Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

Genetic algorithm for fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to 3D orientations: a tool for the statistical and paleostress analyses of fracture orientations

The clustering of fracture orientations is important for tectonic studies and for geotechnical engineering. In this study, a real‐coded genetic algorithm was adopted to fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to orientation data by maximizing the log‐likelihood function of the distribution. The maximization is a difficult problem, because the function has multimodality and singularity. It was found that the algorithm was effective for this problem. Given the orientations of dilational fractures, the present method determines not only the stress axes and stress ratio of each of the fracture groups but also the maximum non‐dimensionalized fluid pressure at the time of their formation. In addition, the software calculates the 95 % error ellipses of the concentration axes. The present method found that the orientations of ore veins of the Akenobe Mine, SW Japan, should be partitioned into three clusters. It is shown that two of the groups had distinctive Zn and Sn contents, and that the ore fluids had overpressures only slightly greater than the minimum principal stress at the time of the deposition of Zn‐ and Sn‐rich veins.     

赣中良山钼矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

良山钼矿是近年来赣中地区新发现的钼矿,浅部矿体主要赋存于南华系浅变质岩系的构造裂隙中,矿石类型以含辉钼矿石英脉为主。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果表明：含辉钼矿石英脉中的流体包裹体主要呈星散状随机或成群分布,其形态多样,大小集中在2~15 μm,包裹体的类型主要有纯液相包裹体、富气相两相包裹体、富液相两相包裹体和含液体CO₂三相包裹体4类,其中以富液相两相包裹体最为发育;包裹体的均一温度为136~298 ℃,盐度为1.22%~10.11%NaCleqv,密度为0.78~0.99 g/cm3,成矿流体属中-低温、低盐度、较低密度流体;成矿压力估算为13~70 MPa,形成深度为0.5~2.6 km。流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析表明：包裹体中气液相成分以H₂O为主,气相中还有少量的CO₂和CO。H、O、S同位素组成显示：成矿流体的δD值介于-61‰~-57.9‰,δ¹⁸OH₂O值介于-3.32‰~-0.52‰,具有岩浆水和大气降水混合的特征;成矿热液中的δ³⁴S值介于-1.8‰~+1.9‰,具有岩浆硫的特征。综合成矿地质特征及相关分析,认为成矿流体可能与燕山期的岩浆活动有关,属于岩浆热液流体,混合作用及钾化作用是促进金属富集沉淀成矿的主要因素,推测矿床属于岩浆热液充填石英脉型钼矿。     

热释光年代测定方法在鱼洞水库地区断层活动性研究中的应用

用作者研制的RS 81 1型热释光仪对云南昭通鱼洞水库地区两条断层的破碎带内发育的方解石脉进行了热释光年代测定和显微构造分析 .结果显示 :2条断层破碎带内发育 4期方解石脉 ,其中有 3期发生了变形 .F1 断层距今 5× 1 0 4 a以来 ,F2 断层距今 2 5× 1 0 4 a以来没有强烈活动的迹象 .断层泥中石英颗粒表面形态分析结果与热释光法相同 .     

贵州天柱磨山─油麻坳金矿化带地球化学特征及成矿作用

贵州天柱磨山油麻坳金矿化带地球化学特征及成矿作用＊张杰余大龙李明琴张先煜杨勇俊（贵州工业大学资源工程系，贵阳５５０００３）关键词金矿化带金矿地球化学金矿成矿作用黔东天柱本文主要研究了黔东天柱磨山—油麻坳金矿化带内主要类型岩石矿石的地质－地球化学特征，...     

方解石脉对中扬子地区沉湖土地堂复向斜油气保存单元的指示意义

野外观测表明,中扬子地区沉湖土地堂复向斜京山县城附近野外露头中二叠系和三叠系方解石脉主要是沿节理缝发育,脉体宽度较小。方解石脉的镜下微观的结晶特征、阴极发光特征、脉体穿插关系可以判断二叠系脉体大约有两期,三叠系脉体大约有三期。碳氧同位素值表明,三叠系方解石脉和围岩的氧同位素差值不大(Δδ18 O的差异范围为-0.19‰～4.12‰,平均值为1.9‰),二叠系方解石脉和围岩氧同位素差异较大(Δδ18 O的差异范围为4.07‰～12.03‰,平均值为7.3‰),三叠系脉体的流体直接来源于围岩,二叠系裂隙中方解石脉的形成过程中可能主要受到有机质的影响。方解石脉体中的流体包裹体均一温度在研究区建立的代表性虚拟井的埋藏史和热史基础上,推测二叠系方解石脉形成深度为3 000m～3 700m,形成深度约为2 000m～3 000m,两套地层中的方解石脉的形成时期为J3—K1燕山构造运动期。中扬子地区在多旋回的沉降和沉积过程中形成的上组合的区域性盖层(中三叠统—下侏罗统的泥质岩)在江汉平原区具有较好的封盖性。     

甘肃大水金矿区脉岩与成矿关系浅析

大水金矿位于西秦岭南带南亚带南部边缘,处于玛曲—略阳断裂带北侧向南突出的大水弧形构造的弧顶部位。文章简略阐述了矿床地质特征,并从时空、地球化学特征及物源等几方面对矿区脉岩与成矿的关系进行了分析,结果表明：无论在时空分布上,还是热动力条件和成矿物质上,均显示脉岩与成矿具密切成因关系。     

肃北钻井沟金矿的矿石特征和金的赋存状态探讨

钻井沟金矿主要的矿石类型为含金多金属硫化物石英脉和含金白云母石英岩,矿石结构以粒状晶结构、碎裂结构和包含结构为主;构造主要为块状构造和浸染状构造。金矿物为自然金,以裂隙金为主,少量包裹金,金矿物以中粗粒金为主,载金矿物为黄铁矿、黄铜矿和石英。矿石中金的品位高,赋存状态简单,有害元素砷、锑、硫、碳等的含量低,属易浸型矿石。采用浮选—氰化联合工艺流程,金的综合回收率可以到达99.24%。     

柿竹园钨锡多金属矿床矽卡岩中碱交代脉研究

柿竹园钨锡多金属矿床地处南岭中段,矿种多、规模大、共生组分丰富,是世界罕见的超大型钨锡钼铋多金属矿床。区内发育有大量不同类型的脉体,包括酸性岩浆岩脉、云英岩脉、碱交代脉等,其中发育于矽卡岩中的碱交代脉是矿区规模最大、分布最广的矿体。本文通过详实的野外地质调研、显微镜下岩相学鉴定以及电子探针测试分析,发现大部分碱交代脉中以钾长石、斜长石、石英、萤石为主,白云母含量较少,一般小于3%,含少量黄玉、电气石等矿物,并非前人所称的"云英岩脉"或"云英岩网脉",脉体外侧发育较多的石榴子石、透辉石等矽卡岩类矿物,脉体及其两侧含有较多的白钨矿、磁铁矿等氧化物。从矿物组合和矿化特点上分析,碱交代脉总体碱质成分含量较高,发生了较强的碱交代作用,脉体的形成与矽卡岩演化关系密切,可进一步分为:早期阶段碱交代脉,富斜长石、黑钨矿,形成矽卡岩,对应矽卡岩演化的矽卡岩阶段,是黑钨矿的主成矿期;晚期阶段碱交代脉,富钾长石、白钨矿、磁铁矿,表现为交代矽卡岩,对应矽卡岩演化的退变质阶段,是白钨矿的主成矿期。综上,柿竹园矿床矽卡岩中碱交代脉,制约和影响着矽卡岩的形成与成矿,贯穿矽卡岩演化过程的矽卡岩阶段和退变质阶段,其形成的矿体为矽卡岩型矿体。     

Statistical evaluation of tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams for granitic rocks and proposal of new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid rocks

The four tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pearce et al. [Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956–983] for granitic rocks were first evaluated using the literature cited by these authors as well as from our new database. The first diagram (Y?Nb) cannot discriminate volcanic-arc and collision settings. Both Y?Nb and Yb?Ta diagrams have an overlapping field for within-plate and ocean-ridge granitoids. The remaining two diagrams (Y?+?Nb?Rb and Yb?+?Ta?Rb) use a mobile element (Rb) in their y-axis. Although these diagrams successfully discriminate volcanic-arc and within-plate granites, they perform less well for collision tectonics. Besides, felsic or acid rocks are scarce in ocean-ridge settings, which limits the usefulness of these diagrams for this geological environment. Therefore, using an extensive database, we proposed a set of five new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid magmas from four tectonic settings (island arc, continental arc, continental rift, and collision). The very similar tectonic settings of island and continental arcs are discriminated for the first time. These diagrams are based on correct statistical treatment of compositional data, because they use natural logarithm transformation of major-element ratios and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The use of discordant outlier-free samples prior to LDA improved the success rates by about 3–5%. Success rates of these diagrams as inferred from a testing set were between 76% and 88% for island arc, 60% and 92% for continental arc, and 72% and 84% for both continental rift and collision settings. Finally, application of these new diagrams to case studies not compiled in our initial database used for constructing these diagrams provided the following results: a collision setting for the Himalayas at about 30 Ma; an island arc setting for Quaternary acid rocks from geothermal boreholes in El Salvador; an island- or continental-arc setting for northern Italy at 35–52 Ma; a continental-arc setting for the Italy–Austria border at about 30 Ma; either a rift or a collision setting for northern Nigeria at about 164 Ma; a collision setting for central Nigeria at about 144 Ma and for the Cretaceous Masirah ophiolites of Oman; and an island arc setting for the Cretaceous Semail ophiolites of Oman. In spite of the relative mobility of major elements, these applications suggest utility of the new discrimination diagrams for all four tectonic settings.