Modal control of seismic structures using augmented state matrix

In conventional methods of modal control, the number of controllable structural modes is usually restrained by the number of sensors that feedback the structural signals. In this paper a modal control scheme where the feedback gain is formulated in an augmented state space is proposed. The advantage of the proposed method is that it increases the number of the controllable modes without adding extra sensors. The method is verified experimentally by an earthquake simulation test with a full‐scale building model. The proposed modal control was also compared with the conventional ones in the test. For the building model tested, the performance of the proposed control with only one feedback signal can be as efficient as that of modal control with full state feedback. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms follow the biogeomorphological succession model in a channelized river

Feedback between hydrogeomorphological processes and riparian plants drives landscape dynamics and vegetation succession in river corridors. We describe the consequences of biogeomorphological feedback on the formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms based on observations from the channelized Isère River in France. The channel was laterally confined with embankments and mostly straightened. From the beginning of the 1970s to the end of the 1990s, alternate bars were progressively but heavily colonized by vegetation. This context presented an exceptional opportunity to analyse temporal adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation succession from bare gravel bars to mature upland forest as the consequence of biogeomorphological interactions. Based on a GIS analysis of aerial photographs (between 1948 and 1996), we show that the spatiotemporal organization of vegetated bars within the river channel observed in 1996 resulted from a bioconstruction and biostabilization effect of vegetation and interactions between bars of varying age, size and mobility. Field measurements in 1996 reflected how a strong positive feedback between sedimentary dynamics and riparian vegetation succession resulted in the construction of the vegetated bars. A highly significant statistical association of geomorphological and vegetation variables (RV of co-inertia analysis = 0.41, p < 0.001) explained 95% of the variability in just one axis, supporting the existence of very strong feedback between geomorphological changes (i.e. the transformation of small bare alternate bars to fluvial landforms covered by mature upland forest, and vegetation succession). Such dynamics reflect the fluvial biogeomorphological successions model, as described by the authors earlier. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型带缝钢板剪力墙的试验研究及其数值模拟

对4个足尺钢板剪力墙模型在水平低周反复荷载作用下的力学性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明稳定是控制未采取构造措施带缝钢板剪力墙承载力的主要因素;模拟试验过程的计算结果表明,改进的带缝钢板剪力墙可以增加延性,耗散较大的地震能量。     

Trophic transfer of methylmercury and trace elements by tropical estuarine seston and plankton

Methylmercury (MeHg) and trace elements (TE), mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead and copper, were determined in a microbial loop composed by three size classes of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganism samples, 1.2–70 μm (seston, SPM), 70–290 μm (microplankton) and ≥290 μm (mesoplankton) from five sampling stations within a polluted eutrophic estuary in the Brazilian Southeast coast and one external point under the influence of the bay. TE concentrations were within the range reported for marine microorganisms from uncontaminated locations. Microplankton was primarily composed of proto-zooplankton and diatoms (>90%) while approximately 50% of mesoplankton was composed mainly of copepods. MeHg and TE in samples did not differ among the five sampling stations within the bay. Cd, Pb and Cu in seston were higher in the stations sampled inside Guanabara Bay (0.67 μg Cd g⁻¹, 9.26 μg Pb g⁻¹, 8.03 μg Cu g⁻¹) than in the external one (0.17 μg Cd g⁻¹, 3.98 μg Pb g⁻¹ and 2.09 μg Cu g⁻¹). Hg, MeHg and Se did not differ among the five points within the more eutrophic waters of the estuary and the external sampling station. The trophic transfer of MeHg and Se was observed between trophic levels from prey (seston and microplankton) to predator (mesoplankton). The successive amplification of the ratios of MeHg to Hg with increasing trophic levels from seston (43%), to microplankton (59%) and mesoplankton (77%) indicate that biomagnification may be occurring along the microbial food web. Selenium, that is efficiently accumulated by organisms through trophic transference, was biomagnified along the microbial food web, while Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu did not present the same behavior. Concentrations differed between the three size classes, indicating that MeHg and TE accumulation were size-dependent. MeHg and TE concentrations were not related to the taxonomic groups' composition of the planktonic microorganisms. Results suggest the importance of the role of the trophic level and microorganism size in regulating element transfers. Eutrophication dilution may provide a process-oriented explanation for lower MeHg and TE accumulation by the three size classes of microorganisms collected at the five sampling stations within the bay.     

台湾海峡海域细菌产量、生物量及其在微食物环中的作用

分别于 1 997年 8月 1 0— 1 9日 ,1 998年 2月 2 0日— 3月 7日 ,对台湾海峡进行现场调查 ,在 2 0个站位取得水文、化学和生物学综合参数 ,采用改进的3H 胸苷组入DNA法测定细菌产量 ,采用DAPI( 4’ 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole)染色法测定细菌生物量 ,并研究了细菌对葡萄糖的吸收。结果表明 ,1 .夏季台湾海峡南部细菌产量的平均值为 0 .0 9μgC/(L·h) ,冬季海峡北部各站位细菌产量的平均值为 0 .0 4 7μgC/(L·h) ,比夏季北部海区低约 5 0 %。 2 .夏季各站位表层水有相对较高的细菌生物量 ( 9.97— 2 3.1 6μgC/L)。 3.夏季海峡南部细菌生物量受水团的影响显著 ,冬季北部海区上层水体的生物量比夏季南部海区生物量高 ( 1 1 .40— 2 5 .77μgC/L)。 4.细菌产量和生物量的时空分布受多种环境因素和生物过程的影响。 5 .细菌对葡萄糖的最大潜在吸收能力较低 [Vmax=0 .0 0 1 8μgC/(L·h) ],对葡萄糖的周转率 (Tr)为 0 .6% /d。     

Feedback and Feedforward Optimal Control for Offshore Jacket Platforms

The optimal control is investigated for linear systems affected by external harmonic disturbance and applied to vibration control systems of offshore steel jacket platforms. The wave-induced force is the dominant load that offshore structures are subjected to, and it can be taken as harmonic excitation for the system. The iineafized Morison equation is employed to estimate the wave loading. The main result concerns the existence and design of a realizable optimal regulator, which is proposed to damp the forced oscillation in an optimal fashion. For demonstration of the effectiveness of the control scheme, the platform performance is investigated for different wave states. The simulations axe based on the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the active mass damper (AMD) control devices. It is demonstrated that the control scheme is useful in reducing the displacement response of jacket-type offshore platforms.     

吕宋海峡海洋环流的基本特征

根据对高分辨率的并行海洋气候模式输出的较长时间序列的海面高度（ＳＳＨ）场的分析,推断在吕宋海峡附近海区常年存在吕宋海峡黑潮流套,该流套出现于吕宋海峡的中部和北部,表现为一个舌状的ＳＳＨ的高值中心自海峡东部的太平洋向西扩展到南海北部,大致到达１１０°Ｅ的位置,但其位置、形状、强度等表现季节变化,年际变化和季节内时间尺度变化的特征。在吕宋海峡东侧的大洋上,经常出现位置和范围时有变化的反气旋涡,与之对应,在ＳＳＨ的月平均经向和纬向剖面上,吕宋海峡东侧的大洋上有永久存在的ＳＳＨ高值中心。另外在１９９５年１～７月期间有一次完整的黑潮流环脱离黑潮主体并在南海北部向西南方向移动的过程。     

Spatial patterns,rates and mechanisms of saltmarsh cycles (Westerschelde,The Netherlands)

Saltmarsh development was studied in a spatial context, in order to understand the mechanisms involved in saltmarsh cycles. A 30-y time-series of very high resolution false colour aerial photographs was studied for eight saltmarsh sites in the Westerschelde estuary (southwest Netherlands). Detailed maps of vegetation cover were produced for each year, based on a supervised classification, and changes in vegetation cover were analysed in a geographical information system.     

对环路滤波器调制实现锁相环音频调频的技术

介绍了对环路滤波器调制的一点注入式调频的实现原理、设计要点、工程设计实例及测试结果.实测表明通过对环路滤波器的一点注入式调频,是一种切实可行的性价较高的音频调频方式.     

基于模糊聚类循环迭代模型的煤仓沉降预测应用研究

针对神经网络等模型在时间、荷载等综合因素影响下预测精度不高的问题,提出将模糊聚类循环迭代模型应用于沉降预报,根据前期经验数据对后期沉降趋势进行模拟,引用平均相对误差、均方根误差分别衡量总体精度和偏差;经验证模型精度优于BP神经网络和支持向量机等3种方法。结果表明:基于模糊聚类循环迭代模型适用于多因素影响下的煤仓沉降预测,新沉降预测模型应用也将为工程设计应用提供更多参考。