Research on Formation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rock Resources in China

As an important geothermal resource, hot dry rock(HDR) reserves have been studied in many countries. HDR resources in China have huge capacity and have become one of the most important resources for the potential replacement of fossil fuels. However, HDR resources are difficult to develop and utilise. Technologies for use with HDR, such as high–temperature drilling, reservoir characterisation, reservoir fracturing, microseismic monitoring and high–temperature power stations, originate from the field of oil and drilling. Addressing how to take advantage of these developed technologies is a key factor in the development of HDR reserves. Based on the thermal crustal structure in China, HDR resources can be divided into four types: high radioactive heat production, sedimentary basin, modern volcano and the inner–plate active tectonic belt. The prospective regions of HDR resources are located in South Tibet, West Yunnan, the southeast coast of China, Bohai Rim, Songliao Basin and Guanzhong Basin. The related essential technologies are relatively mature, and the prospect of HDR power generation is promising. Therefore, analysing the formation mechanisms of HDR resources and promoting the transformation of technological achievements, large–scale development and the utilisation of HDR resources can be achieved in China.     

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

胶东玲珑金矿田175号脉群深部地质特征与成矿预测

玲珑金矿属于以石英脉型为主的金矿床,其矿脉受玲珑断裂和破头青断裂控制。区内脉群发育,175号脉群是玲珑金矿的主要大型金矿脉群之一。文章通过总结175号脉群成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征,分析了控矿因素、矿体赋存规律、矿石类型等;阐述了175号脉群深部成矿规律,并根据见矿工程利用地质块段法预测175号脉群11—101勘探线范围-800 m标高以下(332+333)金矿石量192.44×10~4 t,金金属量8.5t。     

福建政和上山岗金银矿床控矿构造研究

福建政和上山岗金银矿位于政和—大埔深大断裂带东侧的东坑火山盆地中,为受断裂控制的火山-次火山热液型金银矿床。通过对矿区地质构造的研究,认为矿区断裂发育,主要有NE向、NW向、近EW向和近SN向4组,均为控岩-控矿构造,为矿区内重要的找矿标志。其中,NE向和近SN向断裂为主要的控矿和容矿构造,NW向和近EW向断裂为主要的控岩构造,常切割破坏矿体。金银矿体(脉)的产出严格受火山盆地中的断裂控制,与赋矿围岩的具体岩性关系不明显;矿体(脉)的大小与所在断裂的规模密切相关。矿区外围及深部与主干断裂平行的次级断裂可作为矿区进一步找矿的有利构造。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷隐蔽性断层构造特征分析与预测

晚白垩世晚期—新生代发育的高邮凹陷,是苏北盆地南部典型富含油气的半地堑式断陷盆地,自南向北分为南断阶、深凹带与北斜坡。该凹陷复杂断裂构造系统与相应的沉积格局受印支期NEE向逆冲基底断层系与晚侏罗世伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲形成的NNE向左行平移基底断层系影响,同时受古近纪期间区域近SN向拉张应力状态控制。北斜坡东部花瓦构造带主体EW向正断层与NNE向隐蔽性断层发育了限制型、连接型、复合型3类隐蔽性断块圈闭模式,同时在平面上形成多种组合样式。通过研究花瓦区隐蔽性断块圈闭实例与有限差分法数值模拟,分析总结出高邮凹陷NNE向隐蔽性断层的成因机制与构造特征,并推断了5条隐蔽性断层发育带。     

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷C区块含油饱和度与含油性分析

综合研究伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双二段储层的岩性、含油性和含油饱和度,确定了适用于本区的含油饱和度计算方法,并与实际含油性进行了对比,分析了沉积和构造对含油性的影响。研究区双二段含油储层的岩性以粉砂岩、细砂岩和砂砾岩为主,含油级别为荧光级以上。根据阿尔奇公式计算出的含油饱和度大部分与实际的含油性相符合,并将含油饱和度70%、50%和38%值作为本区气层、油层、油水层和水层的区分标准。本区储层的含油性受到沉积和构造两方面的控制,沉积作用主要控制储层的岩石结构和物性,构造控制油气的聚集,即在构造高部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要高,而在构造低部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要低。     

庐枞LZSD-1孔科学钻孔钻头选择与使用

受中国地质科学院地质研究所的委托,安徽省地质矿产勘查局313地质队承担《华东庐枞盆地科学钻探选址预研究》3000m科学钻探工程任务,该钻孔为大陆科学钻探选址预研究项目中6个钻孔之一,主要目的是通过钻探揭示和验证与成矿有关的岩体、基底、盖层的空间分布,建立地壳结构模型和异常解释的标尺,为大陆万米钻探提供选址依据。本文主要介绍了在施工过程中的钻头选用情况,仅供同行参考。     

欧亚大陆东缘存在一个巨型深断裂系统——基于卫星重力的新发现

通过对卫星重力数据的精细处理,发现欧亚大陆东缘存在一个规则分布的重力异常组合,这个异常组合与中国大陆上的已知断裂严格对应。SinoProbe探测计划实施的反射地震探测出这些断裂下方存在Moho破裂,幔源物质上涌,剩余重力异常,莫霍面破裂,高密度的幔源物质上涌和深断裂之间存在密切联系。依照这个联系规律,对已有断裂的延伸补充,显示出欧亚大陆东缘存在一个巨型深断裂系统,主断裂带南起中国广州向北延伸直至鄂霍次克海,绵延逾3000 km。沿主断裂带东侧近似等间距的平行分布着9条北东向断裂,北东向断裂向东入海至大陆边缘。采用数值方法模拟了断裂系统的形成过程,在菲律宾板块和太平洋板块近NW方向构造力的作用下,欧亚大陆东缘产生NNE向走滑断层,其东侧生成彼此平行,间距大体相等的派生断层。断层形成过程中,Moho破裂,大量地幔物质上涌,形成中国东部中生代以来的巨量火山岩浆活动,控制了内生金属矿床的分布。这个断裂系统近代还在活动,导致了郯城8.5级大地震和长白山的火山喷发。     

罗布泊低品位光卤石矿分布特点及其找矿规律探讨

罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模卤水钾盐矿床,卤水钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也蕴藏有一定规模的固体钾盐资源。地球物理(EH-4)测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m。在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30~50 km,向下延长深度可达1000 m,说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的固体钾盐矿,成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾资源扩大找矿的新空间。     

日照市河谷平原区成井方法对比研究

在分析日照河谷平原区水文地质条件的基础上,通过大量抽水试验数据,对比分析研究了当地民井与本次施工水井成井方法的差异,指出了当地民井在成井方法上的不足和缺陷,并提出了适宜该区的成井方法建议。