陕西西沟钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年代学和同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

西沟钼矿床是东秦岭黄龙铺地区近些年新发现和勘查的碳酸岩脉型钼矿床。钼矿体主要赋存于新太古界太华群变质岩内的石英方解石碳酸岩脉中,呈脉状、似层状或透镜状产出。辉钼矿主要呈浸染状、薄膜状、团块状分布于石英方解石碳酸岩脉中,成矿有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、黄铁矿化、萤石化、硬石膏化等。为查明西沟钼矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿机制、确定矿床类型,文章开展了辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年,同位素地球化学分析。6件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素测年结果,模式年龄为(222.3±3.4)Ma～(226.6±3.7)Ma;加权平均年龄为(225.1±1.4)Ma;等时线年龄为(224.6±9.1)Ma,表明该矿床形成于晚三叠世。硫化物和硫酸盐的S同位素组成、重晶石和方解石Sr-Nd同位素组成及方解石C-O同位素组成均指示:西沟钼矿的成矿物质可能主要来源于地幔。根据其与华北陆块南缘其他碳酸岩型钼矿床地质特征、成矿时代和成矿物质来源等对比,确定西沟钼矿床属碳酸岩型脉状矿床。成矿作用发生于扬子板块与华北板块碰撞造山的后碰撞伸展环境,由于软流圈物质上涌诱发富集岩石圈地幔发生低程度部分熔融,所形成的碳酸质流体携带钼等成矿物质上升,在NW-NWW向深断裂带沉淀富集成矿。     

LA-ICP-MS原位分析白钨矿稀土元素

白钨矿是各类矿床中较为常见的副矿物,通过分析白钨矿的稀土元素质量分数及其标准化配分模式图,可为矿床成矿流体特征及演化提供重要的判别依据。本文对东北地区羊鼻山矽卡岩型矿床和杨金沟热液脉型矿床两个典型钨矿床的白钨矿样品中的稀土元素进行了激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）原位分析。其中：羊鼻山矽卡岩型矿床白钨矿LA-ICP-MS分析方法所获得的稀土元素配分曲线模式与前人用传统的溶液-ICP-MS分析方法所获得的结果完全吻合,表明采用剥蚀束斑44 μm和剥蚀频率7 Hz的193 nm ArF激光器,NIST 610作外部标样,Ca作内标元素,对基体效应影响最小,所获数据可靠,方法可行;而杨金沟热液脉型矿床白钨矿溶液-ICP-MS分析方法与LA-ICP-MS分析法所获得结果既具有相似性又具有差异性。原因在于羊鼻山白钨矿的成因类型为矽卡岩型、粒度较小且形成时间短,因此不同矿物颗粒间、同一矿物不同部位间稀土元素的配分模式一致;而杨金沟白钨矿的成因类型属于热液脉型、粒度较大、沉淀结晶时间长,因此同一矿物不同部位的稀土元素的配分模式因成矿流体早晚阶段不同而不同。基于以上对比研究发现,无论是在取样和测试过程方面,还是数据准确度方面,相比传统溶液-ICP-MS分析法,LA-ICP-MS原位分析法均具有明显的优势,主要表现在样品形式简单、粒度和质量分数要求低、测试周期短、费用低且结果精确度高;同时其可对不同成矿阶段或白钨矿不同部位成分进行精细测定,从而得出不同成矿阶段或白钨矿不同部位的稀土元素质量分数,以及在更高的空间分辨率下获得更详细准确的数据信息。此外,对白钨矿（尤其是无明显环带者）进行LA-ICP-MS原位分析时,既可采用电子探针微量分析（EPMA）准确测定Ca的质量分数,也可直接采用标准化学式计算Ca的质量分数,分析所得数据同样可以获得合理的地质解释。     

胶东地区蚀变岩型与石英脉型金矿的空间分布关系及形成机制

胶东地区主要金矿类型可分为蚀变岩型和石英脉型2个大类。两者在空间分布上存在着以下关系：矿床具有水平分带,即沿成矿的主构造带以蚀变岩型为主,远离主构造带以石英脉型为主。矿体具有垂直分带,即上有石英脉型金矿,下有蚀变岩型金矿,走向上的分带,即矿体的一段为石英脉型金矿,另一段为蚀变岩型金矿或以复合关系产出。上述认识可用于指导金矿勘查工作。     

天宝山组形成时代和形成环境——锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和地球化学证据

川西会理一带出露的天宝山组以酸性火山岩为主,它们的SiO2含量为68.78%～76.96%,K2O含量明显大于Na2O含量,Na2O/K2O比值介于0.01～0.34之间,多属于流纹岩。酸性火山岩的轻重稀土元素分馏程度不高,Eu的负异常明显,Eu/Eu＊=0.18～0.35。微量元素中Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损。这些地球化学特征与A型花岗岩相似。酸性火山岩的εNd（t）值介于-5.32到-4.78之间,与地壳衍生的S型花岗岩相似,表明天宝山组酸性火山岩主要来自先存的地壳物质。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果表明,天宝山组酸性火山岩的形成年龄为1028±9Ma,属于中元古代晚期。     

甘肃北山拾金坡金矿床地质特征及成因分析

拾金坡金矿是甘肃北山南带较为典型的含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,矿化富集与加里东晚期—海西早期拾金坡复式岩体密切相关。矿体产于岩体的内接触带,产出部位明显受近EW向断裂破碎带的控制。矿体主要为大脉状、脉状、透镜状。矿床中发育一套典型的中温热液成因的矿物组合,矿石以强烈的绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石的金属矿物组合为自然金_银金矿_黄铁矿_方铅矿_闪锌矿_黄铜矿,矿化属中温热液成因。硫和铅同位素显示成矿金属物质主要来自围岩,即斑状花岗岩;氢和氧同位素组成表明成矿流体来自花岗岩浆水。成矿时代属早—中海西期。因此可推断,拾金坡金矿床属于与构造_岩浆活动有关的中温岩浆热液成因矿床。     

新疆托里齐Ⅱ金矿区岩石应变及体耗与矿脉关系初探

在应变分析基础上,用本文提出的方法估算了岩石体耗,初步探讨了应变、体耗与矿脉的成因联系。认为矿脉主要是矿源层岩石在变形过程中,由压溶、压实作用产生体耗而排出的热液所形成的。     

孟公界花岗岩型脉状铀矿床成矿构造研究及找矿预测

笔者运用大陆构造体系分析方法，详细研究了桂北苗儿山矿田孟公界花岗岩型铀矿床的成矿构造特征，初步查明了北北西向矿脉的形成是受区域性北北东向左旋剪切的次级剪应力场控制，成矿前形成的韧性剪切带既是矿液运移的通道，也是矿体赋存的有利空间；剪切作用造成矿脉、脉体在空间上呈雁行排列并向北北西方向侧伏。根据成矿构造预测，该矿床在1号矿脉的深部有较好的找矿前景，2～6号脉矿化地段由西向东逐渐加深，盲矿体应埋藏在较深部位。     

CCSD(0～5158m)HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉流体包裹体研究

本文对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)0～5158m HP-UHP变质岩石英脉中流体包裹体进行了研究,通过冷热台与拉曼光谱测定发现其中含有4种流体包裹体:(Ⅰ型)盐水溶液包裹体,并进一步分为高盐度盐水溶液包裹体(Ⅰa型)、中高盐度盐水溶液包襄体(Ⅰb型)、中等盐度盐水溶液包裹体(Ⅰc型)和低盐度盐水溶液包裹体;(Ⅱ型)N2-CH4纯气相包襄体;(Ⅲ型)含方解石子矿物的流体包裹体;(Ⅳ型)CO2-NaCl-H2O包裹体及纯CO2包裹体.其中Ⅲ和Ⅳ型流体包裹体是CCSD石英脉中首次发现.Ⅰa、Ⅰb型流体包裹体主要以原生的形式赋存在榴辉岩及片麻岩的石英脉或石英颗粒当中,它们主要是被捕获于折返早期高压变质重结晶阶段;Ⅰc和Ⅰd两类包裹体则主要以次生的形式赋存于榴辉岩及片麻岩的石英脉或石英颗粒当中.说明它们是在超高压变质岩折返过程的较晚阶段捕获的.以原生形式出现的含方解石子晶及CO2包裹体,指示部分石英脉及其围岩可能经历过超高压变质作用甚至麻粒岩相阶段.CCSD中的石英脉可能主要形成于折返早期高压变质重结晶阶段,其中的HP-UHP岩石在板决折返及其以后退变质过程中释放出的变质流体活动范围有限,没有经历大规模的流动或迁移.     

Geology and geochemistry of giant quartz veins from the Bundelkhand Craton,central India and their implications

Giant quartz veins (GQVs; earlier referred to as ‘quartz reefs’) occurring in the Archean Bundelkhand Craton (29,000 km²) represent a gigantic Precambrian (∼2.15 Ga) silica-rich fluid activity in the central Indian shield. These veins form a striking curvilinear feature with positive relief having a preferred orientation NE-SW to NNE-SSW in the Bundelkhand Craton. Their outcrop widths vary from ≤1 to 70m and pervasively extend over tens of kilometers along the strike over the entire craton. Numerous younger thin quartz veins with somewhat similar orientation cut across the giant quartz veins. They show imprints of strong brittle to ductile-brittle deformation, and in places are associated with base metal and gold incidences, and pyrophyllite-diaspore mineralization. The geochemistry of giant quartz veins were studied. Apart from presenting new data on the geology and geochemistry of these veins, an attempt has been made to resolve the long standing debate on their origin, in favour of an emplacement due to tectonically controlled polyphase hydrothermal fluid activity.     

Fluid flow during exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust: zircon U-Pb age and O-isotope studies of a quartz vein within ultrahigh-pressure eclogite

Quartz veins in high‐pressure to ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks witness channelized fluid flow that transports both mass and heat during collisional orogenesis. This flow can occur in the direction of changing temperature/pressure during subduction or exhumation. SHRIMP U‐Pb dating of zircon from a kyanite‐quartz vein within ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite in the Dabie continental collision orogen yields two age groups at 212 ± 7 and 181 ± 13 Ma, which are similar to two groups of LA‐ICPMS age at 210 ± 4 and 180 ± 5 Ma for the same sample. These ages are significantly younger than zircon U‐Pb ages of 224 ± 2 Ma from the host eclogite. Thus the two age groups from the vein date two episodes of fluid flow involving zircon growth: the first due to decompression dehydration during exhumation, and the second due to heating dehydration in response to a cryptic thermal event after continental collision. Laser fluorination O‐isotope analyses gave similar δ¹⁸O values for minerals from both vein and eclogite, indicating that the vein‐forming fluid was internally derived. Synchronous cooling between the vein and eclogite is suggested by almost the same quartz–mineral fractionation values, with regularly decreasing temperatures that are in concordance with rates of O diffusion in the minerals. While the quartz veining was caused by decompression dehydration at 700–650 °C in a transition from ultrahigh‐pressure to high‐pressure eclogite‐facies retrogression, the postcollisional fluid flow was retriggered by heating dehydration at ～500 °C without corresponding metamorphism. In either case, the kyanite–quartz vein formed later than the peak ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic event at the Middle Triassic, pointing to focused fluid flow during exhumation rather than subduction. The growth of metamorphic zircon in the eclogite appears to have depended on fluid availability, so that their occurrence is a type of geohygrometer besides geochronological applicability to dating of metamorphic events in orogenic cycles.