Geomorphic controls on the physical and hydrologic properties of soils in a valley floor

The distribution of soil hydraulic and physical properties strongly influences runoff processes in landscapes. Although much work has been done to quantify and predict the properties of hillslope soils, far less is known about the distribution of soil properties in valley floors. A technique that links the estimation and distribution of soil hydraulic properties in valleys, with easily identified geomorphic features, was developed along a 2 km length of a valley at Brooks Creek in New South Wales, Australia. Soil physical and hydraulic property data were collected across a set of floodplain and fan features within the valley and analysed statistically to determine if soil properties varied significantly between geomorphic features and stratigraphic layers. The results show that the depth‐averaged saturated hydraulic conductivity, K_s, of the soil varies significantly with landform: fan units have K_g values that are twice that of floodplains and colluvial toeslope deposits have K_s values four times higher than floodplains. Given the notorious variability of K_s values in space, the strong statistical separation of soil properties by landform, backed up by strong separation of soil particle size by landform, suggests a way forward in understanding the distribution of soil properties in valleys and their influence on catchment hydrology. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天山北麓黄土发育特征及形成年代

对天山北麓黄土年代的认识还存在一定分歧.文章在对天山北麓河流阶地进行划分的基础上,通过分析黄土分布与地貌单元(河流阶地与冲积扇)的依附关系,同时结合黄土-古土壤序列分析与ESR测年,初步确定天山北麓地貌面上覆盖的最老黄土年代为0.54Ma B.P.,这为分析黄土所赋含的环境信息提供时间标尺.     

基于粉丝偏好挖掘提升气象微博平台运维能力

公众气象服务是政府公共服务的重要组成部分,而微博作为新时代下的新媒体服务,在广州市气象局的日常气象信息服务中发挥了重要作用。通过对微博渠道积累的数据及用户需求进行文本数据分析挖掘,发现许多影响微博受欢迎程度的用户偏好特征,运用联合分析得到各个特征的重要性排序,并以此提出新媒体运维指引以及提升公共气象服务的合理建议,从而在扩大微博影响力的同时增强广州市气象局公共气象服务的品牌影响力。      

Development of an online analyzer of atmospheric H2O2 and several organic hydroperoxides for field campaigns

An online automated instrument was developed for atmospheric measurements of hydroperoxides with separation and quantification of H₂O₂ and several organic hydroperoxides. Samples were trapped in aqueous solutions in a scrubbing glass coil. Analyses were performed on an HPLC column followed by para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POPHA) acetic acid and peroxidase derivatization and fluorescence detection. Analytical and sampling tests were performed on different parameters to obtain optimum signal-to-noise ratios, high resolution and collection efficiencies higher than 95% for H₂O₂ and organic hydroperoxides. The obtained performances show large improvements compared to previous studies. The sampling and analytical devices can be coupled providing an online analyzer. The device was used during two field campaigns in the Marseilles area in June 2001 (offline analyzer) and in July 2002 (online analyzer) at rural sites at low and high altitudes, respectively, during the ESCOMPTE and BOND campaigns. During the ESCOMPTE campaign, H₂O₂ was detected occasionally, and no organic hydroperoxides was observed. During the BOND campaign, substantial amounts of H₂O₂ and 1−HEHP+MHP were often detected, and two other organic hydroperoxides were occasionally detected. These observations are discussed.     

库车坳陷白垩系储层的形成环境及成因分析

近年来 ,在中国新疆库车前陆盆地中发现了克拉 2等大型、特大型气田 ,并显示出良好的油气勘探前景。白垩系巴什基奇克、巴西盖组地层是克拉 2等气田的主力储层 ,研究其成因并建立科学合理的预测机制具有重大的理论和现实意义。在对库车盆地的构造背景、沉积物质来源、岩石结构特征、古生物、微量元素地球化学特征、粒度分析、沉积构造、沉积体系等多侧面进行综合研究的基础上 ,认为该区在下白垩系储层沉积时处于干旱氧化的古气候环境 ,储层岩石具低成分成熟度和结构成熟度的特征 ,储层自下而上具典型的沉积构造和完整的沉积序列 ,应属扇三角洲—辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。特别是粒度资料分析表明该区的储层多呈一个过渡性的特征 ,它既不同于典型的浊流 ,又不同于典型的曲流河特征 ,形成了该区以辫状河为主的显著沉积特点。     

塔北隆起侏罗系阳霞组沉积特征

塔北隆起侏罗系阳霞组下粗上细的沉积特征显示其为典型的河流相沉积,东部普惠1井序列发育最全,向轮南隆起方向具有明显的顶剥底超特征。河流沉积体系中,颗粒普遍偏粗,物源主要来自东河塘以北、英买力以西及跃南地区,英买力西部、东河塘北部以北以及跃南1、2井以南发育近源小型冲积扇,由西向东发育辫状河沉积体系。根据沉积相的空间展布模式,可预测低位域三角洲及湖泊相发育于草湖及其以东地区;阳霞组砂体分别向北部的轮台凸起、南部的中央隆起尖灭,是寻找岩性地层圈闭的有利地区。     

断陷盆地陡坡带砂砾岩扇体地震反射特征--以东营凹陷为例

针对陆相断陷盆地陡坡带发育的砂砾岩扇体油气藏具有成因类型多、形态各异、岩性变化大、地震识别和描述困难的特点,主要从陡坡带砂砾岩扇体的类型和沉积特征研究入手,分析了大量的实际地震资料,总结出了陡坡带冲积扇、近岸水下扇、扇三角洲和近源浊积扇4种类型砂砾岩扇体的地震相特征及地震波传播速度、振幅、频率、相干性等地震属性特征;根据其地震特征建立的地震识别模式在东营凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩扇体的油气藏勘探中取得了良好的应用效果.     

鄂西地区南沱组地层沉积特征及成因分析

以沉积学，流体力学的基本原理为基础，运用沉积对比，粒度统计等方面对鄂西地区南沱组杂砾岩的成因机理进行了探讨，通过岩石类型，剖面层序，岩石的砾石表面特征、碎屑颗粒分布规律及沉积物构造研究后认为，南沱组杂砾岩并非冰碛砾岩，而属海缘盆地下水泥石流和浅海相沉积。     

西藏南部江孜盆地的演化特征

位于西藏南部江孜盆地的沙拉岗矿区发育一套晚侏罗世至早白垩世的碎屑流、滑动与浊流形成的碎屑岩夹硅质岩与灰岩的沉积。在野外识别出 8个三级层序,包括 2个Ⅰ类层序和 6个Ⅱ类层序;建立了层序地层格架。在此基础上将处于斜坡背景的沉积演化大致划分为 4个阶段:(1)相对陡的陆源斜坡阶段;(2 )相对平缓的陆源斜坡阶段;(3)硅质海底扇发育阶段;(4 )陆源海底扇发育阶段。各个阶段具有不同的演化特点。     

藏南江孜盆地晚侏罗至早白垩世重力流沉积

西藏南部江孜盆地的沙拉岗矿区发育一套晚侏罗至早白垩世的碎屑流、滑动流与浊流等重力流沉积,主要由斜坡相碎屑岩夹硅质岩和灰岩构成。在这个斜坡背景中出现了上斜坡相,下斜坡相与海底扇相等3种类型的岩相组合。其中,上斜坡以各种规模的滑动沉积为特色,下斜坡以不同性质的碎屑流沉积为特征。海底扇具有完整的内扇、中扇与外扇组合,可划分出进积型和退积型两种序列类型,它们多半是由浊流形成的各种砂体组成的。