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41.
Rachelle B. Turnier Yaron Katzir Kouki Kitajima Ian J. Orland Michael J. Spicuzza John W. Valley 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(1):53-70
Corundum (Crn), including sapphire, occurs in emery pods surrounded by marble on the island of Naxos, Greece. The emery formed from bauxite deposited in karst that was metamorphosed to 400–700°C at 20–15 Ma. Many of these rocks initially appeared well suited for refractory accessory mineral (RAM) thermometry, which uses oxygen isotope fractionation between a RAM – corundum – and a modally dominant phase with faster diffusion of oxygen – calcite (Cc) – to determine peak metamorphic temperatures. However, previous attempts at oxygen isotope thermometry were confounded by highly variable fractionations (Δ18O) measured at mm-scale and the uncertain calibration of Δ18O(Cc-Crn) versus temperature. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) permits in situ analysis of δ18O in corundum and calcite at the 10-μm scale in adjacent grains where textures suggest peak metamorphic equilibrium was attained. SIMS analyses of adjacent mineral pairs in eight rocks yield values of Δ(Cc-Crn) that systematically decrease from 7.2 to 2.9‰ at higher metamorphic grade. Pairing these data with independent temperature estimates from mineral isograds yields an empirical calibration of 1,000 lnα(Cc-Crn) = 2.72 ± 0.3 × 106/T2 (T in K). The new fractionations (2.7‰ at 1,000 K) are significantly smaller than those calculated from the modified increment method (6.5‰ at 1,000 K; Zheng, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1991, 55:2299–2307; Zheng, Mineral Mag, 1994, 58A:1000–1001), which yield unreasonably high temperatures of 630 to 1,140°C when applied to the new Naxos data. The new calibration of Δ(Cc-Crn) can be combined with published fractionations to calculate A-factors for corundum versus a range of 14 other minerals. These new fractionation factors can be used for thermometry or to constrain the genesis of corundum. A compilation of gem corundum δ18O values shows that many igneous sapphires, including important deposits of basalt-associated sapphire, are mildly elevated in δ18O relative to the calculated range in equilibrium with mantle values (4.4–5.7‰) and formed from evolved magmas. 相似文献
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The origin of an apparently syndeformational chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) and geochemical alteration in a fault zone in the Bristol Channel Basin, southwest England, was investigated. Deformation in the fault zone occurs in Jurassic aged, organic-rich limestones and consists of numerous normal and oblique-slip faults and associated folds. Migration of basinal, radiogenic fluids is indicated by elevated 87Sr/86Sr values for calcite veins that occur throughout the fault zone. Some of the calcite veins contain hydrocarbons sourced from deeper strata. Elevated 87Sr/86Sr values in the host Jurassic limestones indicate that they were also extensively altered by radiogenic fluids that migrated through microfractures in addition to major fault and fracture planes. Folded and tilted host limestones contain a pervasive secondary CRM residing in magnetite that was acquired during deformation in the Tertiary. The association between this pervasive CRM and the pervasive geochemical alteration is consistent with a genetic connection between the orogenic fluids and the CRM although the timing of CRM acquisition (Tertiary) is not consistent with structural interpretations for the timing of most veining. An alternative remagnetization mechanism which is not triggered by externally derived fluids, such as diagenesis of hydrocarbons, might account for the CRM. Hydrocarbon-bearing veins also contain a CRM that resides in magnetite, although the time for remanence acquisition is not well constrained by field tests. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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João Paulo B. Gomes Rodrigo B. Bunevich Sandra N. Tonietto Daisy B. Alves Julice F. Santos Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309
Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits. 相似文献
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纤维水镁石是一种独特的天然氢氧化物矿物纤维,具有增强增韧和耐高温阻燃等特点,被广泛应用于建筑、阻燃和造纸等领域,将纤维水镁石应用于高附加值产品中具有重要的经济意义,而纤维水镁石的应用与其矿物学特征密切相关。陕西汉中黑木林纤维水镁石矿是目前全球范围内储量最大的纤维水镁石矿床,目前对该地区纤维水镁石矿物学特征的研究较少。本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸脱附和热重分析(TGA)等测试方法,对黑木林纤维水镁石进行了矿物学特征测试分析与研究,同时也对热处理后纤维水镁石矿物学特征的变化规律进行了研究,为纤维水镁石的应用提供理论基础,为将其应用于高附加值产品中提供科学依据,从而进一步提高其经济价值。 相似文献
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Three colonies of the erect, robust branching, cheilostome bryozoan Adeonellopsis sp. were collected from Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, to investigate within‐colony variation in carbonate mineralogy. One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐one sections from 9 branches were found to contain mostly aragonite, with calcite ranging from 1.1 to 7.3 wt% (mean ± SD = 2.4 ± 1.2 wt%, n = 120). The magnesium (Mg) content in calcite ranged from 5.3 to 13.1 wt% magnesium carbonate (8.8 ± 1.0 wt% MgCO3; n = 120). Calcite content decreased with increasing age proximally along the branch, indicating that secondary thickening is achieved with aragonite. In contrast, an oscillating trend in Mg content along branches suggests that seasonal or interannual environmental parameters may influence this geochemical parameter. Mineralogical variability highlights the need for multiple samples from the same colony to be measured when determining quantitative carbonate mineralogy in bryozoans. Bimineralic bryozoans such as Adeonellopsis sp. may have lower preservation potential than monomineralic bryozoans, and consequently may not survive diagenesis to become fossils. Bimineralic species may also be more vulnerable to dissolution pressure and possible ocean acidification than monomineralic calcitic taxa. 相似文献
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目的:探讨孤立型纤维性肿瘤的CT及病理学特点,提高对该疾病的诊断水平。方法:结合文献回顾性分析3例经手术病理证实的孤立型纤维性肿瘤的临床、CT及病理学资料。结果:孤立型纤维性肿瘤在临床上可无症状或因肿瘤压迫出现不典型症状。在CT上3例表现为实性肿块,增强后实性部分轻度强化或明显强化。SFT因有完整的包膜,故多为境界清楚的软组织密度肿瘤。结论:CT对SFT确诊价值有限,诊断必须结合既往病史、临床症状,确诊有赖于病理学与免疫组织化学诊断。 相似文献
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