Diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high mountain terrain: High-resolution fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology modelling and impact of lateral flow

Water and energy fluxes are inextricably interlinked within the interface of the land surface and the atmosphere. In the regional earth system models, the lower boundary parameterization of land surface neglects lateral hydrological processes, which may inadequately depict the surface water and energy fluxes variations, thus affecting the simulated atmospheric system through land-atmosphere feedbacks. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologically enhanced regional climate modelling in order to represent the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and coupled WRF Hydrological modelling system (WRF-Hydro) are applied in a high alpine catchment in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the headwater area of the Heihe River. By evaluating and intercomparing model results by both models, the role of lateral flow processes on the surface energy fluxes dynamics is investigated. The model evaluations suggest that both WRF and coupled WRF-Hydro reasonably represent the diurnal variations of the near-surface meteorological fields, surface energy fluxes and hourly partitioning of available energy. By incorporating additional lateral flow processes, the coupled WRF-Hydro simulates higher surface soil moisture over the mountainous area, resulting in increased latent heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux of around 20–50 W/m² in their diurnal peak values during summertime, although the net radiation and ground heat fluxes remain almost unchanged. The simulation results show that the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes follows the local terrain and vegetation features. This highlights the importance of consideration of lateral flow processes over areas with heterogeneous terrain and land surfaces.     

面向空间信息智能分发的动态化用户偏好模型研究

用户偏好模型的构建方法是制约空间信息智能分发理论取得进展的关键瓶颈。现有的空间信息智能分发算法和系统存在空间范围定位不准确、效用度计算存在偏差等缺陷,且大多关注用户的检索行为对偏好模型的贡献却均未考虑时间因素的影响,也很少注意到用户反馈的作用。鉴于此,对现有文献的理论和算法进行扩展,通过引入区域数、兴趣废、兴趣度密度等概念和算法,以及权值衰减函数和用户信息反馈等动态化因素,使模型能够更为准确、及时地随着用户偏好特征的变化进行修正。试验表明,相较于传统的静态模型而言,该模型能够更为有效地反映用户偏好特征的变化。     

变系数紧耦合波动方程组的非线性边界镇定

利用黎曼几何方法和乘子技巧,讨论了带变系数和非线性边界扩散反馈项的紧耦合波动方程组的镇定,得到了解能量的衰减估计.     

一种改进的测量控制网最小独立环搜索算法

对已有的生成树搜索方法进行了改进,利用广度优先的思想搜索,线性表结构存储数据,提高了算法的时间效率,简化了计算复杂度,使得该方法更加适用于大型测量控制网的最小闭合环搜索。     

在阶跃圆电流激发下球形地质体的瞬变电磁响应

对被均匀导电介质包围的球形地质体的瞬变电磁响应作了解析研究。激发场源为通有阶跃电流的圆形回路，在轴对称条件下，建立起关于德拜位的偏微分方程，直接在时间域用分离变量法求解，得出了解析解。给出了几种特殊情形下的解式，还得出了在导电球体被弱导电介质包围条件下的近似解式。     

Impact of the Ice-albedo Feedback on Meridional Temperature Gradient of Northern Hemisphere

This paper analyzes the variation of meridional temperature gradient (MTG) over mid-latitude and high-latitude of Northern Hemisphere continents during last 100 years using observational data. It is found that MTG over high-latitude of Northern Hemisphere continents has an increasing trend, but the simulation results of CMIP5 models show a decreasing trend. Results of this study showed the decrease of MTG over the high-latitude continents of Northern Hemisphere calculated by CMIP5 historical simulations mainly because the models of CMIP5 exaggerated ice-albedo feedback over high-latitude regions. A series of simulation results by energy balance climate models showed that ice-albedo feedback amplified the magnitude of warming in the global warming induced only by carbon dioxide, and the magnitude of warming in high latitude was much larger than that in low-latitude regions. Along with global warming, ice-albedo feedback has little influence on MTG in low-latitude, but can induce the decrease of MTG in high-latitude regions.     

南极磷虾渔业反馈式管理探析

随着近几年南极磷虾渔业的快速发展,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)正在抓紧建立反馈式管理(FBM)机制,以预防和控制磷虾渔业对南大洋局部生态系统可能产生的负面影响,介绍了CCAMLR南极磷虾渔业反馈式管理的基本概念和理论框架,梳理了反馈式管理工作开展的具体进程;侧重阐述了近期反馈式管理的两类模式策略,分析了反馈式管理关注的科学问题和基础理论、方法;提出我国渔业相关机构应积极储备科学数据和理论,参与反馈式管理建设,以适应未来南极磷虾渔业新的管理模式,促进我国南极磷虾渔业的可持续发展。     

Real time hybrid simulation: from dynamic system,motion control to experimental error

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has increasingly been recognized as a powerful methodology to evaluate structural components and systems under realistic operating conditions. It is a cost effective approach compared with large scale shake table testing. Furthermore, it can maximally preserve rate dependency and nonlinear characteristics of physically tested (non)structural components. Although conceptually very attractive, challenges do exist that require comprehensive validation before RTHS should be employed to assess complicated physical phenomena. One of the most important issues that governs the stability and accuracy of an RTHS is the ability to achieve synchronization of boundary conditions between the computational and physical substructures. The objective of this study is to propose and validate an H_∞ loop shaping design for actuator motion control in RTHS. Controller performance is evaluated in the laboratory using a worst‐case substructure proportioning scheme. A modular, one‐bay, one‐story steel moment resisting frame specimen is tested experimentally. Its deformation is kept within the linear range for ready comparison with the reference closed‐form solution. Both system analysis and experimental results show that the proposed H_∞ strategy can significantly improve both the stability limit and test accuracy compared with several existing strategies. Another key feature of the proposed strategy is its robust performance in terms of unmodeled dynamics and uncertainties, which inevitably exist in any physical system. This feature is essential to enhance test quality for specimens with nonlinear dynamic behavior, thus ensuring the validity of the proposed approach for more complex RTHS implementations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碎石土滑坡综合治理及评价决策方法

碎石土滑坡是一类由降雨激发失稳而产生滑动破坏的滑坡类型,要实现对其综合治理和评价决策,滑坡治理稳定性分析及效果评价就不容忽视。基于官家滑坡实际地质条件和变形破坏情况进行变形破坏机制研究和稳定性影响因素分析,在此基础上实施滑坡工程治理规划处置和治理稳定性分析,然后再参照降雨及滑坡变形情况构建加卸载响应比模型来实现滑坡稳定状态反馈和工程治理效果评价。研究表明：降雨作用及地下水变化是碎石土滑坡变形破坏最主要的动力因素,滑坡工程治理依据排水及抗滑原则确定综合处置措施,经治理稳定性分析,其稳定系数可大幅提高,完全满足不低于1.25的规范要求;并且基于加卸载响应比模型分析滑坡经综合治理后处于安全稳定状态,工程治理措施实施科学合理,工程治理效果显著,综合作用下滑坡稳定性好、安全可靠。     

基于等效磁偶极子的定源回线瞬变响应计算方法及视电阻率定义

为求解定源回线内不同位置瞬变电磁响应表达式,提出了将发射源进行分解,等效为不同位置多个垂直磁偶极子,对各垂直磁偶极子源产生的响应进行叠加来获得定源回线的瞬变响应。完成了定源回线内任意点的场值计算,获得了定源回线装置垂直分量瞬变响应值,给出了定源回线装置下的全区视电阻率定义,并在理论模型条件下进行了计算验证。该方法计算速度快,精度高,能够满足计算要求。