直流电测深法与中心回线瞬变电磁法联合反演

分析了直流电测深法(VES)与中心回线瞬变电磁法(TEM)对地层的响应特征,结果显示:TEM对低阻层反应灵敏,而VES对高阻层具有较高的分辨能力。基于TEM与VES对地层响应特征互补的特点,尝试将TEM与VES数据进行联合反演,模型试算结果表明,联合反演的效果明显比单一方法反演的效果好。     

Catchment chemostasis revisited: Water quality responds differently to variations in weather and climate

Solute concentrations in streamflow typically vary systematically with stream discharge, and the resulting concentration–discharge relationships are important signatures of catchment biogeochemical processes. Solutes derived from mineral weathering often exhibit decreasing concentrations with increasing flows, suggesting dilution of a kinetically limited weathering flux by a variable flux of water. However, previous work showed that concentration–discharge relationships of weathering‐derived solutes in 59 headwater catchments were much weaker than this simple dilution model would predict. Instead, catchments behaved as chemostats, with rates of solute production and/or mobilization that were nearly proportional to water fluxes, on both event and interannual timescales. Here, we re‐examine these findings using data for a wider range of solutes from 2,186 catchments, ranging from ~10 to >1,000,000 km² in drainage area and spanning a wide range of lithologic and climatic settings. Concentration–discharge relationships among this much larger set of larger catchments are broadly consistent with the previously described chemostatic behaviour, at least on event and interannual timescales for weathering‐derived solutes. Among these same catchments, however, site‐to‐site variations in mean concentrations of weathering‐derived solutes exhibit strong negative correlations with long‐term average precipitation and discharge, reflecting strong climatic control on long‐term leaching of the critical zone. We use multiple regression of site characteristics including discharge to identify potential controls on long‐term mean concentrations and find that lithologic and land cover controls are significant predictors for many analytes. The picture that emerges is one in which, on event and interannual timescales, weathering‐derived stream solute concentrations are chemostatically buffered by groundwater storage and fast chemical reactions, but each catchment's chemostatic “set point” reflects site‐to‐site differences in climatically driven evolution of the critical zone. In contrast to these weathering products, some nutrients and particulates are often near‐chemostatic across all timescales, and their long‐term mean concentrations correlate more strongly with land use than climatic characteristics.     

Single/multiple input-single output transfer function with noise models for constituents of iron ores of Northern Goa, India

Parametric time domain time series models for different chemical constituents such as SiO ₂,Fe ₂ O ₃,TiO ₂,MnO, and P ₂ O ₅ of iron ores belonging to banded hematite quartzites in Bicholim Mine (Goa) have been utilized for forecasting Fe ₂ O ₃ assay values through single/multiple input—single output (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) transfer function with noise methodology. Statistically significant correlated chemical constituent inputs (say, SiO ₂,TiO ₂,MnO, P ₂ O ₅ ) along lateral (horizontal strike direction) and vertical (perpendicular to bedding planes) sections in this mine are useful in modeling as well as forecasting assay values of blocks of ore to be exploited. Parameters of transfer function—noise models are estimated by utilizing time domain methodology, and the usefulness of these models for optimization of mining operations is discussed.     

The configuration of the loop-like structure of the solar atmosphere

An integral, governing steady flows in an isolated thin magnetic flux tube in the hydrostatic plane-stratified atmosphere, has been obtained. The integral, that we named as the shape integral, is expressed as (1 − M_A²)B cos θ = const. Here M_A² is the Alfven Mach number, B is the magnetic field strength and θ is the flux tube inclination to the horizontal. The shape integral should hold for most loop models because it represents just the momentum balance laws and has no relation to any energy balance mode. Its application to the isothermal and static cases is discussed and illustrated.     

Unified displacement boundary constraint formulation for discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)

Displacement boundary constraints in discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are applied using stiff penalty springs. A co‐ordinate‐free formulation for displacement boundary constraints is presented here for DDA, which unifies previous derivations for points of fixity, and for points constrained to induce or prohibit block motion in specified directions as a function of location or time. Examples for each type of constraint are used to illustrate the behaviour of the algorithm and provide a link with previous formulations for each case. The new, unified formulation has five benefits: (1) simple to express algorithmically; (2) easy to program and verify; (3) penalty values in different directions may be chosen to allow fixed points, lines, curves or planes; (4) formulation works for 2D and 3D; (5) displacement constraint may be a function of time or location or both. Feedback in the algorithm may induce internal resonance in homogeneously deformable discrete elements used in DDA, and resonance in block‐to‐block contact interactions. Consequently, high mass problems with insufficient damping may suffer from excessive ‘vibrational hammering’, inducing physically implausible behaviour such as elastic rebound. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Persistence of Summer Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Midlatitude North Pacific and Its Interdecadal Variability

The present study investigates the persistence of summer sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) in the midlatitude North Pacific and its interdecadal variability. Summer SSTAs can persist for a long time(approximately 8–14 months)around the Kuroshio Extension(KE) region. This long persistence may be strongly related to atmospheric forcing because the mixed layer is too shallow in the summer to be influenced by the anomalies at depths in the ocean. Changes in atmospheric circulation, latent heat flux, and longwave radiation flux all contribute to the long persistence of summer SSTAs. Among these factors, the longwave radiation flux has a dominant influence. The effects of sensible heat flux and shortwave radiation flux anomalies are not significant. The persistence of summer SSTAs displays pronounced interdecadal variability around the KE region, and the variability is very weak during 1950–82 but becomes stronger during 1983–2016. The changes in atmospheric circulation, latent heat flux, and longwave radiation flux are also responsible for this interdecadal variability because their forcings on the summer SSTAs are sustained for much longer after 1982.     

Response of the North Pacific Storm Track Activity in the Cold Season to Multi-scale Oceanic Variations of Kuroshio Extension System: A Statistical Assessment

In this paper, a statistical method called Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Analysis(GEFA) is used to investigate the responses of the North Pacific Storm Track(NPST) in the cold season to the multi-scale oceanic variations of the Kuroshio Extension(KE) system, including its large-scale variation, oceanic front meridional shift, and mesoscale eddy activity.Results show that in the cold season from the lower to the upper troposphere, the KE large-scale variation significantly weakens the storm tr...     

一种基于占有率反馈的虚拟网络映射算法

网络虚拟化技术通过对物理资源的抽象,可以有效解决现有互联网架构中存在的网络结构僵化、可扩展性差等问题.虚拟网络映射问题是指将用户发送的所有虚网请求映射到底层物理网络中,同时还要满足虚网请求中对各个资源的限制要求（如节点计算能力、链路带宽等）.从节点负载平衡的角度出发,在基于就近原则的虚网映射算法基础上,引入节点负载平衡的反馈机制,引导各个虚网请求更均匀地映射到底层物理网络中.另外,在k短路径算法机制中引入了当前链路资源占有率作为评价参考标准,这样可以尽可能均匀地分散链路压力.同时,在检验链路资源是否满足虚网请求的过程中,由于优先选中的链路资源占有率低,所以算法映射成功率高,映射耗时更短,虚拟网络映射效率得到了有效提高.     

FBS-3A型反馈式宽频带地震计的传递函数

FBS-3A型反馈式宽频带地震计是目前广泛使用的一种地震计．对其传递函数开展相关研究，对仪器的使用、观测数据的分析，以及仪器的设计开发具有十分重要的实际意义．本文运用系统分析方法，从阐明仪器的工作原理入手，详尽地推导了该地震计的传递函数（包括标定过程的传递函数和测量过程的传递函数）；在此基础上，分析了其零、极点在复频域的分布情况，从而提供了将该地震计系统从一个高阶系统简化成为一个二阶系统的依据．此外，还以传递函数为基础，对该地震计的频率特性进行了数学仿真计算.      

Transfer function of FBS-3A feedback broadband seismometer

IntroductionFBS-3A feedback broadband seismometer is a sensor suitable for digital telemetered seismic network observation, which was developed in a key project among the (Eighth Five-Year Plan( to meet the demand for the development of earthquake and premonitor digital observation experiment system (ZHAO, et al, 1997; ZHUANG, 1995).FBS-3A is quite different from conventional mechanical seismometers because electronic feedback technology is applied to it, as a result the measurement ba…