Continuous measurements of stress and temperature during testing of a fibre shotcrete pressure plug

The paper describes an investigation of pressure barriers (plugs) for an underground gas storage facility which were to be constructed from fibre shotcrete. An extensive measurement program on a test plug was carried out to verify the suitability of fibre shotcrete for this purpose. The results of stress and temperature measurements carried out during the construction of the test plug and during cyclic loading of the plug to a water pressure up to 13 MPa are presented. The measurement program provided information on the stress and temperature development inside the plug body during hydration and hardening and also on the residual tensile stresses at the interface between the plug and the rock mass after the end of hydration. Another important output was information on the quality of the plug-rock mass interface, which was critical for a possible leakage. The results obtained during the cyclic loading of the plug revealed uneven stress distribution at the contact and in the adjacent rock mass. It also provided information on the rate of stress redistribution at the contact and inside the rock mass. The results were used to modify the technology of the shotcrete technique to be applied in the final plugs. The gas storage facility using the modified design has been in trial operation since the end of 1998.     

煤矿井巷软弱夹层的变形机理初探

通过对准北诸多煤矿巷道中的软弱夹层的现场观察和室内试验,认为煤矿井巷中软弱夹层的工程特性表现为厚度小,分带性明显,强度低,而夹层矿物成分的不同对巷道工程的危害性差别不大。软弱夹层的变形破坏与其本身的工程特性、地下水的参与、地应力状态的改变密切相关。软弱夹层对巷道锚喷支护十分不利。     

温度变化对深基坑钢管支撑温度效应影响分析

在基坑围护工程中,大量使用内支撑结构体系,在支撑体系中采用最多的是钢管支撑,因为其属于金属材料,温度变化对支撑结构的影响不容忽视。基于弹性热力学基本原理推导出空心圆筒热应力公式,同时考虑了围护墙的侧向水平位移,定量分析变温对基坑钢管支撑轴力影响,实测轴力值及数值解验证了计算公式的正确性。结果表明:解析解大于数值解,且解析解大于实测值,偏于保守,但差值不大可作为设计安全储备,便于工程师在今后设计过程中作为参考实例。     

Comprehensive research on self phase modulation based optical delay systems

This paper comprehensively investigates the properties of self phase modulation based optical delay systems consisting of dispersion compensation fibre and highly nonlinear fibres. It researches into the impacts of power level launched into highly nonlinear fibres, conversion wavelength, dispersion slope, modulation format and optical filter bandwidth on the overall performance of optical delay systems. The results reveal that, if the power launched into highly nonlinear fibres is fixed, the time delay generally varies linearly with the conversion wavelength, but jumps intermittently at some conversion wavelengths. However, the time delay varies semi-periodically with the power launched into highly nonlinear fibres. The dispersion slope of highly nonlinear fibres has significant influence on the time delay, especially for the negative dispersion slope. The time delay differs with modulation formats due to the different combined interaction of nonlinearity and dispersion in fibres. The bandwidth of the optical filters also greatly affects the time delay because it determines the bandwidth of the passed signal in the self phase modulation based time delay systems. The output signal quality of the overall time delay systems depends on the conversion wavelength and input power level. The optimisation of the power level and conversion wavelength to provide the best output signal quality is made at the end of this paper.     

A simple model to predict the effect of volume fraction,diameter, and length of fibres on strength of fibre reinforced brittle matrix composites

A simplified model is presented to predict the strength variations of brittle matrix composites, reinforced by steel fibres, with the variations of fibre parameters—length, diameter and volume fraction. This model predicts that its tensile and flexural strength increase non‐linearly with the fibre volume fraction. It also predicts that similar non‐linear behaviour should be observed with the reduction of the fibre diameter when other parameters are kept constant. The experimental results support both these theoretical predictions. It is also explained why an increase in the fibre length does not always significantly increase the fracture toughness. The objective of this paper is not to explain and understand in great detail the science of all phenomena responsible for the strength increase of fibre reinforced brittle matrix composites, but to provide a simple engineering explanation as to why its strength increases with the fibre addition, and how this increase can be quantitatively related to the variations in fibre parameters—fibre volume fraction, fibre length and diameter. These simplifying steps are needed to provide a tool that the practicing engineers can use to predict the brittle matrix strength variation with the fibre parameters. In the area of geomechanics, the results presented here can be used to assess and predict the behaviour of fibre‐reinforced earth. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bearing capacity performance of soft cohesive soil treated by kenaf limited life geotextile

Abstract

This article presents the performance of the short-term bearing capacity on soft clay soil treated by Kenaf geotextile under vertical loading via a small-scale modelling test at unit gravity. The ground model was formulated by consolidating kaolin in a rigid testing compartment. In the loading test, the strip footing was represented by a rigid footing. For the treated case, a series of tests were performed to examine the effects of the burial depth of the Kenaf geotextile on the bearing capacity of the soft soil. The Kenaf geotextile was laid beneath the rigid footing (at the ground surface) and at 50, 75 and 100?mm depth from the soil surface. All the measured results of the Kenaf geotextile treated ground were compared with the untreated ground. The incorporation of Kenaf fibre geotextile was observed to enhance the bearing capacity of soft cohesive clay up to 281% depending upon the depth of the installed geotextile. The geotextile at the surface provided the highest bearing capacity and sustained the highest displacement at failure. The outcome of this research will promote the use of natural fibre geotextiles as sustainable earth reinforcement in temporary earthwork applications.     

A mini-review on the microbial continuum:consideration of a link between judicious consumption of a varied diet of macroalgae and human health and nutrition

As the primordial,prokaryotic inhabitants on Earth,microbial entities were responsible for significant influences on the pathways taken in the development of life as we know it.The manifestation of numerous pathologies in humans is considered to be intrinsically associated with microbial dysbiosis in the gut(i.e.a poorly balanced microbiota).Such adverse health conditions include obesity,chronic fatigue syndrome,cancer,cardiovascular issues,neurological disorders,colitis,irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),and rheumatoid arthritis.Endosymbiotic events at the single cell level took place billions of years ago,eventually leading to eukaryotes,photosynthesis,and multicellularity.Macroalgae(seaweeds)were amongst the first organisms to develop these characteristics.Microbes and macroalgae interacted in a pattern of co-evolution,a process that applies to most,if not all living organisms.It is recognized that the normal human microbiome consists of over a trillion microorganisms,including about 2000 commensal bacterial species typically stationed in the gut.Many of these live in the colon,where they function in the digestion of foods,releasing bio-available nutrients,bioactive molecules,and various metabolites.They mediate communication signals between the gut and the brain,and promote the normal development of immune function,metabolic activities,behaviour,and neurological stability.As very early humans foraged for food,some would have benefi tted from coastal diets,rich in seaweeds and associated microbes.Such diets would have consistently provided all the nutrients essential for survival and growth,and as such,could have conveyed competitive advantages and contributed to enhanced cognitive sophistication.This mini-review article highlights studies regarding the health benefits of dietary fibres and the production of short chain fatty acids(SCFA).Insights are off ered regarding the positive effects the inclusion of macroalgae into the standard,Western diet can deliver in terms of providing appropriate fodder for those microbial populations deemed beneficial to human health and wellness.     

巯基棉富集分离-原子荧光光谱法测定高碳高硫地质样品中痕量硒

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)应用于测定地质样品中的痕量硒具有较高的灵敏度,但复杂的基质仍会增加分析难度,尤其是富含有机质样品与硫化物样品中的有机碳、复杂配合物和共存离子等带来的干扰,故样品前处理十分重要.采用常规的巯基棉(thiol cotton fibre,TCF)富集分离方法处理富含有机质样品与硫化物...     

喷锚支护与管井降水技术在基坑支护中的应用

南阳市文化小区商住楼B座距白河较近,地下水含量非常丰富,水位较高,对基坑开挖的安全性影响很大,施工的主要难点是降水问题。通过制定严格的基坑支护及降水方案,保证了施工的安全。介绍了喷锚支护及管井降水设计和施工工艺在该工程基坑支护中的应用。     

Effects of decomposition on the compressibility of fibrous peat — A review

Peat deposits are comprised of high organic content substances primarily derived from dead plant vegetation. Peat itself is not inert but undergoes continuous biological decomposition that causes progressive destruction of the peat fabric, reductions in fibre and organic contents and biogas generation. Depending on the degree of decomposition, the organic solids can exist as fresh (intact) fibres, slightly decomposed or ultimately completely decomposed (amorphous) material. From a geotechnical perspective, an understanding of the relationship between degree of decomposition and engineering properties, including the level of compressibility, is important in dealing with such problematic deposits. However a review of the literature indicates that such relationships have not been sufficiently investigated. Moreover, potential impacts of uncontrolled or unexpected decomposition in-situ are regularly discounted in geotechnical practice. This paper reviews decomposition effects in peat and potentially significant knock-on effects in terms of the material’s physical properties and compressibility. Progressive reduction in solids volume and deterioration in the integrity of the organic structure due to on-going decomposition may cause significant additional settlement to occur over time. More decomposed peat generally undergoes lower primary consolidation and creep strains and is also less prone to future decomposition, compared with lesser decomposed peat.