西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪陆相长英质火山岩铜银矿矿床模式

通过对西天山二叠纪陆相火山岩及成矿作用的研究,指出铜银矿床与长英质火山岩—石英钠长斑岩有直接关系,并从成矿构造背景、产出地质环境、矿床地质特征等方面总结出二叠纪陆相长英质火山岩铜银矿床矿床模式.     

滇西北兰坪盆地金满脉状铜矿床绢云母^40Ar-^39Ar年龄对成矿时代的约束

处于印度大陆与亚洲大陆主碰撞带北东侧的兰坪盆地西缘的金满铜矿床，产于中生代陆相沉积砂岩、泥岩中，以其属新类型陆相喷流铜矿床而引起人们的关注。关于其成矿时代至今仍然存在争论。采用常规^40Ar/^39Ar阶段升温测年法对金满铜矿床主矿体旁侧的含铜热液蚀变矿物绢云母进行了测试，获得3组视平均年龄分别为88Ma、67Ma、37Ma。结合兰坪盆地区域地质成矿背景，认为金满铜矿成矿经历了早期67Ma的成矿作用和晚期37Ma的成矿叠加作用，后者代表了金满铜矿的主要形成年龄。金满铜矿床的2期成矿年龄可能是印～藏碰撞(古新世)和走滑～拉分(始新世)等重大地质构造事件在矿床中留下的同位素年龄信息．暗示着古新世时期的构造作用和始新世时期的构造-岩浆-成矿活动对兰坪盆地的作用。     

吉林省安图县海沟金矿床地质特征及其形成机制

本文从地质背景、控矿因素、围岩蚀变、矿化富集规律等方面扼要介绍了海沟金矿床的地质特征,并通过构造一岩浆活动、热液形成及演化、成矿物质的富集和沉淀等方面规律阐述了海沟金矿床的形成机制。海沟金矿床是一处中高温热液石英脉型大型矿床,赋矿岩石为含金石英脉。含金石英脉受北东一北北东向断裂构造控制．延伸稳定,矿化均匀．且被围限在海沟岩体内。含金石英脉的形成主要经历了岩体侵位及热液形成、容矿构造形成及石英脉充填、微细裂隙形成及富集成矿等4个阶段。     

论玄武岩底侵作用与长英质火成岩形成的关系--以华东南花岗质火山-侵入杂岩为例

地球层圈热结构特征表明,大陆地壳位于力学边界层（MBL）范围内,其热传递效应受地壳岩石热传导率制约。本文根据热传导理论,采用与前人相同的热物理参数,计算得出1200℃、500m厚玄武岩浆侵位于初始温度为500℃的地壳岩石中,由底侵作用引起地壳部分熔融产生的长英质岩浆（850℃）厚度≤250m,且产生长英质岩浆的时间限制在玄武岩侵位到地壳中后短暂的2700年内。江西南部龙南县临江地区中侏罗世余田群菖蒲组双峰式火山岩地质-地球化学特征及同位素年代学研究证实,该火山岩组合中的流纹质火山岩是拉班玄武质岩浆底侵作用的产物,符合上述数量比例和时间条件。我国东南部中生代陆壳（厚度≤50km）位于热传导起主导作用的MBL层内,由玄武岩浆底侵作用产生的长英质火成岩,在形成的时间及数量上应受地壳岩石热传导机制制约。但在我国东南部大面积出露的中生代火成岩中,花岗岩、流纹质火山岩类占90％以上,而玄武岩仅有局部零星分布,两者在数量上不匹配,在形成时间上也不一致,因而,我国东南部大面积出露的长英质火成岩可能并不是玄武岩浆底侵作用产物,其形成的热动力学背景和机制有待进一步研究。     

锡矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿意义

为探究不同类型锡矿床所反映出的自然重砂矿物组合特征,统计了云南、福建、江西、浙江、湖南、青海和广西7省共35个典型锡矿床的自然重砂情况,通过计算和分析各自然重砂矿物在所对应类型矿床中的报出频率,得出矽卡岩型、热液脉型和斑岩型3种锡矿所对应的自然重砂矿物组合。所反映出的重砂矿物组合既有相似之处,如均出现锡石+白钨矿(或黑钨矿)的矿物组合,亦反映出不相同的地方,如矽卡岩型锡矿石榴子石报出率高,斑岩型锡矿锆石报出率高等。因此,按照矿床类型建立的自然重砂矿物组合对于建立自然重砂找矿模型具有重要意义。     

滇西茅草坪脉状铜矿床电气石的发育特征、成分及其意义

位于滇西兰坪盆地西缘的茅草坪矿床是近年来新发现的一个脉状铜矿床,与该区其他脉状铜矿不同,它发育大量热液电气石。本文对矿床电气石的发育特征和化学成分进行了研究,以此探讨电气石生长和成分的控制因素、成矿流体来源及成矿过程中氧逸度的变化。茅草坪矿床铜矿体由石英-碳酸盐-硫化物脉及伴生的热液蚀变晕组成。电气石可分为两类:较早沉淀的蚀变晕电气石(T1)和较晚沉淀的脉体内电气石(T2)。T1电气石与石英共生,出现在变碎屑岩(T1-Q)和大理岩(T1-M)中,矿物强烈定向生长,长轴平行于围岩的剪切面理,颗粒相对细小,此阶段无含铜硫化物生成;T2电气石伴有黄铜矿生成,矿物长轴多与围岩的剪切面理斜交、呈弱定向生长,或不定向地生长,矿物颗粒相对粗大。由此反映在矿床热液矿化过程中,控制热液矿物生长的构造应力由强剪切到弱剪切及剪切停止的趋势变化。电子探针分析结果表明,所有电气石均属于碱性族,主体为镁电气石。T2电气石在背散射图像下存在明暗环带,与Ti、Fe、Mg含量的差异有关,也反映该期成矿流体的物理化学条件呈波动变化。茅草坪电气石的化学组成主要受流体成分控制,但T1-Q电气石相对富Al,T1-M电气石相对富Ca,表明围岩对蚀变晕电气石成分有一定影响。矿床以镁电气石为主的特征,暗示成矿流体不可能直接来自未经历水-岩相互作用的壳源花岗岩岩浆水。T2电气石较T1电气石具有高的Fe~(3+)/(Fe~(3+)+Fe~(2+))值,表明矿床成矿流体从早期到晚期可能是一个氧逸度升高的过程。结合区域脉状铜矿流体特征、金属组合、围岩和蚀变特征,推测茅草坪矿床及滇西脉状铜矿床迁移Cu的流体可能是CO_2缓冲p H值的还原性流体,在矿化部位流体氧逸度升高很可能是含铜硫化物沉淀的重要机制之一。     

浙东南石平川钼矿床地质特征、成矿时代及成因

石平川钼矿床位于浙东南政和—大埔断裂与长乐—南澳断裂之间的火山坳陷带相对隆起区,空间上和成因上均与燕山晚期侵入的钾长花岗岩体关系密切,矿体受断裂构造控制。矿化类型为石英脉型,围岩蚀变主要为绢云母化、黄铁矿化,次为碳酸盐化。石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(87±1)Ma[锶初始值I(Sr)=0.713 36],形成时间为晚白垩世。成矿期流体包裹体研究表明其均一温度为114.4~325.8℃,集中于170.2~227.0℃。氢氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体的δ(D)为-52.8‰~-64.9‰,δ(18O)为-3.85‰~-7.27‰,反映成矿流体来自混合的岩浆水与大气降水。黄铁矿的硫同位素研究表明δ(34S)为+3.14‰~+4.19‰,表现为岩浆硫特征。辉钼矿Re的质量分数为15.05×10-6~37.65×10-6,与其他钼矿床中辉钼矿Re质量分数的对比结果显示,成矿物质来源于下地壳。以上研究表明石平川钼矿床属中低温岩浆期后热液充填石英脉型钼矿床。     

Fluid Inclusions in the Gold—Bearing Quartz Veins at Um Rus Area,Eastern Desert,Egypt

Fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins at the Um Rus area are of three types: H₂O, H₂O−CO₂ and CO₂ inclusions. H₂O inclusions are the most abundant, they include two phases which exhibit low and high homogenization temperatures ranging from 150 to 200°C and 175 to 250°C, respectively. The salinity of aqueous inclusions, based on ice melting, varies between 6.1 and 8 equiv. wt% NaCl. On the other hand, H₂O−CO₂ fluid inclusions include three phases. Their total homogenization temperatures range from 270 to 325°C, and their salinity, based on clathrate melting, ranges between 0.8 and 3.8 equiv. wt% NaCl. CO₂ fluid inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase and exhibit a low density range from 0.52 to 0.66 g/cm³. The partial mixing of H₂O−CO₂ and salt H₂O−NaCl fluid inclusions is the main source of fluids from which the other types of inclusions were derived. The gold-bearing quartz veins are believed to be of medium temperature hydrothermal convective origin.     

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

陕西灞源地区金矿远景区统计预测

近年来经初步工作在陕西灞源地区查明、发现小型金矿床、矿点共31处，本文根据矿点本身的各种特征，用模糊综合评判法对矿点矿化强度进行了评价和排序，以此为基础建立单元含矿性变列，筛选出成矿环境变量16个，用逻辑信息法在区内圈出金矿远景区A类40km^-2，B类46km^-2.为本区金矿进一步勘查工作部署提供了依据。