具有门限的一种非线性随机-动力模式

提出一种附加门限控制的具有非线性反馈作用的随机-动力模式,从而对具有线性反馈的随机-动力气候模式加以改进。从理论上说,这种具有门限的随机气候模式可使气候系统内部反馈机制中的非线性特征更为明显,以便更加客观地模拟和预报短期的气候变化。     

THE MEANDER OF KUROSHIO AND OSCILLATION IN A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL*

A numerical experiment of an asynchronous coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been described in this paper.A two-layer global atmosphere general circulation model(OSU/IAP-AGCM)and a two-layer North Pacific Ocean general circulation model(NPOGCM) developed by Liu et al.(1992)are used in numerical experiment.The sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) corresponding to the meander of the Kuroshio is treated as the initial perturbation in the Pacific Ocean and the abnormal phenomena caused by the disturbance and the interaction between atmosphere and ocean,have been studied.The numerical experiment showed that the SST anomaly in the North Pacific could induce a new 30-60 day osciltation through the coupling between atmosphere and ocean and the interaction between the meander of the Kuroshio and atmosphere circulation is a positive feedback process.     

不同暴雨系统中潜热反馈作用的对比研究

选择两种类型的暴雨个例用数值试验研究了不同条件下潜热反馈作用的大小，结果发现对于不同的暴雨系统，潜热作用差别很大，“６２６”（１９８６年６月２６日）京津冀暴雨中它使雨量增加约一倍，而“７５８”（１９７５年８月７日）河南暴雨却增加约四倍。此外，潜热反馈对高低空急流强度、位置，以及对上升运动大小的影响程度，也都是在“７５８”暴雨过程中较大。数值试验证明了造成这种差别的重要原因是高空急流强度和风速铅直切     

基于序列影像的飞机姿态跟踪测量方法研究

探讨了一种基于序列影像的飞机姿态获取方法。基于这些影像和运动轨迹 ,从摄影测量和投影几何的角度出发 ,深入探讨了利用序列影像对空中飞行的目标进行姿态跟踪测量的方法 ,并提出了利用广义点反馈迭代的最小二乘方法 (parapointfeedbackiteration ,PFI)和模拟影像与真实影像匹配的目标姿态跟踪求解方案。     

Rift zone reorganization through flank instability in ocean island volcanoes: an example from Tenerife, Canary Islands

The relationship between rift zones and flank instability in ocean island volcanoes is often inferred but rarely documented. Our field data, aerial image analysis, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar chronology from Anaga basaltic shield volcano on Tenerife, Canary Islands, support a rift zone—flank instability relationship. A single rift zone dominated the early stage of the Anaga edifice (~6–4.5 Ma). Destabilization of the northern sector led to partial seaward collapse at about ~4.5 Ma, resulting in a giant landslide. The remnant highly fractured northern flank is part of the destabilized sector. A curved rift zone developed within and around this unstable sector between 4.5 and 3.5 Ma. Induced by the dilatation of the curved rift, a further rift-arm developed to the south, generating a three-armed rift system. This evolutionary sequence is supported by elastic dislocation models that illustrate how a curved rift zone accelerates flank instability on one side of a rift, and facilitates dike intrusions on the opposite side. Our study demonstrates a feedback relationship between flank instability and intrusive development, a scenario probably common in ocean island volcanoes. We therefore propose that ocean island rift zones represent geologically unsteady structures that migrate and reorganize in response to volcano flank instability.Editorial responsibility: T. DruittThis revised version was published online in February 2005 with typographical corrections and a changed wording.     

The Effect of Orography on Evaporation

The effect of orography on the spatial variability of surface evaporation is studied numerically for two hill heights and two prescribed forms of surface resistance. A numerical model of the planetary boundary layer carrying scalars of temperature and specific humidity, and with a surface energy balance scheme, is employed. It is found that the difference in mean evaporation between model runs with hills and analogous runs for flat terrain may be explained primarily by an increase in surface area and adiabatic cooling at the hill surface.     

晚冰期Younger Drayas环境灾变

新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas Event)是过去15000年里全球最为严重的环境灾变事件。它使得冰期气候急剧回返,陆地自然环境严重恶化,并且遣成更新世末期的生物界大绝灭。该事件在深海沉积、大陆冰盖和湖泊沉积物剖面都有多种十分显著的记录。对其成因和机制的研究,将会深入揭示太阳辐射—大气—海洋气—冰盖气—陆地气—生物圈相互作用系统中的非线性反馈现象,为探索人类面临的全球变化问题提供借鉴。     

宽频带负反馈地震计的实用标定方法

阐述了一种低成本有效标定宽频带负反馈地震计的方法,给出了实际标定结果和数据处理方法。     

城市可持续发展与空间决策支持

城市是一个社会，经济活动高度密集的综合体，城市可持续发展有其特殊的内涵。城市可持续发展是一个时空腹合的反馈－调控过程，必须在时空复合空间上研究城市系统的演变。     

GS-15重力仪电磁反馈检测技术

GS-15型重力仪是利用摆杆位移大小来量度重力相对变化的精密仪器,摆杆位移是通过电容换能进行测量。由于该仪器为开环检测系统,而且系统的末级加接0.01Hz的有源滤波器,这样就失去了大于0.01Hz的高频成分,且使潮波产生相位失真,同时还存在着电路非线性带来的测量误差,因而测量精度难以提高。为此笔者对GS-15型重力仪加装了电磁反馈装置,将开环检测改为闭环检测,利用电磁力使重力仪摆杆始终处于零电平的动态平衡状态,以电磁反馈输出大小来度量重力的变化,这样就将开环检测系统改装为平衡电桥闭环检测系统,其时间常数为2秒。 改装后,消除了电路的非线性影响,增强了系统的稳定性,记录的固体潮含有丰富的谐波,同时系统还增加了一路稳态零位输出,为地壳形变、地震预报和地球物理研究提供了波群丰富的资料