Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.     

卫星激光测距仪发散角系统的设计

介绍了房山人卫站近期对人卫激光测距仪发散角系统改造和完善过程中所开展的一些工作。首先针对实际工作中不同高度的观测卫星,按照光学原理设计了一套由成像系统、传动系统以及控制系统组成的自动调整发散角的装置,通过调控力矩电机的电压,经联轴件带动丝杠旋转,使滑块前后移动,从而改变成像系统,使激光束的发散角产生变化。其次为了验证系统设计的合理性,对本套装置进行了相关的实验。从实际的观测情况可以看出,改造后的发散角调整系统在提高整机观测能力方面有明显作用。     

Automated Extraction of a Five‐Year LA‐ICP‐MS Trace Element Data Set of Ten Common Glass and Carbonate Reference Materials: Long‐Term Data Quality,Optimisation and Laser Cell Homogeneity

LA‐ICP‐MS is increasingly applied to obtain quantitative multi‐element data with minimal sample preparation, usually achieved by calibration using reference materials (RMs). However, some ubiquitous RMs, for example the NIST SRM 61× series glasses, suffer from reported value uncertainties for certain elements. Moreover, no long‐term data set of analyses conducted over a range of ablation and tuning conditions exists. Thus, there has been little rigorous examination of the extent to which offsets between measured and reported values are the result of error in these values rather than analytically induced fractionation. We present new software (‘LA‐MINE’), capable of extracting LA‐ICP‐MS data with no user input, and apply this to our system, yielding over 5 years of data (~ 5700 analyses of ten glass and carbonate RMs). We examine the relative importance of systematic analytical bias and possible error in reported values through a mass‐specific breakdown of fourteen of the most commonly determined elements. Furthermore, these data, obtained under a wide range of different ablation conditions, enable specific recommendations of how data quality may be improved, for example the role of diatomic gas, the effect of differential inter‐glass fractionation factors and choice of transport tubing material. Finally, these data demonstrate that the two‐volume Laurin ablation cell is characterised by no discernible spatial heterogeneity in measured trace element ratios.     

三维激光扫描技术在桥梁构件模拟预拼装中的应用

提出了一种以三维激光扫描仪为主要数据获取手段,针对大型桥梁构件的模拟预拼装方法,用于装配化施工生产项目中大型构件的质量控制,并取代传统的、需要在构件加工场内搭建脚手架进行现场立体拼接来检验构件加工质量的方法。项目实践结果表明:该模拟预拼装方法建模方法快捷、有效,模型配准精度较高,建立的三维模型真实,能有效检验构件的质量,指导构件的场内修正,为推动装配化施工的市场进程提供技术支撑。     

地下工程测量时仪器采用的激光对点给向装置

介绍了一种用于隧洞、矿山井下等地下工程的测量设备的结构特点和技术特点以及仪器的使用方法。说明使用该设备，无需专人特灯照明和锤球对点，就能实现点下对点，测量过程中，仪器及觇牌的对点、整平、照准、读数、给向全过程单人操作、省工、省时并能提高精度。     

Rayleigh Scattering and Laser Spot Elongation Problems at ALFA

This article describes the qualitative effects of LGS spot elongation and Rayleigh scattering on ALFA wavefront sensor images.An analytical model of Rayleigh scattering and a numerical model of laser plume generation at the altitude of the Na-layer were developed. These models, integrated into ageneral AO simulation, provide the sensor sub-apertureimages. It is shown that the centroid measurement accuracyis affected by these phenomena. The simulation was made both for the ALFA system and for the VLT Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS).     

多测绘技术手段与遗址保护

采用全站仪离散点测量、三维激光扫描、无人机航拍对大型古遗址进行数据采集,分析了各种测绘手段的作业方法及流程,得到一系列测绘成果,并利用三维浏览软件实现遗址的三维展示,为遗址修缮与保护提供了数据支持。     

TROS-Ⅰ型流动人卫激光测距仪光学系统设计

介绍了车载流动型人卫激光测距仪光学系统(包括激光发射系统、接收系统及微光电视监视系统)的设计思想和方法,着重叙述了光学系统的结构设计、关键部件几何尺寸的确定及重要元器件的选取。设计基于流动型仪器应满足的防振、体积小、调校方便、抗环境干扰能力强等特点。多年的实测证明,这种光学系统不仅能满足流动型人卫激光测距仪总体设计要求,而且经济实用。     

基于点云曲线辨识的卫星激光数据预处理算法

针对卫星激光数据处理算法这一难题,分析了COMPASS系统GEO卫星激光观测数据的质量,讨论了反求工程和计算机视觉中的曲线识别与激光观测数据预处理的异同,提出了基于点云曲线辨识的卫星激光数据预处理算法。该算法将卫星激光观测数据预处理视为有序带噪声的空间曲线重建问题,利用COMPASS系统多圈GEO卫星实测数据进行验证。结果表明：该方法与常用算法一致率在85％以上,能够实现激光观测数据的自动处理与满足导航系统的需要。