地形开度和差值图像阈值分割原理相结合的黄土高原沟沿线提取法

鉴于地形正负开度对地貌的良好表达且具有分析尺度灵活性这一重要特性,本文提出一种借助地形正负开度及其差值图像阈值分割的黄土地貌沟沿线提取方法。首先,计算DEM的地形正负开度,对正负开度进行差值运算以得到开度差值图;然后,对开度差值图进行阈值处理以得到研究区正负地形空间分布特征;最后,借助数学形态学原理完成对二值化开度差值图正负地形边界——沟沿线的自动提取。试验采用高分辨率DEM数据对陕西洛川塬部分地区进行沟沿线信息提取。结果表明,与其他提取技术方法相比,该方法不仅增强了地貌基本形态特征在沟沿线提取过程中的作用与影响,同时也在一定程度上实现了沟沿线提取的精确化和自动化。     

中国人地关系综合评价的理论模型与实证

人地关系是地理学研究的经典问题,也是中国人文—经济地理学在国际地理学研究中具有突出贡献的命题。人地关系在动态演变过程中不断出现新的时代内涵,如何科学表征中国现代人地关系的状态,是精准认知现代人地关系进而寻求协调人地矛盾路径的基础。基于人地关系地域系统理论,在梳理中国现代人地关系时代特征的基础上,构建人地关系综合评价的理论框架,从人类活动的施压强度、核心资源要素的承压能力、生态环境系统的约束力度以及人—地系统的开放程度4个层面选取表征指标,秉承分级评价、逐级修正的思想,以县级单元为基础对全国层面的人地关系状态进行综合评价。结果发现：中国的人类活动强度具有明显的东西分异性及依托核心城市群布局的特征,而核心资源要素的综合支撑能力空间布局较为分散,且土地、水、核心能矿资源以及人类活动强度四者之间的空间错配度较高,在一定程度上增加了区域人地关系的紧张状态。生态环境系统的约束紧密区多集中在胡焕庸线两侧及青藏高原西南部,全国层面上人—地系统的开放程度不高,开放程度较高的区域主要集中在中国经济发达地区。综合评价结果显示,全国大约85.56%的区域人地关系状态以宽松为主,但是局部地区尤其是东南沿海地区人地矛盾突出,西部地区人地关系相对宽松,但人地系统演进的等级也相对较低。     

Assessing China’s human-environment relationship

Journal of Geographical Sciences - China’s coupled human-environment system (CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their...     

“一带一路”沿线国家开放度时空格局及其影响因素

“一带一路”开启了中国对外开放新格局,并对沿线国家及全世界的共同发展和繁荣会产 生重大影响。基于 2000—2015 年“一带一路”沿线 66 个国家的面板数据,构建开放度综合评价指 标体系,采用核密度估计、标准差椭圆、探索性空间数据分析及动态空间杜宾模型,分析了“一带一 路”沿线国家开放度时空格局及其影响因素。结果发现：（1）2000—2015 年“一带一路”沿线开放度 水平总体呈上升趋势,且差异逐渐缩小。（2）开放度的重心在移动方位上分为两个阶段：2000— 2008 年重心向西北方向移动,而 2008 年之后重心逐渐向偏东方向移动。（3）开放度存在明显的空间 差异,西北部开放度较高,而中部和南部开放度相对较低。（4）开放度在全局上存在显著的空间自 相关性。热点区集中于新加坡和塞浦路斯 2 国,冷点区主要集中在中国、中亚和南亚。（5）动态空间 杜宾模型（DSDM）分析表明,经济发展水平、人力资本、陆路交通和港口对开放度均存在长短期效 应以及直接、间接效应。     

从唐诗解读的开放性看“三化”翻译原则与实践的冲突

许渊冲在“三化”理论的指导下 ,充分利用唐诗解读的开放性特点 ,摆脱原诗形式的束缚 ,译文想象丰富 ,自然洒脱。但许译中不免有以形害意现象 ,有时不能再现作品原貌。     

Supervised landform classification of Northeast Honshu from DEM-derived thematic maps

This paper proposes a quantitative method to classify landforms using four morphometric parameters from DEM-derived thematic raster maps of slope and topographic openness. Because the different surficial processes and stages in the evolution of slopes create landscapes with different shapes, these parameters may lead to a genetic interpretation of topography. The raster maps of slope and topographic openness were constructed for Northeast Honshu, Japan, from 50-m DEMs. The mean and standard deviation of morphometric parameters within a 3050 m by 3050 m moving window on the raster maps were calculated. The results for some training areas show that constructional/depositional and erosional landforms with different relief have different morphometric characteristics. A supervised landform classification for Northeast Honshu using the knowledge from the training areas revealed a ladder geomorphological structure composed of high mountains, ranges and volcanoes. The close relationship between the ladder geomorphological structure and volcano distribution indicates that the structure reflects the magmatic plumbing system from the upper mantle to the crust of the Northeast Honshu arc.     

Preliminary research on problems of northeast China's participation in the northeast Asian economic cooperation

1AnalysisoftheCurrentSituationForady-ancingdieprogressofNotrileastChina'sparticipationintileNortheastAsianeconomiccooperation,itisquitenecessarytoanalyzecorrectlythecharacterishcsofthepresentsitUahon.theproblemsofthedistrictandtheobjechvecondihonswhichwillspeeduptiledevelopmentandimprovementoftheeconomicandtradecooperahonswiththeNortheastAsiancountries.l.lObjectiveconditionsAccordingtothellleoryofopeneconomy,internahonaleconomicrelahonslhporeconomiccooperatiollcanbeshowndy'ntalcallyasdieec…     

Nutrient loadings and deforestation decrease benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in an urbanised tropical stream system

Lotic ecosystems in urban areas are severely impacted by anthropogenic environmental stressors, such as deforestation and nutrient pollution, due to socioeconomic activities in the catchment. To work out measures for identification and mitigation of concurrent multiple stressors to a stream system, it is necessary to assess the relative importance of impacts by the individual stressors. Here we aimed to discriminate the covarying effects of nutrient pollution and deforestation on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in an urbanised tropical stream system. In the Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed (SSRS) of Laguna de Bay, benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical environments were investigated at 13 sites varying in human population density, riparian canopy, and land-use pattern as indicated by geographic information systems in the catchment. Regression and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the drivers of the biodiversity loss and understand its underlying mechanisms. In the SSRS, where rapid economic growth took place without updating poorly installed wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), domestic activity indicated by human population density in the catchment was the primary factor in generating heavy phosphorous loadings (mean total phosphorus = 0.91; range = 0–1.50 mg/l) that caused hypoxia (mean dissolved oxygen = 2.98; range = 0.13–6.27 mg/l) in stream waters and subsequently reduced macroinvertebrate diversity (mean H’ = 0.91; SD ± 0.61). Nutrient and organic pollution and riparian deforestation explained 53.5% and 9.7% of the variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in SSRS, respectively. Given such scenario, additional WWTPs servicing urban developments and improved riparian canopy cover in the SSRS can be both strategic and cost-effective in the initial steps of environmental mitigation in urbanised streams, especially in rapidly developing countries.     

三维数据的二维可视化方法综述

等高线图、晕渲图和分层设色图等作为传统的三维数据的二维可视化方法,有各自的优点并被广泛地应用于屏幕显示和平面制图中。随着三维数据分辨率的不断提高,传统可视化方法已不能完全满足显示、挖掘隐含信息的要求。一种新的地形参数(openness)以及由此而产生的新的可视化方法(RRIM)被提出,这在很大程度上增强了二维显示的立体感和直观性。同时,在构造地貌研究的应用中,对细微构造的识别有着其他可视化方法无法比拟的优越性。良好的室内地貌解译工作不仅能够提高工作效率而且能够在一定程度上减少野外工作量。同时,对于森林覆盖严重、自然条件恶劣、不易到达而又具有研究价值的区域,RRIM提供了一种更好的工作方法,有着非常重要的实用价值。     

河南省二重开放的测度与比较

根据区域经济开放的二重性特点,构建了区际开放与国际开放的评价指标体系,并运用变异系数法确定指标权重,对河南省1984—2010年区际开放度和国际开放度进行了测算,并与其他省份的开放度进行了横向比较。研究发现,河南省的区际开放度和对外开放度虽然逐年提高,但与其他地区相比较,对经济增长的贡献率偏低。基于国内外宏观经济形势的变化,区域经济的二重开放在确保经济又好又快发展中的作用至关重要。鉴于此,提出了河南省以二重开放带动区域协调发展、扩大内需、稳定外需和实现经济发展方式转变的建议。