Formation of arcs and backarc basins inferred from the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia since the Late Cretaceous

Results of the geological and geophysical surveys in the Daito ridges and basin in the northern West Philippine Basin suggest that the Daito Ridge was an arc facing toward the south from the Late Cretaceous to the Early Tertiary. The Late Cretaceous and Tertiary history of Southeast Asia is evaluated based on these data in the Daito ridges and basins and reconstructed based on overall plate kinematics that have operated in this area. During the Late Cretaceous, the Daito Ridge and the East Philippine Islands were positioned along the boundary between the Indian and Pacific Plates. The western half of the Philippines setting on the Indian Plate approached from the south and collided with the East Philippine–Daito Arc either during the latest Paleocene or the earliest Eocene. It is inferred that the bulk of the Philippine archipelago rotated clockwise and Borneo spun counterclockwise during the Tertiary.From the reconstruction, the formation of backarc basins and their spreading direction are assessed. As a result, some primary causes and significant characteristics are suggested for the opening of backarc basins in Southeast Asia. First, opening of some backarc basins commenced with or was triggered by collisions. Second, backarc basins opened approximately parallel to oceanic plate motion. Third, the formation of some backarc basins was triggered by the approach of a hot spreading center. Fourth, the spreading mode or direction of backarc basins was greatly affected by the configuration of the surrounding continent and was also rearranged to spread approximately parallel to oceanic plate motion.The formation of backarc basins and their spreading direction can be reasonably explained by plate kinematics. However, the generative force responsible for their formation is possibly within the subduction system, particularly to form horizontal tensional force in backarc side.     

郴州市东坡地区层控铅锌矿床地质特征及形成条件探讨

该文总结了郴州东坡地区产于棋锌桥组中的铅锌矿床地质特征,从成矿地质条件、成矿物质来源、含矿溶液性质、成矿温度及成矿过程等方面,论证了这类矿床为典型的“沉积－改造－叠加型”层控矿床。     

论龙门山中段前缘油气成藏条件

本文从各种油气成藏必要条件的配置关系出发,把龙门山中段划分成半裸露带、单斜带和隐蔽带三种勘探领域。提出了“适时隆起”的概念,阐述了蓬莱镇组（Ｊ３ｐ）气藏、白垩系气藏主要受燕山晚幕和喜马拉雅期运动的控制,表现为天马山组（Ｋ１ｔ）或灌口组（Ｋ３ｇ）为厚度减薄带。这些认识在勘探实践中取得了较好的效果,并有助于进一步拓宽在龙门山前缘寻找富集油气藏的找矿思路。     

海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床及其找矿方向

海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床是近年来在我国发现的新的成因类型矿床，本文除着重介绍在川东南发现的海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床地质特征和矿床成因外，还引进非金属矿床含矿建造和成矿系列的概念，提示黑滑石矿及与其共生伴生的其它非金属矿的找矿方向。     

东帕米尔变质核杂岩构造的厘定

卡拉库鲁木变质核杂岩是慕土塔格岩体的南缘部分，由长城系片麻岩以及燕山期花岗岩组成，其中长城系片麻岩为一套低角闪岩相的变质侵入岩，主要岩性为（石榴石）黑云二长片麻岩、（石榴石）黑云斜长片麻岩；根据变形程度，将其划分为内带、中带及外带，其中在内带见有燕山期花岗岩。剥离断层沿变质核杂岩边缘呈向南凸出的弧形展布。剥离断层上盘滑脱体由长城系赛图拉岩群高绿片岩－低角闪岩相的变质岩系构成。变质核杂岩构造的形成时代为早－中侏罗世。     

西藏甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系特征

通过矿区填图和路线调查,结合室内研究,指出:①甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系由印度-欧亚板块碰撞引发,具有递进变形、自盆地中心向边部推覆、新盖老等特点,强变形于50Ma±。②推覆体下盘为叶巴组构造岩系;推覆体由上侏罗统和下白垩统碳酸盐-碎屑沉积岩系构成,主体为轴面北倾的复式褶皱,自南而北分为前部带、中部带和后部带。滑覆构造系推覆形成的复背斜轴部高位岩块失稳向北滑覆形成,自南而北分为后部带、中部带和前部带。③导致矿区蚀变的主要岩浆活动发生于推覆强变形后的松弛期,上侵受近南北向基底断裂和推覆断裂联合控制,就位受控于前部带推-滑覆褶断系,其后发生多次构造-岩浆-成矿液叠加,造就甲玛铜多金属矿床。     

山西原平王家庄条带状磁铁石英岩矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

山西原平王家庄铁矿床为五台山地区产出的条带状铁建造（BIF）的典型代表。含矿岩石为磁铁石英岩,围岩主要为斜长角闪岩、角闪变粒岩、石英片岩等。通过对变质岩的原岩恢复,得出其原岩主要为火山岩,具有从拉斑玄武岩向钙碱性火山岩演化的特点,局部有陆源碎屑的加入。微量元素中相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素,相对富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素,具有较低的w(Y)/w(Nb)比值,表明本区处于岛弧和活动大陆边缘带的构造环境。磁铁石英岩的稀土元素配分型式为向右缓倾斜的轻稀土富集型,具轻微铕正异常和轻微铈负异常,稀土元素特征表明BIF形成于典型的海洋环境,早太古代洋壳俯冲产出的高温气水热液对于BIF的沉积发挥了重要的作用。Eu轻微正异常说明本区火山活动较弱,海底高温热液对BIF的沉积贡献相对较少。BIF与其围岩在原始地幔标准化不相容元素蛛网图中的相关性说明二者有相同或相似的物质来源和成岩环境,二者同属一个沉积盆地,但却有不同的沉积过程和形成条件。     

长岭凹陷潜在地热初步探讨

根据长岭凹陷石油井地温测量和物探资料,从地热形成的4要素——储、盖、通、源以及地热具备的地质特征入手,分析了长岭凹陷潜在着地热资源。目前长岭盆地基本具备了储和盖,需要进一步寻找的是通和源。     

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long‐Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River,China

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur. Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards. Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations, geological field surveys, geophysical prospecting and geological dating results, this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism. This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP. The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km, with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area. The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout. During the sliding process, the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley. The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area. Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick. After the dam broke, the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide. The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift, topography, geomorphology and paleoclimatic change. The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured, thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence. Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault, which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide, may have been the main factor inducing landsliding. Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.     

用线性自由能关系预测金属络合物的热力学性质

Sverjensky与Molling提出的线性自由能关系是根据金属阳离子的热力学性质来预测等结构系列中固体相的标准生成自由能。本文研究结果证实,水溶液中金属络合物与简单金属阳离子之间也存在类似的相关关系,预测值与实验值的差异通常小于1．5kcal／mol或小于一个log单位,这一线性自由能关系对于预测自然环境中重金属的水溶物种的配分、迁移和毒性具有非常重要的应用价值。