Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt

The Sulu UHP belt is a regional metamorphic belt,consisting of mainly gneisses. It also shows the ex-posed mountain root of a collisional orogenic belt. Themountain root means the thickened crust during theTriassic collision between the Yangtze andSino-Korean cratons. In the Mesozoic, entire easternChine underwent extensive magmatism and volcanism,which caused great changes of lithospheric composi-tion and structures, and leaved some signatures in deepseismic reflection profiles. In recent…     

Alteration induced changes of magnetic fabric as exemplified by dykes of the Koolau volcanic range

We studied 93 samples from 8 basaltic dykes of the Koolau volcanic range on the island of Oahu,Hawaii,USA,to determine the influence of hydrothermal alteration on the magnetic fabric as determined by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements. Rock magnetic as well as microscopic investigations show that only ≈25% of the samples have retained their original magnetomineralogical composition of unaltered Ti-poor titanomagnetite. The remaining samples have undergone hydrothermal alteration which transformed the primary magnetic phase into a granular intergrowth of titanomagnetite, titanomaghemite and hematite. In both sample groups,this magnetic phase occurs in coarse (tens of microns),irregularly shaped particles as well as interstitial clusters of smaller (< 5 μm) grains. Our investigations show that hydrothermal alteration does change the bulk susceptibility and the degree of anisotropy but not the directions of principal axes of the AMS ellipsoid which are predominantly corresponding to normal magnetic fabric. The stability of AMS directions, regardless of the degree of alteration, points towards the model of distribution anisotropy as the controlling factor for the observed magnetic fabric.     

Structure and emplacement of granite plutons in the Paleoproterozoic crust of Eastern Burkina Faso: rheological implications

The Fada N′Gourma area in Burkina Faso is underlain by Paleoproterozoic rocks that make the northeastern West-African Craton. This region is composed of NE-trending volcano-sedimentary belts and foliated tonalites, affected by several shear zones. A generation of younger, ∼2100 Ma-old, non-foliated biotite-bearing granites intrudes the former rock units. We have investigated the younger granite pluton of Kouare that was previously considered as forming a single body with the pluton of Satenga to the west, a pluton which likely belongs to the ∼20 Ma more recent Tenkodogo-Yamba batholith. Magnetic fabric measurements have been combined with microstructural observations and the analysis of field and aeromagnetic data. The granite encloses angular enclaves of the host tonalites. Magmatic microstructures are preserved inside the pluton and solid-state, high-temperature deformation features are ubiquitous at its periphery. The presence of steeply plunging lineations in the pluton of Kouare and its adjacent host-rocks suggests that large volumes of granitic magmas became crystallized while they were ascending through the crust that was softened and steepened close to the contact. Around Kouare, the foliation in the host tonalites conforms with a map-scale, Z-shaped fold in between NNE-trending shear zones, implying a bulk clockwise rotation of the material contained in-between the shear zones, including the emplacing pluton. Regionally, the Fada N′Gourma area is concluded to result from NW-shortening associated with transcurrent shearing and vertical transfer of granitic magmas. This study concludes that the ∼2200 Myears old juvenile crust of Burkina Faso was brittle before the intrusion of the biotite-granites, became softened close to them and that gravity-driven and regional scale wrench tectonics were active together.     

Magnetic studies of magma-supply and sea-floor metamorphism: Troodos ophiolite dikes

Dikes of the eastern Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus intruded at slow ocean-spreading axes with dips ranging up to 15° from vertical and with bimodal strikes (now NE–SW and N–S due to post-88 Ma sinistral microplate rotation). Varied dike orientations may represent local stress fields during dike-crack propagation but do not influence the spatial-distributions or orientation-distributions of dikes' magnetic fabrics, nor of their palaeomagnetic signals. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) integrates mineral orientation-distributions from each of 1289 specimens sampled from dikes at 356 sites over 400 km² in the eastern Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus. In 90% of dikes, AMS fabrics define a foliation (k_MAX–k_INT) parallel to dike walls and a lineation (k_MAX) that varies regionally and systematically. Magma-flow alignment of accessory magnetite controls the AMS with a subordinate contribution from the mafic silicate matrix that is reduced in anisotropy by sea-floor metamorphism. Titanomagnetite has less influence on anisotropy. Occasionally, intermediate and minimum susceptibility axes are switched so as to be incompatible with the kinematically reasonable flow plane but maximum susceptibility (k_MAX) still defines the magmatic flow axis. Such blended subfabrics of kinematically compatible mafic-silicate and misaligned multidomain magnetite subfabrics; are rare. Areas of steep magma flow (k_MAX plunge ≥ 70°) and of shallow magma-flow alternate in a systematic and gradual spatial pattern. Foci of steep flow were spaced 4 km parallel to the spreading axes and 6 km perpendicular to the spreading axes. Ridge-parallel separation of steep flow suggest the spacing of magma-feeders to the dikes whereas ridge-perpendicular spacing of 6 km at a spreading rate of 50 mm/a implies the magma sources may have been active for 240 Ka. The magma feeders feeding dikes may have been ≤ 2 km in diameter. Stable paleomagnetic vectors, in some cases verified by reversal tests, are retained by magnetite and titanomagnetite. In all specimens, the stable components were isolated by three cycles of low-temperature demagnetization (LTD) followed by ≥ 10 steps of incremental thermal demagnetization (TD). 47% of primary A-components [338.2 /+ 57.2 n = 207, α₉₅ = 3.9; mean T_UB = 397 ± 8 °C] are overprinted by a B-component [341.4 /+ 63.5, n = 96, α₉₅ = 8.7; mean T_UB = 182 ± 11 °C]. A- and B-components are ubiquitous and shared equally by the N–S and NE–SW striking dikes. A-component unblocking temperatures (T_UB) are zoned subparallel to the fossil spreading axis. Their spatial pattern is consistent with chemical remagnetization at some certain off-axis distance determined by sea-floor spreading. A-components indicate less microplate rotation and more northerly palaeolatitudes that are consistent with metamorphic remagnetization after some spreading from the ridge-axis. Thus, their magnetizations are younger than those of the overlying volcanic sequence for which ChRMs are commonly reported as 274 /+ 33 (88 Ma).     

X‐ray tomography of tsunami deposits: Towards a new depositional model of tsunami deposits

X‐ray computed microtomography is used to obtain high resolution imagery of a historical tsunami deposit in Andalusia, Spain (1755 Lisbon tsunami). The technique allows characterization of grain‐size distribution, structures, component analysis and sedimentary fabric of fine‐grained unconsolidated tsunami deposits at resolutions down to particle scale. The results are validated by comparing to data obtained using other techniques such as laser diffraction, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and X‐ray microfluorescence on the same deposits. Specific technical details such as sampling, scanning and image processing methods, and further improvements are addressed. The use of X‐ray computed microtomography provides new insights into the stratigraphy of the deposits and gives access to significantly more detailed view of key sedimentary features such as mudlines, rip‐up clasts, crude laminations, convolutions, floating outsized clasts and contacts between successive units. This analysis of the 1755 tsunami deposits using X‐ray computed microtomography allows the proposal of new hypotheses for the sedimentary processes forming tsunami deposits. Deposition by settling is limited and the section analysed here is dominated by a high shear stress leading to the development of traction carpets, with laminated mudlines corresponding to the basal frictional region of these carpets. The onset of the tsunami backwash is marked by a micro‐vortex resembling Kelvin–Helmoltz instabilities.     

湖南沃溪钨-锑-金矿床的矿石组构学特征及其成因意义

通过对湖南沃溪矿床的宏观至微观尺度上的矿石组构学研究，揭示出矿床系同生热水沉积成因。层状矿体、细脉状矿化以及围岩蚀变之间的空间关系，指示了矿石与其所赋存的围岩同时形成。矿床形成后的变质—变形作用，主要使矿物发生重结晶、碎裂、位错以及小范围的再活化等。     

西昆仑康西瓦韧性走滑剪切带的两类剪切指向、形成时限及其构造意义

详细的野外观察和显微构造研究表明，西昆仑南缘康西瓦韧性走滑剪切带主要由宽7km的孔兹岩质糜棱岩组成．具有早期自西向东的右行走滑剪切、后期自东向西的左行走滑剪切的剪切应变特征。韧性剪切带孔兹岩质糜棱岩中典型造岩矿物的晶格优选方位的电子背散射（EBSD）测量结果表明，钠长石具（010）[001]或（100）[001]滑移系，矽线石具{hk0}[001]滑移系，均反映了高温（〉650℃）和中-高温（650-550℃）的应变特征。差应力作用下的变质生长与剪切所致的刚性旋转进一步增加了矽线石的组构强度。然而。石英却具形成于中温→中低温→低温环境（〈550℃）的{10T0}〈a〉→{10il}〈a〉→{0001}〈a〉3组滑移系，均指示自东向西的左行剪切指向，EBSD组构的结果与野外剪切应变的判断一致。Ar／Ar同位素年代学及锆石SHRIMPU-Pb同位素定年结果表明，右行韧性走滑作用形成于加里东期（445～428Ma），继后的左行走滑作用主要经历了3次明显的构造热事件（250Ma、203Ma和101-125Ma）。在白垩纪时期。阿尔金左行走滑断裂和康西瓦左行走滑断裂连接成一条连续的巨型（长度2200km）走滑构造带．同时康西瓦走滑断裂和铁克里克逆冲断裂之间的挤压转换域的形成制约了青藏高原西北缘塔里木南部前陆盆地的发育。     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造特征及其岩石组构的动力学分析

通过研究将辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造要素划分为:变质核、拆离断层、中间过渡层、盖层和医巫闾山背形,并简述了其地质特征.采用X射线衍射法对医巫闾山花岗岩及周围不同时代岩石的不同层次变形构造开展了岩石组构特征研究,确定了韧-脆性构造变形时的力学性质和主应力方位,对变质核杂岩的形成演化进行了运动学和动力学分析.