Isotopic Ages of the Carbonatitic Volcanic Rocks in the Kunyang Rift Zone in Central Yunnan, China

The Mesoproterozoic Kunyang rift, which is located on the western margin of the Yangtze platform and the southern section of the Kangdian axis, is a rare massive Precambrian iron-copper polymetallic mineralization zone in China. The Mesoproterozoic Wulu (Wuding-Lufeng) basin in the middle of the rift is an elliptic basin controlled by a ring fracture system. Moreover, volcanic activities in the basin display zonation of an outer ring, a middle ring and an inner ring with carbonatitic volcanic rocks and sub-volcanic dykes discovered in the outer and middle rings. The Sm-Nd isochron ages have been determined for the outer-ring carbonatitic lavas (1685 Ma) and basaltic porphyrite of the radiating dyke swarm (1645 Ma) and the Rb-Sr isochron ages for the out-ring carbonatitic lavas (893 Ma) and the middle-ring dykes (1048 Ma). In combination of the U-Pb concordant ages of zircon (1743 Ma) in trachy-andesite of the corresponding period and stratum (1569 Ma) of the Etouchang Formation, as well as the Rb-Sr iso     

Cobalt‐Bearing Grunerite in the Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation in Orissa,India

Banded iron formation (BIF) comprising high grade iron ore are exposed in Gorumahisani‐Sulaipat‐Badampahar belt in the east of North Orissa Craton, India. The ores are multiply deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The mineral assemblage in the BIF comprises grunerite, magnetite/martite/goethite and quartz. Relict carbonate phases are sometimes noticed within thick iron mesobands. Grunerite crystals exhibit needles to fibrous lamellae and platy form or often sheaf‐like aggregates in linear and radial arrangement. Accicular grunerite also occur within intergranular space of magnetite/martite. Grunerite needles/accicules show higher reflectivity in chert mesoband and matching reflectance with that of adjacent magnetite/martite in iron mesoband. Some grunerite lamellae sinter into micron size magnetite platelets. This grunerite has high ferrous oxide and cobalt oxide content but is low in Mg‐ and Mn‐oxide compared to the ones, reported from BIFs, of Western Australia, Nigeria, France, USA and Quebec. The protolith of this BIF is considered to be carbonate containing sediments, with high concentrations of Fe and Si but lower contents of cobalt and chromium ± Mg, Mn and Ni. During submarine weathering quartz, sheet silicate (greenalite) and Fe‐Co‐Cr (Mg‐Mn‐Ni)‐carbonate solid solution were formed. At the outset of the regional metamorphic episode grunerite, euhedral magnetite and recrystalized quartz were developed. Magnetite was grown at the expense of carbonate and later martitized under post‐metamorphic conditions. With the increasing grade of metamorphism greenalite transformed to grunerite.     

卡尔曼滤波法在西峰雷达估测降水中的应用

应用卡尔曼滤波校准法,利用地面自动雨量计的降水量值,对庆阳市2007年7月和9月2次降水过程中的2个雨量较明显时段的雷达估测值进行了校准分析,并与雨量计测量的雨量值进行了误差比较分析。结果显示：混合降水过程的校准效果要优于均匀降水过程。校准后,混合降水过程的相对误差从166.4%下降到了7.6%,均匀降水过程的相对误差从284.3%下降到了56.9%。由此可以看出卡尔曼滤波校准法能有效消除雷达估测降水过程中的各种随机噪声,并能提高雷达定量估算区域降水量的精度,同时还较好地保留了雷达探测降水的精细结构。     

生态用水的估算方法研究和问题探讨

针对“生态用水”概念及使用混乱的现象,本研究对生态系统的需水、用水的概念进行描述和界定,并对背景和研究状况进行了综述,提出了不同生态系统的用水估算方法。在此基础上,提出了目前生态用水的相关研究中存在的问题,以及在生态用水的机理上研究方面的可能突破。最后讨论了在全球气候变暖、水资源亏缺的背景下,生态用水的时间变化及与之相应的水资源供需平衡问题将会成为关注的热点问题。     

基于反算原理的滑坡推力简易估算

滑坡滑面的抗剪强度指标往往用反算法确定。分析表明,对已变形位移的滑坡,其推力可不反算滑面抗剪强度指标而直接按现状稳定系数和设计安全系数简易地估算,一般地,滑坡推力等于下滑分力乘以设计安全系数相对于现状稳定系数的提高比例值。进而讨论了其对不同设计工况、各种典型形状滑面的适用条件。这是一条估算滑坡推力的捷径。     

Method of Data Reduction and Uncertainty Estimation for Platinum-Group Element Data Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

A data reduction method is described for determining platinum-group element (PGE) abundances by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using external calibration or the method of standard addition. Gravimetric measurement of volumes, the analysis of reference materials and the use of procedural blanks were all used to minimise systematic errors. Internal standards were used to correct for instrument drift. A linear least squares regression model was used to calculate concentrations from drift-corrected counts per second (cps). Furthermore, mathematical manipulations also contribute to the uncertainty estimates of a procedure. Typical uncertainty estimate calculations for ICP-MS data manipulations involve: (1) Carrying standard deviations from the raw cps through the data reduction or (2) calculating a standard deviation from multiple final concentration calculations. It is demonstrated that method 2 may underestimate the uncertainty estimate of the calculated data. Methods 1 and 2 do not typically include an uncertainty estimate component from a regression model. As such models contribute to the uncertainty estimates affecting the calculated data, an uncertainty estimate component from the regression must be included in any final error calculations. Confidence intervals are used to account for uncertainty estimates from the regression model. These confidence intervals are simpler to calculate than uncertainty estimates from method 1, for example. The data reduction and uncertainty estimation method described here addresses problems of reporting PGE data from an article in the literature and addresses both precision and accuracy. The method can be applied to any analytical technique where drift corrections or regression models are used.     

新疆觉罗塔格-黑鹰山成矿带铁(磷)矿找矿远景分析

通过对新疆觉罗塔格地区进行地球物理特征及含铁(磷)杂岩体地质特征分析,证明古老地台区均有基性-碱性杂岩带存在,这些区带本身就是最有远景的成矿区带。成矿区主要位于地台边缘,受深大断裂控制。觉罗塔格地区与已知的内生铁(磷)矿对比,具有成矿构造条件相同、同时都有杂岩体分布、有磁异常等相同的特征,证明该区具有良好的铁(磷)矿找矿前景。     

非线性共轭梯度三维反演在山西河津铁矿音频大地电磁数据勘察中的应用

利用非线性共轭梯度反演方法,对采集到的近正交的两条音频大地电磁剖面数据构成的主阻抗数据集进行三维反演。结果显示,山西省河津市地下结构呈现较明显的三层构造特征,推测第一层高阻异常是侵入岩或变质片麻岩,第二层低阻异常是铁矿富存区,高阻的第三层异常反映研究区的花岗闪长岩基底。根据地球物理电性参数资料,铁矿体为低阻,电阻率<10Ω·m。因此,推测10Ω·m的电阻率等值面大致勾勒出大地电磁反演结果推测的铁矿的成矿有利区。在两条剖面正交位置下方,矿体规模较小;但在2号线60-100号点和3号线476-492号点的下方1 km深的位置附近发现了新矿体。结果表明,利用大地电磁法寻找类似热液型铁矿这类局部异常体,三维反演是获得可靠结果的必要技术手段;即使是剖面性观测数据,也可以进行三维反演,并取得良好效果。     

西昆仑山甜水海钻孔氧化铁指标的R／S分析及其意义

运用Ｒ／Ｓ分析法,对经过等时处理的甜水海钻孔氧化铁３项指标ＦｅＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及其比值ＦｅＯ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３进行了分析计算,其指标都存在明显的Ｈｕｒｓｔ现象,Ｈｕｒｓｔ指数Ｈ分别为：Ｆｅ２Ｏ３为０．７６,ＦｅＯ为０．８５,ＦｅＯ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３为０．６５,它们都大于０．５。反映了该地区过去２０多万年来气候环境变化存在持续性。３者Ｈｕｒｓｔ指数存在差异的原因目前还不清楚,可能说明它们反映气候环境演化持续性强度     

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床成矿地质特征及其两阶段成矿过程研究——以万硐山矿段为例

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床为西南三江富碱斑岩-多金属成矿带中南段典型矿床之一,成矿严格受富碱斑岩及其相关的深大断裂控制,伴随多期富碱斑岩脉体侵入、热液交代与围岩蚀变、矿物质富集及次生富集过程,构成了复杂的斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统和地表次生成矿系统。文章以万硐山露天采场区大比例尺地质填图为基础,重新厘定和梳理各地质体及其间相互关系,取得了万硐山矿段详细的成矿地质特征及原生矿化的两阶段成矿新认识。