Sequence stratigraphy of the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian), southern Utah: interplay of eustasy and tectonics in a foreland basin

The Dakota Formation in southern Utah (Kaiparowits Plateau region) is a succession of fluvial through shallow-marine facies formed during the initial phase of filling of the Cretaceous foreland basin of the Sevier orogen. It records a number of relative sea-level fluctuations of different frequency and magnitude, controlled by both tectonic and eustatic processes during the Early to Late Cenomanian. The Dakota Formation is divided into eight units separated by regionally correlatable surfaces that formed in response to relative sea-level fluctuations. Units 1–6B represent, from bottom to top, valley-filling deposits of braided streams (unit 1), alluvial plain with anastomosed to meandering streams (2), tide-influenced fluvial and tide-dominated estuarine systems (3A and 3B), offshore to wave-dominated shoreface (4, 5 and 6A) and an estuarine incised valley fill (6A and 6B). The onset of flexural subsidence and deposition in the foredeep was preceded by eastward tilting of the basement strata, probably caused by forebulge migration during the Early Cretaceous, which resulted in the incision of a westward-deepening predepositional relief. The basal fluvial deposits of the Dakota Formation, filling the relief, reflect the onset of flexural subsidence and, possibly, a eustatic sea-level rise. Throughout the deposition of the Dakota Formation, flexure controlled the long-term, regional subsidence rate. Locally, reactivation of basement faults caused additional subsidence or minor uplift. Owing to a generally low subsidence rate, differential compaction locally influenced the degree of preservation of the Dakota units. Eustasy is believed to have been the main control on the high-frequency relative sea-level changes recorded in the Dakota. All surfaces that separate individual Dakota units are flooding surfaces, most of which are superimposed on sequence boundaries. Therefore, with the exception of unit 6B and, possibly, 3B, most of the Dakota units are interpreted as depositional sequences. Fluvial strata of units 1 and 2 are interpreted as low-frequency sequences; the coal zones at the base and within unit 2 may represent a response to higher frequency flooding events. Units 3A to 6B are interpreted as having formed in response to high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations. Shallow-marine units 4, 5 and 6A, interpreted as parasequences by earlier authors, can be divided into facies-based systems tracts and show signs of subaerial exposure at their boundaries, which allows interpretation as high-frequency sequences. In general, the Dakota units are good examples of high-frequency sequences that can be misinterpreted as parasequences, especially in distal facies or in places where signs of subaerial erosion are missing or have been removed by subsequent transgressive erosion. Both low- and high-frequency sequences represented by the Dakota units are stacked in an overall retrogradational pattern, which reflects a long-term relative sea-level rise, punctuated by brief periods of relative sea-level fall. There is a relatively major fall near the end of the M. mosbyense Zone, whereas the base of the Tropic shale is characterized by a major flooding event at the base of the S. gracile Zone. A similar record of Cenomanian relative sea-level change in other regions, e.g. Europe or northern Africa, suggests that both high- and low-frequency relative sea-level changes were governed by eustasy. The high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations of ≈100 kyr periodicity and ≈10–20 m magnitude, similar to those recorded in other Cenomanian successions in North America and Central Europe, were probably related to Milankovitch-band, climate-driven eustasy. Either minor glacioeustatic fluctuations, superimposed on the overall greenhouse climate of the mid-Cretaceous, or mechanisms, such as the fluctuations in groundwater volume on continents or thermal expansion and contraction of sea water, could have controlled the high-frequency eustatic fluctuations.     

半干旱区内陆湖泊透明度高光谱估测模型研究——以松嫩平原查干湖为例

通过实测查干湖高光谱数据,建立透明度(Secchi Disk Depth,SDD)单波段估测模型、比值估测模型以及神经网络高光谱估测模型,并以确定性系数R2以及剩余残差RMSE为指标进行了验证.通过对单波段估测模型和比值估测模型进行比较发现,单波段模型估测结果与比值模型相差无几,而水体透明度经对数处理有利于模型精度提高,但是神经网络模型是三者中最优的.查干湖透明度高光谱定量估测模型的建立,有利于今后利用遥感影像,对查干湖水体透明度进行全面估测,对于研究和监测查干湖水体水质状况有重要意义.     

环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策

本文中阐述了环渤海沿海地区海（成）水入侵的主要方式、发展进程、影响因素等基本特征,提出海（成）水入侵的综合防治对策。研究区海（成）水入侵主要有面状、带状、脉状或树枝状和越流等4种入侵方式。气候、地形地貌、地质与水文地质是发生海（成）水入侵的基础条件,地下水超采等人类不合理工程经济活动是诱发海（成）水入侵的主要原因。通过调整产业结构、建立节水型社会体系,合理规划利用水土资源,建造阻成蓄淡工程,跨流域引水,以及建立健全监测预警系统等综合措施,防止海（成）水入侵的发展。     

东天山板块构造分区、演化与成矿地质背景研究

围绕东天山找矿的基础地质构造问题，编制了新的1：50万东天山地区大地构造图和1：100万东天山地区成矿规律图。划分出新的大地构造单元，确认了中天山结晶轴的存在。将东天山地区显生宇以来的大地构造演化划分为洋壳扩张、俯冲岛弧、弧后盆地和碰撞造山期及造山期后伸展5个阶段，各阶段分别形成了对应的矿床和矿床组合，明确了主要矿床如土屋铜矿（泥盆纪－早石炭世增生弧背景）、黄山－香山铜镍矿（早二叠世同碰撞背景）的成矿时代和成矿环境。     

北秦岭柳叶河盆地上三叠统物源区及其与鄂尔多斯盆地的关系——来自碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 年龄的证据

对陕西省周至地区北秦岭晚古生代—中生代柳叶河盆地上三叠统石英砂岩进行单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析。以岩浆锆石为主的77个测试点给出的年龄值形成7个年龄组：256~475Ma、1500~1680Ma、1750~2190Ma、2190~2310Ma、2400~2650Ma、2700~2800Ma和2850~2960Ma。其中最年轻的锆石年龄为256±4Ma,最老的锆石年龄是2954±25Ma。峰值年龄以1750~2190Ma古元古代年龄组为代表 （占总测点的64%）。将柳叶河盆地上三叠统与石炭系碎屑锆石年龄结构进行对比,前者新元古代年龄结构缺失,表明晚古生代介于柳叶河与鄂尔多斯盆地间的北秦岭北部具新元古代年龄结构的古陆,晚三叠世相对沉降,成为盆地次要物源区。结合与周缘地体年龄结构对比,北秦岭南部二郎坪群、秦岭群、丹凤群、南缘的沉积楔形体刘岭群及北秦岭与加里东期活动陆缘沟-弧-盆体系相关的岩浆作用产物此时则成为盆地主要物源区。北秦岭内部北降南升。柳叶河盆地上三叠统碎屑锆石与鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上三叠统延长组砂岩碎屑锆石较好的可对比性,以及柳叶河盆地北侧源区（北秦岭北部）的构造变动、化石等证据表明,柳叶河盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地在晚三叠世很有可能连通,柳叶河盆地可能代表鄂尔多斯盆地的南部边缘。     

Effects of Oxbow Reconnection Based on the Distribution and Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates

This study focuses on the assessment of relationships between flow and macrozoobenthos structure that was performed in a reconnected oxbow lake located in the S?upia River floodplain (northern Poland). The lake was created during river straightening at the beginning of 20th century by cutting off the right‐bank meander. The oxbow restoration was performed to enhance the ecological viability of this water body and restore riverine wetland. In July 2000 the oxbow was connected with the river channel through PVC pipes which enabled free water movement. Macrozoobenthos sampling, as well as chemical analyses of water and hydrological measurements, took place both before and after the oxbow reconnection. Before the oxbow reconnection, the dominant species was Asellus aquaticus, whereas after the reconnection the structure of benthic species changed significantly. During the first year it was replaced by bivalves and Chironomidae larvae and then A. aquaticus. After the reconnection, macrozoobenthos mean density was 5‐fold higher and the mean wet biomass was 77‐fold higher than before the reconnection. The number of taxa increased from 4 before the oxbow reconnection to 17 during the first year after the performed works and 20 in the next year. We stated that the revitalization process of the reconnected oxbow lake has long‐term consequences for the benthic communities. The most significant feature of the oxbow reconnection is the qualitative and quantitative recolonization by riverine macrozoobenthos species. The performed restoration significantly improved ecological status of the oxbow lake by the increase in biodiversity and water quality.     

Determining the seasonality of groundwater recharge using water isotopes: a case study from the upper North Han River basin,Korea

The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were used to determine the seasonal contributions of precipitation to groundwater recharge at a forested catchment area in the upper North Han River basin, Korea. A comparison of the stable isotopic signatures of groundwater and precipitation indicates that the precipitations which occurred during both the dry and rainy seasons are the important source of groundwater recharge in this region. A stable isotopic signature shown in the stream waters at the upstream reaches is similar to that of groundwaters, indicating that stream waters are mostly fed by groundwater discharge. Reservoir waters in the downstream flood control dams have lower deuterium excess values or d-values compared with those of the upstream waters, indicating a secondary evaporative enrichment. These results can provide a basis for the effective management of groundwater and stream water resources in the North Han River basin.     

A Raman investigation on the boron form occurring in salt lake brine during evaporation

Boron resources are abundant in Da Qaidam salt lake of Qaidamu Basin. It has been given great attention for the polyborate species present in brine. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the existing-form of boron in brine during evaporation. The prepared solutions of MgO·2B2O3-H2O, MgO·2B2O3-MgCl2 -H2O, and MgO·2B2O3-MgSO4-H2O was also evaporated and recorded to study the influence of boron concentration, pH, and electrolytes on the borate speciation in brine. The mononborates of B(OH)3 and B(OH)4- were found to be the only forms present in the original salt lake brine. Brine evaporation promotes the formation of polyborate anions B3O3(OH)4-, B5O6(OH)4-, and B6O7(OH)62- and also disappearance of the B(OH)4- ion in brine with boron concentration of more than 11 g/L in B2O3. The pentaborate ion of B5O6(OH)4- was sensitive to the solution pH and found to be appeared under the pH value of 8.0. While the hexaborate ion of B6O7(OH)62- was observed more dependent on the electrolyte of magnesium chloride due to its special properties, such as promoting boron accumulation, lowering solution pH, and also the strong af?nity for water molecules, which is beneficial to the polymerization of borate ions in brine. The interaction mechanisms among polyborate anions during evaporation had also been proposed.     

裂谷盆地构造热演化的数值模型及在南海北部的应用

在沉积盆地的定量模拟研究中,建立各种数值模型是研究的基础。由于裂谷盆地在科学研究和油气勘探上的重要性,对其数值模型的研究一直受到高度重视,提出了众多理论模型。本文选择影响较大的或对南海被动陆缘研究有重要作用的数值型进行介绍,包括最基础的McKenzie瞬时拉伸模型,以及后来发展起来的限时拉伸模型、单剪伸展模型、挠曲悬臂梁模型、伸展随深度变化的模型和多幕拉伸模型。重点介绍各个模型的基本假设、应用条件、盆地演化的数学表达式,分析各模型之间的异同点和相互关系。文中还列举了南海北部的一些研究实例,以帮助深入理解不同数值模型的方法和应用。     

陕北神木地区早、中侏罗世含煤岩系层序地层特征

以陕北神木地区1:5万区域地质调查成果资料为基础,运用层序地层学的理论和方法,系统分析与研究了该区中生代含煤岩系的层序地层特征、盆地充填样式,初步建立了该地区区域岩石地层模型。本文反映了该区层序地层学研究的新进展,对应用层序地层学理论进行成煤规律分析及成矿预测进行了有益的探索。