤土两种土壤上进行了不同喷灌均匀系数和灌水量的土壤水分空间分布试验。对土壤干容重空间分布规律的研究表明,干容重在空间的随机分布可用正态分布来表示。为了确定喷灌洒水量和土壤含水率的空间结构,分别计算了它们的半方差和自相关函数。结果指出,喷灌洒水量的相关距离为h～6m,该距离随风速呈增大趋势;灌水停止4h后的土壤含水率的相关距离为5～6m,喷灌均匀系数对该距离无明显影响。田间试验还表明,喷灌洒水在土壤中的分布要比其在地表的分布均匀得多,土壤水分空间分布的均匀性主要取决于土壤初始含水率的均匀程度和灌水量。     

鄂尔多斯盆地浅层大位移水平井钻井液体系优选

针对鄂尔多斯盆地浅层水平井钻井过程中的井壁稳定、井眼清洁、润滑减阻和储层保护的技术难题,通过分析储层的地质特征,在该区原用聚合物钻井液基础上,选择性加入MC-VIS、ABSN、纳米乳液和复合屏蔽暂堵剂,形成纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系,在保证施工安全的前提下,可将岩心渗透率恢复提高至8350%。通过七平1井的应用表明,纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系能够满足低渗透油层大位移水平井的钻井施工需求,为高效开发鄂尔多斯盆地浅层油气藏提供技术支持。     

波浪作用下黄河口粉土液化与“铁板砂”形成机制的模拟试验研究

通过室内水槽试验,观测波浪作用下土体产生的振荡现象,分析土体内孔隙水压力的变化及波浪作用后土体强度变化特征,研究了波浪荷载作用下黄河口粉土粒径粗化和“铁板砂”的形成过程。试验及讨论结果表明：在波浪作用下上层粉土体大部分时间处于液化状态;由液化土形成的振荡土层与下部土层之间形成“W”型的滑动面,振荡土层的厚度随着波浪作用时间的增加而变小;细粒物质从振荡土层中的骨架中脱离进入水体中,并在土体表层形成一层以黏粒为主的絮凝状沉积物,其厚度随波浪作用时间的增加而增加,在土体停止振荡前达到最大值;土体液化是“铁板砂”形成的必要条件,而波浪引起的液化土体振荡则使“铁板砂”的形成成为可能。     

甘肃陇中黄土高原农业灌溉耗水系数监测试验研究

选择甘肃省临洮县洮惠渠灌区为试验研究区,通过直接观读、自动监测等技术手段,获取试验灌区的引水量、退水量、土壤墒情、降水量及蒸发量等水文基础数据。以水文监测基础数据为依据,采用引排差法、水分平衡法等相结合的方法,开展了农业灌溉耗水系数试验研究。初步试验结果表明:试验灌区灌溉期平均耗水系数为0. 730,典型地块灌溉期平均耗水系数为0. 671,2016年试验灌区降水量较常年偏少13. 0%~26. 3%,总体上属轻度干旱年份。该研究成果可为甘肃陇中黄土高原区水资源管理提供技术支撑。     

九江市网纹红土标准贯入击数与力学参数关系分析

针对九江市网纹红土层标准贯入试验实测锤击数与试验孔深、土的压缩模量、抗剪强度关系之间进行了相关性分析。结果表明：网纹红土标准贯入击数与试验孔深为正显著线性相关关系,与土的压缩模量为正弱线性相关关系,与抗剪强度为正弱线性相关关系。分析成果对在九江市开展岩土工程勘察活动具有很好的指导和借鉴意义。