渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜东翼岩溶涌水突泥灾害与整治方案比选

圆梁山隧道是在建铁路重庆至怀化线的关键性控制工程,隧道全长11.068km,最大埋深约780m。隧道施工穿越桐麻岭背斜东翼时,遇到了水平循环带岩溶强烈发育地段,该地段岩溶十分发育,且连通性好;加之数次强降雨,DK361 764、DK360 873等段多次突发大规模的涌水突泥砂、块石灾害,造成部分施工机具掩埋损毁,施工掘进严重受阻,蒙受巨大的经济损失,初步分析认为涌水突泥与地下暗河或岩溶泉群的主管道网络发生较为密切的联系,可以直接接受大气降水补给。为了确保隧道施工和运营安全,针对背斜东翼段岩溶发育情况、涌水突泥特征及其降雨影响程度,进行了泄水洞排水、平导排水、封堵和堵排结合4个整治方案比选,最终采用了泄水洞方案;2003年5～9月雨季,背斜地区多次普降(特)大暴雨,DK361 764、DK360 873等地段又再次突发大规模的涌突水(泥、砂、块石),都通过兴修的泄水洞排泄掉了,隧道及其村砌结构安然无恙,表明采用泄水洞方案整治背斜东翼段的岩溶涌水突泥灾害是正确的选择。     

Pressure-related feedback processes in the generation of pseudotachylytes

Pseudotachylyte formation is typically viewed as a self-limiting process. Quantitative models have demonstrated that frictional melting is possible at seismic slip rates, but once a thin film of melt forms on a seismic fault plane, the dramatic decrease in fault friction is thought to suppress further melting. Volumes of melt-generated pseudotachylyte observed in field studies, however, are in many cases substantially larger than the amounts of frictional melt predicted by theoretical models. This suggests that previously unrecognized physical processes may enhance melting during seismic slip. Localized decompression at dilational jogs may be one such phenomenon. Transient unloading could play two important roles in the dynamics of pseudotachylyte generation. First, by setting up significant fluid pressure gradients, it would lead to rapid migration of the melt to sites of low pressure, thereby reestablishing frictional contact across the fault surface and favoring further melt generation. Second, at significant depths, sudden depressurization might lead to in situ decompression melting.     

盆地模拟的系统观与方法论

盆地模拟是近年来在盆地分析领域中迅速发展差的一项仿真技术，本文客观地分析了盆地模拟技术的现状和缺陷，指出了改进的途径，即引入盆地系统的概念，应用系统论（包括耗散结构理论），信息论和控制论（包括灰色系统控制论）的原则与方法，具体地对模拟对象进行系统分析，建立合乎实际的各种地质作用的概念模型；根据选择论的基本原理，将确定性数学模型和随机性数学模型有机地结构起来，并且在处理模糊现象和灰色系统时尽量采用模     

近区瞬变测深法中发射源AB和接收回线的非偶极影响及校正

在近区瞬变测深法野外工作中,由于测点离发射源很近,所以发射极距AB和接收回线的非偶极影响存在。通过推导出非偶极状态下的均匀大地解析表达式,分析和计算出了其影响误差范围。发现发射极距AB的非偶极影响特性与理想偶极时不同发收距r的影响特性极其相似。利用该特点找出了在原有理论量板上校正AB非偶极影响的有效方法,并给出了校正系数表。     

基于负μ传输线的电偶极子和环天线设计

负μ传输线是一种通过串联电容加载来获得等效负磁导率的人工电磁材料,利用其零传播常数的性质,可以设计具有无限大波长且谐振频率与尺寸无关的谐振器,从而实现天线的小型化和宽带化.本文以基于分段线结构的负μ传输线为例,分别设计了具有宽带特性的电偶极子和环天线.测试结果表明长度为107 mm（1.03λ₀@2.9 GHz）的电偶极子可获得的阻抗带宽约为1.4 GHz（2.2~3.6 GHz,48%）,并且该天线在工作带宽内具有稳定的E面方向图.直径为52 mm（0.5λ₀@2.9 GHz）的环天线可获得的阻抗带宽约为1 GHz（2.4~3.4 GHz,34%）,并且环上具有均匀的电流分布,从而具有磁偶极子的辐射特性.测试和仿真结果吻合较好.     

Model reference adaptive autopilot with anti-windup compensator for an autonomous underwater vehicle: Design and hardware in the loop implementation results

In this paper, a novel model reference adaptive controller with anti-windup compensator (MRAC_AW) is proposed for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Input saturations and parametric uncertainties are among the practical problems in the control of autonomous vehicles. Hence, utilizing a proper adaptive controller with the ability to handle actuator saturations is of a particular value. The proposed technique of this paper incorporates the well-posed model reference adaptive control with integral state feedback and a modern anti-windup scheme to present an appropriate performance in practical conditions of an AUV. Stability of the proposed method is analyzed by Lyapunov theory. Then, the proposed controller is implemented in the hardware in the loop simulation of AUV. For this purpose, the introduced method is implemented in an onboard computer to be checked in a real-time dynamic simulation environment. Obtained results in the presence of real hardware of system, actuators, computational delays and real-time execution verify the effectiveness of proposed scheme.     

基于压磁效应的锈蚀钢筋应力状态检测试验研究

钢筋锈蚀是严重威胁结构安全的耐久性问题,基于压磁效应,研究均匀锈蚀和坑蚀两种锈蚀钢筋的应力状态与压磁场变化的关系。首先,采用通电加速锈蚀方法进行钢筋均匀锈蚀和点蚀试验;然后,通过轴向拉伸静载试验和疲劳加载试验,分析锈蚀钢筋的压磁信号特征。试验结果显示,磁感强度与钢筋应力状态之间具有较好的对应关系,屈服阶段不同锈蚀率下的钢筋磁感强度曲线有较明显区别,疲劳荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋的法向残余磁感强度和磁滞回环面积均呈现疲劳三阶段变化规律,可进一步运用于钢筋应力状态的检测中。     

Influences of agricultural phenology dynamic on land surface biophysical process and climate feedback

Response and feedback of land surface process to climate change is one of the research priorities in the field of geoscience. The current study paid more attention to the impacts of global change on land surface process, but the feedback of land surface process to climate change has been poorly understood. It is becoming more and more meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamic and biophysical process, as well as the feedback on climate. In this paper, we summarized the research progress in this field, including the fact of agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamic in land surface progress model, the influence of agricultural phenology dynamic on biophysical process, as well as its feedback on climate. The results showed that the agriculture phenophase, represented by the key phenological phases such as sowing, flowering and maturity, had shifted significantly due to the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. The digital expressions of land surface dynamic process, as well as the biophysical process and atmospheric process, were improved by coupling phenology dynamic in land surface model. The agricultural phenology dynamic had influenced net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, albedo, temperature, precipitation, circulation, playing an important role in the surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface biophysical process and climate feedback, the following research priorities should be stressed: (1) the interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamic; (2) the relations between agricultural phenology dynamic and land surface reflectivity at different spectrums; (3) the contributions of crop physiology characteristic changes to land surface biophysical process; (4) the regional differences of climate feedbacks from phenology dynamic in different climate zones. This review is helpful to accelerate understanding of the role of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface process and climate feedback.     

湛江湾高水头跨海盾构隧道管片结构典型断面受力计算与监测反馈分析

湛江湾隧道是目前国内最深的跨海盾构隧道,其管片采用斜螺栓连接,错缝拼装,分别采用修正惯用法及梁-弹簧法计算最大覆土断面与最大水深断面管片的受力,并将实测管片受力、水-土压力值与理论计算结果进行比较,分析水-土压力分布模式,结果表明,修正惯用法与梁-弹簧法均可以较好地模拟隧道管片的受力形态,而梁-弹簧法比修正惯用法更接近实测结果;管片呈压扁状态,梁-弹簧法结果受封顶块的位置影响较大;太沙基松弛土压力及水-土压力线性分布模式对深埋海底隧道是适用和安全的;对于本工程来说,管片外荷载以径向水压力为主,是影响管片轴力的主要因素。以上成果可为今后跨海高水头盾构隧道管片的设计及施工提供参考。     

抗剪强度分项系数的标准差反馈标定法

基于可靠度理论的分项系数极限状态设计方法是当今岩土工程设计的一个趋势,分项系数的标定是确定设计参数的关键。岩土材料强度分项系数需反映材料参数的变异性,现有理论方法如安全系数校核法、一次二阶矩校核法、验算点校核法等理论标定方法,没有明确说明分项系数如何降低参数不确定性的影响,理论基础有待进一步完善。因此,提出岩土材料强度分项系数的标准差反馈标定法,该方法在目标可靠度的基础上,通过观察均值的调整对标准差调整的抵消作用,确定材料强度分项系数,由此确定的分项系数能充分反映强度参数的离散性。通过算例对该标定方法的实现进行了说明,并与验算点校核法进行了对比分析,指出标准差反馈标定法比验算点校核法更加合理。