Evolutions of flow field and heat exchange on equatorial Pacific surface in El Nino-La Nina cycle

Abstract-In this paper, the monthly averages and deviations of temperature, pressure, tonal wind, specific humidity, cloud rover and the components of heat budget have been remputed on the equatorial (5°S-3°N) Pacific surface (EPS) based on the 2^*×2^* grid data of CORDS from 1950 to 1987 and the evolutions of tt0ese elements have been provided. Two feedback mechanisms of El Nino-La Nina cycle which include the dynamic, thermal and hydrological processes in the coupled air-sea system are verified. During El Nino, the pressure gradient and trade wind decreased on the EPS, the sensible and latent heat exchanges enlarged on the central-eastern EPS, the water vapor and cloud cover rose in the atmo sphere, the net longwave radiation and incident solar radiation decreased and the net gain (loss) of the heat reduced (increased) on the central and eastern EPS:During La Nina the circumstances were opposite     

Theoretical and numerical analyses of chemical‐dissolution front instability in fluid‐saturated porous rocks

The chemical‐dissolution front propagation problem exists ubiquitously in many scientific and engineering fields. To solve this problem, it is necessary to deal with a coupled system between porosity, pore‐fluid pressure and reactive chemical‐species transport in fluid‐saturated porous media. Because there was confusion between the average linear velocity and the Darcy velocity in the previous study, the governing equations and related solutions of the problem are re‐derived to correct this confusion in this paper. Owing to the morphological instability of a chemical‐dissolution front, a numerical procedure, which is a combination of the finite element and finite difference methods, is also proposed to solve this problem. In order to verify the proposed numerical procedure, a set of analytical solutions has been derived for a benchmark problem under a special condition where the ratio of the equilibrium concentration to the solid molar density of the concerned chemical species is very small. Not only can the derived analytical solutions be used to verify any numerical method before it is used to solve this kind of chemical‐dissolution front propagation problem but they can also be used to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the morphological instability of a chemical‐dissolution front during its propagation within fluid‐saturated porous media. The related numerical examples have demonstrated the usefulness and applicability of the proposed numerical procedure for dealing with the chemical‐dissolution front instability problem within a fluid‐saturated porous medium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Observation and Research on the Twisting Characteristics of Flare Loop System

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磁源边长大小对电磁场扩散速度影响规律研究

全空间电磁场扩散速度计算的准确性,直接影响矿井瞬变电磁法探测结果的精度.基于电磁场全空间"双烟圈效应"理论,建立了全空间电磁场扩散速度数学模型.对不同边长磁源回线中心电磁场扩散速度进行了对比分析,并对巷道底板三层地电模型全空间理论视电阻率曲线进行了时深转换,结果表明回线边长大,较早时间段回线中心扩散速度大,但衰减速度快,影响浅部地层探测能力;较晚时间段,不同边长磁源回线中心扩散速度趋于相等,说明边长大小对深部地层探测能力影响小.提出了较早时间段电磁场扩散速度校正系数,改进了磁源回线电磁场扩散速度数学模型,为实际探测工作中磁源回线边长大小的选择提供理论依据.     

高陡边坡变形及其对坝体安全稳定影响研究进展

高陡边坡变形及其对坝体安全稳定的影响,是高山峡谷型流域水利工程施工建设与安全运行所普遍面临的重要科学问题。一是高陡边坡稳定性研究,通过坝体两岸高陡边坡变形监测理论和方法研究,为实现动态反馈提供可靠的分析数据,再评价高陡边坡安全稳定性。二是高陡边坡变形对坝体安全稳定影响研究,通过分析岸坡与坝体间的相互作用,明确高陡边坡变形对坝体安全稳定的影响机制、作用范围和作用程度。在总结上述研究内容进展的基础上,归纳了本研究方向亟需解决的4个关键科学问题：时变监控方法、高精度数值仿真、智能优化反分析、边坡对坝体影响的理论计算方法,认为应进一步开展高陡边坡与坝体间相互影响机制及加固措施研究,为高陡边坡变形及其对坝体安全稳定影响研究提供思路。     

Causes of Arctic Amplification: A Review

The pace of Arctic warming is about double that at lower latitudes in the recent decades, a robust phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification (AA), which has become one of the most notable features of climate change. This review summarized the major advances of the mechanism of AA from both local factors and poleward heat transport from lower latitudes. Local factors, including positive ice-albedo feedback and increasing downwelling longwave radiation caused by water vapor and cloud, play an important role in AA. Due to the colder background temperatures and the more stable vertical structure than the lower latitudes, the temperature feedback is therefore positive, which induces the warm signal amplified in the Arctic. The poleward heat transport via atmosphere circulation and ocean currents is also a contributor to AA, and the multidecadal variability in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the tropical Pacific surface temperature are the dominant forcing of the atmosphere circulation. Finally, several issues that remain to be solved were proposed.     

以振制震--上部结构与下部结构的相互作用

利用上部结构等效模拟TMD(Tuned Mass Damper调谐质量阻尼器)作用,讨论了上部结构对下部结构的反馈作用,提供一种经济、实用的减震方法。通过理论分析及正矢波基底输入计算数据与9组实验数据比较得出结论,TMD减震作用并不乐观,其位移与加速度并非处处同时减小。由于选择质量比和刚度比的范围较窄,在工程实践中很难实现参数控制,因而,必须提高建筑结构实测参数精度,图纸设计参数与实际结构参数相差较大,很难满足TMD减震设计最佳效果要求。不如利用上部结构对下部结构的反馈作用力来实现减震,这样似乎更为经济、实用。     

Recycling of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) in Electronic Waste

The management of used electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) or e‐waste is a significant problem worldwide due to rapid uptake of the technology and early obsolescence of EEE. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from used televisions and computer monitors represent a major e‐waste problem as they consist of glass with different compositions. The front panel is a lead‐free barium‐strontium glass whereas parts such as the funnel hidden inside are composed of glass with lead oxides. Regulations require the glass from waste CRTs to be recycled or re‐utilized. Closed‐loop recycling and open‐loop recycling are two principal ways of recycling CRT glass. The aim of this paper is to examine the technical characteristics and composition of the CRTs, its generation, environmental impacts and related regulatory requirements and to review the current technologies and their limitations for recycling CRT glass and its end use.     

Stability analysis of SDOF real‐time hybrid testing systems with explicit integration algorithms and actuator delay

Real‐time hybrid testing is a method that combines experimental substructure(s) representing component(s) of a structure with a numerical model of the remaining part of the structure. These substructures are combined with the integration algorithm for the test and the servo‐hydraulic actuator to form the real‐time hybrid testing system. The inherent dynamics of the servo‐hydraulic actuator used in real‐time hybrid testing will give rise to a time delay, which may result in a degradation of accuracy of the test, and possibly render the system to become unstable. To acquire a better understanding of the stability of a real‐time hybrid test with actuator delay, a stability analysis procedure for single‐degree‐of‐freedom structures is presented that includes both the actuator delay and an explicit integration algorithm. The actuator delay is modeled by a discrete transfer function and combined with a discrete transfer function representing the integration algorithm to form a closed‐loop transfer function for the real‐time hybrid testing system. The stability of the system is investigated by examining the poles of the closed‐loop transfer function. The effect of actuator delay on the stability of a real‐time hybrid test is shown to be dependent on the structural parameters as well as the form of the integration algorithm. The stability analysis results can have a significant difference compared with the solution from the delay differential equation, thereby illustrating the need to include the integration algorithm in the stability analysis of a real‐time hybrid testing system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计算矩形大定源回线瞬变电磁测深全区视电阻率

介绍了矩形大定源瞬变电磁测深全区视电阻率的计算方法。根据大定源感应电动势关于电阻率非线性变化特点,利用二分法计算感应电动势的全区视电阻率。在此过程中,计算首先从早期感应电动势开始,并将计算得到的视电阻率作为下个窗口视电阻率计算的依据。以此类推,得到全部时窗的视电阻率。理论模型和实际数据的计算结果表明文中提出方法的有效性和正确性。