Unraveling rift margin evolution and escarpment development ages along the Dead Sea fault using cosmogenic burial ages

The Dead Sea fault (DSF) is one of the most active plate boundaries in the world. Understanding the Quaternary history and sediments of the DSF requires investigation into the Neogene development of this plate boundary. DSF lateral motion preceded significant extension and rift morphology by ~ 10 Ma. Sediments of the Sedom Formation, dated here between 5.0 ± 0.5 Ma and 6.2_− 2.1^+ inf Ma, yielded extremely low ¹⁰Be concentrations and ²⁶Al is absent. These reflect the antiquity of the sediments, deposited in the Sedom Lagoon, which evolved in a subdued landscape and was connected to the Mediterranean Sea. The base of the overlying Amora Formation, deposited in the terminal Amora Lake which developed under increasing relief that promoted escarpment incision, was dated at 3.3_− 0.8^+ 0.9 Ma. Burial ages of fluvial sediments within caves (3.4 ± 0.2 Ma and 3.6 ± 0.4 Ma) represent the timing of initial incision. Initial DSF topography coincides with the earliest Red Sea MORB's and the East Anatolian fault initiation. These suggest a change in the relative Arabian–African plate motion. This change introduced the rifting component to the DSF followed by a significant subsidence, margin uplift, and a reorganization of relief and drainage pattern in the region resulting in the topographic framework observed today.     

应用探地雷达探测活动断层

在浅覆盖区采用探地雷达探测地震活动断层。通过实验确定出最佳的采集参数和数据处理流程,在雷达剖面上,能够清晰地显示出断层上部的形态特征、上断点埋深和岩土分层。结合钻孔资料,利用雷达剖面上对第四系覆盖的分层结果和上断点所在的层位可以分析和评价断层的活动性。     

汶川地震断裂带科学深钻WFSD-3附近上地壳S波分裂特征

为配合汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程（WFSD）,中国地震局地球物理研究所在四川省绵竹市天池乡和灌县—安县断裂附近分别架设了15套微震仪器和17个短周期地震台.基于WFSD-3附近的微震、短周期和区域台网的固定台站记录的近震数据,通过横波窗内S波分裂计算,得到其上地壳各向异性参数,即快波偏振方向和慢波的时间延迟,并分析了研究区的上地壳各向异性特征.结果显示,研究区大部分区域的快波偏振方向为NE向,与龙门山断裂带走向一致,但在研究区微震台阵布设小区域内,快波偏振方向表现出东西分区特征,东部为NE向,西部为NW向.上地壳各向异性主要是受到岩层中随应力分布排列的微裂隙和岩石或矿物结构的影响,研究区内快波偏振方向主要表现为NE方向,与断裂走向一致,反映了研究区上地壳各向异性主要受控于结构控制的各向异性,局部区域的快波偏振方向为NW向,与区域最大主压应力方向一致,说明区域应力场对研究区上地壳各向异性也有影响.通过分析微震台阵的归一化时间延迟随时间的变化情况可以反映区域应力场的变化情况.微震台阵的慢S波时间延迟在2012、2013年较为离散,在2014年有收敛的趋势,反映了强震后区域应力场逐渐稳定的趋势.

     

喜马拉雅造山带中段定结地区拆离断层

定结地区位于喜马拉雅造山带中段,发育大量的低角度伸展拆离断层,这些拆离断层中部分构成了藏南拆离系的主体。它们基本上垂直于造山带走向伸展,各拆离断层特征显著,普遍发育糜棱岩,糜棱岩类型复杂,主要有硅质糜棱岩、长英质糜棱岩、花岗质糜棱岩。在研究区的北部,拆离断层呈环状产出,构成变质核杂岩三层结构中的中间层,规模一般较大;同时拆离断层使变质核杂岩体盖层中的部分地层拆离减薄;在研究区南部拆离断层呈线状延伸很远,总体上平行造山带延伸,构成了藏南拆离系重要组成部分。部分拆离断层同韧性剪切带平行产出,形成拆离剪切的脆韧性体系。     

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The characteristics of Quaternary activity of faults in the sea area near the Yangtze River mouth

Introduction As far as the frequency and magnitude are concerned, the earthquakes in the sea area to the east of Shanghai are far more strong than in land area with the largest one in the sea area near the Yangtze River mouth being MS=436, while in land, only MS=434 occurred on Sept. 1, 1624. As a moderately strong earthquake active area, the sea area near the Yangtze River mouth, may cause a potential risk to Shanghai. In 1971 and 1996, earthquakes with MS=5~6 occurred in this area. Geo…     

The geological development of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt

Two major divisions of the New England Fold Belt, Zone A and Zone B, are separated by the Peel Fault. Deposition in these two zones was probably contemporaneous (Lower Palaeozoic ‐ Lower Permian). Terminal orogenesis in both zones was also contemporaneous (Middle Permian) but whereas in Zone A deformation was only moderate, metamorphism was of burial type, and granitic emplacement was uncommon, in Zone B many rocks were severely deformed and regionally metamorphosed, and both syn‐tectonic and post‐tectonic granites are widespread.

Pre‐orogenic palaeogeography is envisaged in terms of an evolving volcanic chain ‐ fore‐chain basin ‐ trench system, with an outer non‐volcanic arc developed in the Carboniferous. Cessation of movement on a subduction zone dipping westward beneath the volcanic chain is believed to have caused the Middle Permian deformation, but neither metamorphism nor the granitic rocks are directly related to subduction.     

Comparison of heat balance characteristics at five glaciers in the Southern Hemisphere

Ablation characteristics of five glaciers in Patagonia and New Zealand were compared. Investigated glaciers were Tyndall and Moreno in southern Patagonia, Soler and San Rafael in northern Patagonia, and Franz Josef in New Zealand. Micro-meteorological observations were carried out at the glaciers and the heat balance components were estimated. At Franz Josef and Soler glaciers, the sensible heat flux is the largest and the latent heat flux is the second, and they are larger than the net radiation. At San Rafael Glacier, the net radiation is the largest and the latent heat flux is the smallest component, which is similar to Moreno and Tyndall glaciers. Though the latent heat flux is the smallest component at San Rafael Glacier, it is more than twice as large as that at Tyndall Glacier and contributes substantially to ice melting. The ratios of heat balance components were very different among glaciers, but the total heat flux ranged from about 240 to 300 W m⁻² showing little difference among glaciers.     

马兰井田内断层发育规律的初步探讨

从井田内历次构造受力分析入手,结合统计资料,对井田内中小断层的形成机制及其延伸、分布和发育规律进行了初步探讨。指出,马兰井田以中小断层为主,走向多为北北东和北东向,次为北西向;断层与褶皱发育,延伸长度与落差成正相关关系。