LQG control of lateral–torsional motion of Nanjing TV transmission tower

The 310 m Nanjing TV transmission tower in China will be installed with an active mass driver on the upper observation deck in order to reduce the acceleration responses under strong wind gusts. This paper presents the linear–quadratic–Gaussian (LQG) control strategy using acceleration feedback to reduce the tower responses under coupled lateral–torsional motion. Emphasis is placed on the practical applications, such as the limitations on actuator peak force and stroke, limited number of sensors, etc. The along‐ and across‐wind components of the wind velocity are defined by the cross‐power spectra. In the simulation analysis, both deterministic and stochastic approaches have been used, and the power spectral density, rms values and peak values of response quantities have been computed. Comparisons of the responses of the TV tower due to wind loads from different angles of attack have been made. Simulation results demonstrate that (i) the performance of the active mass driver using the LQG control strategy is remarkable in reducing coupled lateral‐torsional motions of the tower, and (ii) the LQG strategy is robust with respect to uncertainties in the angle of attack of wind loads. The LQG strategy is suitable for the full‐scale implementation of active mass driver on Nanjing Tower. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling Surgery： A New Way Toward Understanding Earth Climate Variability

A new modeling concept, referred to as Modeling Surgery, has been recently developed at University of Wisconsin-Madison. It is specifically designed to diagnose coupled feedbacks between different climate components as well as climatic teleconnections within a specific component through systematically modifying the coupling configurations and teleconnective pathways. It thus provides a powerful means for identifying the causes and mechanisms of low-frequency variability in the Earth＇s climate system. In this paper, we will give a short review of our recent progress in this new area.     

济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积变形层中的环状层理及成因

主要通过钻井岩心观察和岩石薄片鉴定等手段对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近纪环状层理进行研究。研究结果表明,济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理类型多样,形态复杂,计有光滑圆环状及蝌蚪状带“小尾巴”的环状层理、马尾丝或串珠状不规则环圈的环状层理、与阶梯状微断裂伴生的环状层理、链条状环状层理群、纺锤型环状层理群和中心为“飞石”环圈较光滑的环状层理等6种。综合分析认为震动塌落、震动拉伸变形、地震断裂面的摩擦作用、氧化还原反应和扩散作用是环状层理的主要成因,前三种成因的环状层理往往与其他震成构造伴生,可作为震积岩的良好标志。环状层理的其他成因还包括:地震波传播方式的影响、地球自转产生的涡旋的影响、“滚雪球”效应、间歇胶结作用以及生物成因等。研究环状层理必须综合考虑构造位置、应力条件、沉积环境,沉积特征、围岩条件等因素的影响和控制作用。      

精密工程测量数据处理综合系统讲座 第三讲：COSA-GPS及在大规模高精度GPS控制网数据处理中的应用

介绍了COSA-GPS的功能和特点,阐述了COSA-GPS进行大规模高精度GPS控制网数据处理的关键技术,总结了COSA-GPS的更新升级及其在工程测量中的应用情况。     

GPS码跟踪环自适应多径消除算法

根据多径信号的产生机理,在对GPS接收机中的码跟踪环多径信号模型研究的基础上,提出了采用自适应滤波的来消除GPS多径效应的算法。自适应滤波的方法不需要估计模型的系统参数,而直接通过自适应滤波将多径信号滤除。在有噪声的情况下,自适应滤波的RLS算法是最小二乘意义下的最优估计,仿真的结果表明采用自适应滤波算法可以快速的消除多径的影响,修正鉴相函数的过零点偏差,提高码跟踪环的跟踪精度。由于自适应滤波算法是递推算法,易于软、硬件实现。     

瞬变电磁法中心回线装置资料解释方法的改进

中心回线装置是瞬变电磁勘探中最常用的装置之一.中心回线装置的视电阻率一般从回线中心点场的公式出发导出.在现场实际施工中,为提高工作效率,把发射回线中部三分之一的区域作为观测范围.通过对场分布特征的分析研究表明,与中心点相比,观测区边缘处的感应电动势数值偏离达15%~25%,这与广泛存在于华北型煤系中赋存深度为400~1000 m的陷落柱、导水小断层等引起的异常相比,已经不可忽略.大定源回线公式可以准确地表示任意场点的感应电动势,由此导出视电阻率无边缘效应影响;观测按照中心回线方式并保持在近区进行,可使感应电动势和视电阻率之间的转换简单而直接.理论和实际应用结果表明,这些措施进一步提高了瞬变电磁探测中心回线方法的探测精度.在有上覆低阻屏蔽层的情况下,对埋深500~700 m的陷落柱给出了明显的异常反映,并被井下掘进所验证.     

Passive and active control of three‐dimensional buildings

The majority of the recent research effort on structural control considers two‐dimensional plane structures. However, not all buildings can be modelled as plane structures, thus limiting the capability of the proposed procedures only to regular and symmetrical structures. A new procedure is developed in this paper to analyse three‐dimensional buildings utilizing passive and active control devices. In the building model, the floors are assumed rigid in their own plane resulting in three degrees of freedom at each floor. Two types of active control devices utilizing an active tuned mass damper and an active bracing system are considered. The effect of passive mass dampers and active control force in the equations of motion is incorporated by using the Hamilton's principle. The passive parameters of the dampers as well as the controller gain is then optimized using a genetic based optimizer where the H₂, H_∞ and L₁ norms are taken as the objective functions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种土的阻尼比近似计算方法

提出了一种用多边形逼近滞回曲线计算土的阻尼比的方法,该方法可直接利用试验数据进行计算,算法可重复利用,使得阻尼比的计算工作得以简化。将其与传统的椭圆拟合方法计算结果进行了对比,由于实测的滞回圈不是标准的椭圆,两者的计算结果存在一定的差异。     

海草场的生态功能

海草场作为特殊的海洋生态系统之一,尽管其面积占海洋总面积的比例很小,但其具有极高的初级生产力,在地球系统碳循环中起着不可忽视的作用。海草本身还可以作为其他附着生物的附着基,进一步提高了海草场的初级生产力,并为许多海洋动物提供了适宜的食物。海草场的存在,改变了海草场内的流体动力过程,加速了悬浮颗粒的沉降,对稳定海底底质和净化水质有着积极的作用,因此被称为"生态系统工程师"。海草本身可以作为一些海洋动物的食物,同时其复杂的地下和地上结构还为一些海洋动物提供了庇护和栖息场所。而海草植物体的大部分,将最终被微生物分解利用,所产生的营养盐可以满足其它初级生产者生长所需。本文通过总结世界范围内海草场生态学研究成果,旨在阐述海草场生态系统的特征及功能,以提高人们对海草场生态功能的认识,唤起人们对海草场的重视与保护意识。     

地面矩形大定源电磁法频率域三维非线性共轭梯度反演

本文实现了地面矩形大定源三维频率域反演.矩形大定源三维模型响应计算采用交错网格有限差分技术.正演的微分方程为异常电场满足的非齐次Helmholtz方程,方程右手边源项中的大定源产生的背景格林函数由虚界面法结合虚框法计算.频率域三维反演采用非线性共轭梯度反演技术.反演的数据类型为垂直磁场的频率域响应Hz的实部和虚部分量.数值结果表明,(1)三维模型正演模拟数值结果与前人一致,为三维反演奠定基础;(2)针对两个三维导电模型,分别进行了三维反演数值试算.反演结果可以清晰恢复出异常体的电阻率和位置信息,表明地面矩形大定源三维频率域非线性共轭梯度反演具有可行性.本文研究的意义在于,在电磁响应时频转换技术的基础上,如果将野外实测的瞬变电磁数据变换为对应的频率响应,则结合本文提出的三维反演技术,可以为矩形大定源瞬变电磁数据的三维解释提供一个新的思路.