湘中断裂体系分维与锑矿分布

笔者将分形几何学的原理和方法,应用于湘中地区断裂体系的二维平面分布特征研究,发现在研究的标度范围内（ｒ约２～８０ｋｍ）不仅具有统计自相似性,并且同一地区,不同分区具有不同的分维值Ｄ,分维值分布特征为东南区分维值高于西北区分维值,将本区断裂体系的这种分维值分布特征与锑矿床分布特征对比,可发现锑矿床（点）产出较多,矿床规模较大的地区,其分维值较大。     

Dispersion attenuation structure of the crust around the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tanlu fault zone in North China

On the condition that the velocity ratio of compressive wave to shear wave is stable during the propagating process of seismic wave, this paper develops an estimation method for medium quality factor based on single station's travel time difference between direct S and P waves and the first period signal of direct P wave. 8 774 high SNR wave data altogether recorded by 75 stations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) under the normal regional stress field, the quality factors Q_mSP in the stable tectonic area are higher than that in the active tectonic area around the Weifang-Jiashan section and its surrounding area in the Tanlu fault zone; (2) in the Juxian-Tancheng section the seismic wave attenuation is relatively quick, and the media is relatively broken, suggesting no tectonic stress accumulation; (3) the Xinyi-Sihong section is currently locking and in accumulating elastic strain energy stage, which has the deep environment and conditions of strong earthquake generation similar to those of the 1668 M8.5 Tancheng strong earthquake.     

断裂对地下水力扩散的影响及其与诱发地震关系的讨论

本文重点讨论了断裂规模、断裂相交网络和断裂力学的性质对地下水力扩散的影响,及其与诱发地震的关系。指出断裂密集成带的地方,水力扩散大。根据流体流动规律,水力扩散沿断裂方向流体流速大,断裂越长越深,沿断裂方向水力扩散距离就越大。而水力扩散随深度的变化,由于不同深度上岩性变化和应力状态的不同,有的深度上的岩类可能出现扩容而增大水力扩散。因此它并不是随围压的增大而单值地减少。 文章指出断裂的末端和断裂的交汇处是地下水富集的地方,在水富集地方的四周,水力扩散比其它地方要大。另外现代活动的张性和张扭性断裂比压性和压扭性断裂的水力扩散大。文章还提出水沿断裂扩散是水库诱发地震的直接原因。水力扩散大的断裂,水库诱发地震的可能性大,规模大而活的断裂诱发地震的震级可能大。     

Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.     

单侯井田构造发育规律及其对煤层开采的影响

从区域构造入手,对单侯井田构造进行分析,认为井田内断层发育以走向NW—NE、落差≤5m的小型正断层为主,且主要分布于大中型构造的两侧．特别是在其弧形转折带附近往往形成“羽”状雁列的小断层密集带。断层垂向上多分布于4—7号煤层之间的厚煤层发育区,其严重破坏了煤层的连续及完整性,是影响煤层开采的最主要因素之一。井田褶皱构造相对不发育,以短轴小型背、向斜为主,均属缓波状褶曲,对煤层的开采无影响或影响较小。根据井田地质构造发育程度,对其进行预测及分区评价：井田东部为强烈的构造挤压带,以发育走向NW-近EW—NE向的大型逆掩断层为特点,构造最复杂;井田西北部是相对较轻微的构造挤压带,以发育走向NE向的逆断层为特征,构造较复杂;井田南部以发育近SN或NNW向正断层为主,构造相对简单。评价结果对矿井设计及采区与工作面布置有一定的指导作用。     

山东尚南断块古近系东营组沉积相及其古地理?

尚南断块位于山东省胜利油田东营凹陷尚店油田西南部。该区的古近系东营组顶底均为不整合面或沉积间断面，发育了较好的湖侵三角洲相沉积。基于100余口钻井、地震资料，70多张单井剖面柱状图编制及14条剖面的对比，进行了东营组精细沉积相研究，编制出30余幅沉积微相投点图和岩相古地理图。研究表明，东营 沉积时期气候潮湿、雨水丰沛、河流纵横、湖泊扩大、湖水变深等为处于斜坡地区的尚南地区发育湖侵期三角洲提供了良好的条件。控制该区沉积和地层发育的区域性物源来自埕宁隆起和鲁西隆起，但来自滨县凸起和林樊家突起的局部物源也有很大影响。东营期岩相古地理经历了早、中、晚期的演化，早期发育了以三角洲平原为主的沉积环境，中期形成了大范围的破坏性三角洲环境，晚期以前三角洲环境为特色。     

安宁河断裂带北段的最新地面活断层与地震潜在能力研究

从最新地面活断层的不连续性,断层滑动速率以及古地震研究的角度讨论安宁河断裂带北段的地震潜在能力,认为不连续的活断层可能成为各自独立的地震破裂单元,从而决定了地震的潜在能力,其中,野鸡洞破裂段的潜在地震能力最强,可达7级。上次地震至今的平静时间已接近古地震的平均重现间隔,因而具有高度的地震危险性     

APPLICATION OF UAVLS TO RAPID GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS

Three-dimensional scanning with LiDAR has been widely used in geological surveys. The LiDAR with high accuracy is promoting geoscience quantification. And it will be much more convenient, efficient and useful when combining it with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This study focuses on UAV-based Laser Scanning (UAVLS)geological field mapping, taking two examples to present advantages of the UAVLS in contrast with other mapping methods. For its usage in active fault mapping, we scanned the Nanpo village site on the Zhangxian segment of the West Qinling north-edge fault. It effectively removed the effects of buildings and vegetation, and uncovered the fault trace. We measured vertical offset of 1.3m on the terrace T₁ at the Zhang river. Moreover, we also scanned landslide features at the geological hazard observatory of Lanzhou University in the loess area. The scanning data can help understand how micro-topography affects activation of loess landslides. The UAVLS is time saving in the field, only spending about half an hour to scan each site. The amount of average points per meter is about 600, which can offer topography data with resolution of centimeter. The results of this study show that the UAVLS is expected to become a common, efficient and economic mapping tool.     

应用三分量浅层地震反射方法探测隐伏活动断裂

多波多分量地震勘探方法在油气田勘探开发中日益受到重视,但在工程和活动断裂探测中过去还没有开展多波多分量地震勘探的先例.本文简要介绍了在北京黄庄—高丽营断裂上开展的三分量浅层地震反射试验数据采集和资料处理方法,以及取得的初步结果.试验结果表明,采用纵波震源或横波震源激发、三分量接收的浅层地震勘探方法,可获得较高信噪比的浅层地震纵波、横波和转换波剖面,特别是水平分量采集的横波和转换波可提供很有意义的地下结构和构造信息.综合利用纵波、横波和转换波剖面特征进行的地质分层和断层解释结果取得了与跨断层的钻孔联合地质剖面结果较好的一致性.