极端海洋环境对海洋平台疲劳寿命的影响

基于渤海和南海的海洋平台设计环境条件,分析了近年来我国近海极端海洋环境条件的发生规律及其对海洋平台疲劳设计条件的冲击。采用Miner’s线性累积疲劳损伤准则和疲劳可靠性理论,研究了极端海况引起的疲劳损伤对海洋平台疲劳寿命的影响,提出了考虑极端海洋环境条件的海洋平台疲劳设计方法。研究表明,由于近年来全球气候变换带来的极端气象条件频发,导致海洋工程结构经历传统意义上的多年一遇海洋环境条件的概率大大增加,使得现行的海洋平台疲劳设计条件偏离了实际的海洋环境条件。数值算例表明,极端海况引起的疲劳损伤在总的疲劳损伤的比例大大增加,甚至成为疲劳损伤的主要部分。因此,这些极端海况引起的疲劳损伤对结构疲劳寿命的影响不容忽略,考虑极端海洋环境条件的海洋平台疲劳设计符合近年来的灾害性海况频发的现状。     

张力腿平台关键部位疲劳可靠性分析

为确保深海中张力腿(TLP)平台的安全可靠运行,研究了TLP平台关键部位的疲劳可靠性。首先建立了TLP平台的整体模型,结合中国南海海况,计算了波浪荷载。然后分析了用于平台疲劳可靠性研究的S-N曲线法和断裂力学方法,计算了不同工况下TLP平台的应力响应,确定了疲劳关键部位,建立了关键部位的中间局部模型和精细子模型。最后采用子模型技术,应用S-N曲线法和断裂力学方法对平台关键部位的疲劳可靠性指标进行了计算和分析。结果表明:平台立柱和浮箱连接部位上部角点的疲劳可靠性指标低于下部角点,但可以满足设计要求;应用断裂力学方法计算得到的疲劳可靠性指标与应用S-N曲线法计算得到的疲劳可靠性指标接近,且疲劳可靠性指标的最小值出现在相同的部位,表明分析结果合理,可以为TLP平台的安全评估提供参考。     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

改进三峰谷雨流计数法在爆破震动损伤评价中的应用

构筑物在爆破地震载荷作用下发生破坏是一个非常复杂的损伤累积过程。在进行爆破地震效应研究时,不仅要考虑几何距离、爆破条件以及地质条件对爆破振动强度的影响,也要关注结构本身的劣化过程。据此提出应用疲劳理论进行爆破地震效应分析的思路。首先,阐述了爆破震动应力谱测量的基本方法。其次,针对于三峰谷雨流计数模型的不足,提出了改进方案。改进后的计数模型融等值点压缩、峰谷值检测以及循环计数为一体,简化了计数过程,运用改进的计数模型分析了震动应力谱,得出了各种循环的频数分布规律。统计结果表明,单次爆破中绝大部分为小幅疲劳循环,而且拉压循环所占的比例比较大。     

High-frequency rock temperature data from hyper-arid desert environments in the Atacama and the Antarctic Dry Valleys and implications for rock weathering

In desert environments with low water and salt contents, rapid thermal variations may be an important source of rock weathering. We have obtained temperature measurements of the surface of rocks in hyper-arid hot and cold desert environments at a rate of 1/s over several days. The values of temperature change over 1-second intervals were similar in hot and cold deserts despite a 30 °C difference in absolute rock surface temperature. The average percentage of the time dT/dt > 2 °C/min was ~ 8 ± 3%, > 4 °C/min was 1 ± 0.9%, and > 8 °C/min was 0.02 ± 0.03%. The maximum change over a 1-second interval was ~ 10 °C/min. When sampled to simulate data taken over intervals longer than 1 s, we found a reduction in time spent above the 2 °C/min temperature gradient threshold. For 1-minute samples, the time spent above any given threshold was about two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding value for 1-second sampling. We suggest that a rough measure of efficacy of weathering as a function of frequency is the product of the percentage of time spent above a given threshold value multiplied by the damping depth for the corresponding frequency. This product has a broad maximum for periods between 3 and 10 s.     

Low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of hull-notched plate considering short crack effect and accumulative plastic damage

When studying the low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of notched plates, the effects of fatigue short crack and accumulative plastic damage in the vicinity of the notch should be considered. The low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of notched plates has been revised in the analysis process by considering the short crack initiation and expansion of notch stress concentration area. By determining the accumulative plastic deformation in the vicinity of a notch under low-cycle fatigue loads, a predictive model of low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life was presented for notched plates, and the relative influence factors were quantitatively analyzed. A comparison study verified that the results obtained from the presented calculation model correlate quite well with those from the existing experiments. Some important conclusions were drawn from the study on considering the effects of short crack and accumulative plastic damage. The presented method may be used for predicting the low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of ship plate.     

基于谱分析法的超大型浮体疲劳强度分析

运用ANSYS/AQWA对某超大型浮体平台进行水动力响应计算和结构响应分析,在此基础上选择3个典型疲劳热点区域建立有限元子模型,求出各区域的热点应力传递函数。依据谱分析法的疲劳计算流程对危险节点进行疲劳分析,计算疲劳损伤和寿命。分析结果表明,横浪时对平台造成的疲劳损伤最大。横撑与下浮体围壁连接处以及立柱外壳与上箱体底板连接处这两处的疲劳寿命不满足设计要求。建议对该结构连接处进行改进或重新设计。     

Research on Analytical Method of Fatigue Characteristics of Soft Yoke Mooring System Based on Full-Scale Measurement

By focusing on the vulnerability of the structure of marine equipments, together with considering the randomness of meta-ocean load in statistics, a kind of analytical method of fatigue characteristics of marine structure based on full-scale and actual measurement of prototype is proposed. On the basis of short-term field measurement results of structural response, research is carried out on the fatigue analysis of hinge joints at the upper part of the Soft Yoke single point Mooring System (SYMS) by simultaneously monitoring the environmental load and considering the design criteria of offshore structure. Through analysis of finite element modeling, the time-histories of typical stress response are obtained, and then the assessment of fatigue damage at key hinge joints is conducted. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately analyze the fatigue damage of offshore engineering structure caused by the effect of wave load. The present analytical method of fatigue characteristics can be extended on other offshore engineering structures subjected to meta-ocean load.     

非黏结柔性立管疲劳损伤特性分析

对柔性立管的疲劳损伤特性进行分析,探究抗拉层与抗压层的疲劳特性,并分析弯曲加强器的存在与否对柔性立管疲劳损伤的影响。研究表明:柔性立管最内层抗拉层上的疲劳损伤最大,从内到外,抗拉层的疲劳损伤依次减小;抗压层受到的疲劳损伤远小于抗拉层的疲劳损伤;弯曲加强器的存在可以减小立管的疲劳损伤,并改变抗拉层疲劳危险点的位置。     

2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震震前宽频带信号的疲劳损伤分析

高精度和高采样速率宽频带地震仪的地震观测表明,宽频带数字信号包含丰富的地壳运动和应力变化信息,但这些信息还有待进一步的挖掘。对2001-11-14昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震前数日的乌鲁木齐、拉萨、恩施、昆明、西安5个台站的宽频带数字信号,在疲劳损伤分析理论的基础上进行分析和跟踪。结果表明,在昆仑山口西地震前数天,这些台站宽频带数字信号中所包含的相对应力成分都有一个明显上升的变化过程。