Calculation of elastic properties in lower part of the Kola borehole from bulk chemical compositions of core samples

In-situ elastic properties in deep boreholes are controlled by several factors, mainly by lithology, petrofabric, fluid-filled cracks and pores. In order to separate the effects of different factors it is useful to extract lithology-controlled part from observedin-situ velocities. For that purpose we calculated mineralogical composition and isotropic crack-free elastic properties in the lower part of the Kola borehole from bulk chemical compositions of core samples. We use a new technique of petrophysical modeling based on thermodynamic approach. The reasonable accuracy of the modeling is confirmed by comparison with the observations of mineralogical composition and laboratory measurements of density and elastic wave velocities in upper crustal crystalline rocks at high confining pressure. Calculations were carried out for 896 core samples from the depth segment of 6840–10535m. Using these results we estimate density and crack-free isotropic elastic properties of 554 lithology-defined layers composing this depth segment. Average synthetic P- wave velocity appears to be 2.7% higher than the velocity from Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), and 5% higher than sonic log velocity. Average synthetic S-wave velocity is 1.4 % higher than that from VSP. These differences can be explained by superposition of effects of fabric-related anisotropy, cracks aligned parallel to the foliation plain, and randomly oriented cracks, with the effect of cracks being the predominant control. Low sonic log velocities are likely caused by drilling-induced cracking (hydrofractures) in the borehole walls. The calculated synthetic density and velocity cross-sections can be used for much more detailed interpretations, for which, however, new, more detailed and reliable seismic data are required.     

小秦岭早元古代变质侵入体的厘定及地质意义

箭峪岭早元古代闪长质杂岩体为小秦岭地区最早的侵入体。岩石类型为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩，不具TTG岩石类型特征，经中元古代中条构造热事件发生区域动力热流变质作用，岩石从块状—弱片麻理—强片麻理均有发育，变质达高绿片岩相。闪长质岩浆演化为双峰式，岩石为钙碱性系列。据侵入关系、同位素年龄分析等，其侵入时代为早元古代。     

布面疵点光学/计算机混合识别法的研究

验布是纺织工业中一道重要工序,但至今未能实观验布自动化,主要原因是布的疵点种类繁多不易识别。本文应用光学变换系统对疵点特征进行变换,用楔/环探测器进行特征提取和信息量压缩,应用计算机模式识别理论进行疵点的分类,经实验证明应用这种方法识别疵点能取得良好效果。     

西藏南部若干变质橄榄岩体橄榄石的组构特征

藏南变质橄榄岩的橄榄石组构可划分为三个主要类型:[100]、[010]和[001]组构。橄榄石[100]组构反映洋壳下部—上地幔上部的高温粘性流变和高温塑性流变,橄榄石[010]和[001]组构基本上是构造侵位阶段陆壳中低温塑性流变结果。变质橄榄岩中橄榄石组构转化具有明显的规律性,在岩体变形过程中,总的显示由高温的[100]组构逐渐转化为低温的[001]、[010]组构。高温塑性流变组构影响和制约低温塑性流变组构的发育,叠加变形有利于橄榄石[100]极密的加强和[100]组构向[010]、[001]组构的转化。     

Magnetic fabric results from DSDP Holes 380A (Black Sea) and 524 (South Atlantic) sediment cores: A case study for the comparison between low and high field torque magnetometer measurements

Magnetic fabric (anisotropy) measurements have been made on samples of Quaternary sediments from DSDP Hole 380A (Black Sea) and Tertiary and Cretaceous nannofossil oozes, marls and volcanoclastic sandstones from the Southeast flank of the Walvis Ridge at Hole 524, recovered during Legs 42B and 73 of the International Program of Ocean Drilling (IPOD). The fabric was determined by means of both a low field and a high field torque magnetometer.The overall results from the low field measurements are similar to those from the high field measurements. The results from both sets of measurements indicate the existence of a NE-SW lineation at Hole 380A and a NW-SE lineation at Hole 524. For Hole 380A some of the individual parameters show slight differences in values for the low field and high field torque measurements while for Hole 524 these individual parameters compare favourably and indicate an approximately one-to-one correspondence. In general the fabric is better defined at Hole 524 than at Hole 380A. Anisotropy measurements sometimes were found to be greatly affected by the shape of the sample. This apparent shape-effect appears to be more prevalent in the high field than in the low field measurements. In addition, for Holes 380A and 524 some samples show deformational-style fabric characteristics on one instrument and depositional-style characteristics on the other. The reasons for these differences and how the effects on the anisotropy data can be removed or minimised are described in this paper.     

A comparative study of the hypoplasticity and the fabric‐dependent dilatant double shearing models for granular materials

In this paper, we consider the mechanical response of granular materials and compare the predictions of a hypoplastic model with that of a recently developed dilatant double shearing model which includes the effects of fabric. We implement the constitutive relations of the dilatant double shearing model and the hypoplastic model in the finite element program ABACUS/Explicit and compare their predictions in the triaxial compression and cyclic shear loading tests. Although the origins and the constitutive relations of the double shearing model and the hypoplastic model are quite different, we find that both models are capable of capturing typical behaviours of granular materials. This is significant because while hypoplasticity is phenomenological in nature, the double shearing model is based on a kinematic hypothesis and microstructural considerations, and can easily be calibrated through standard tests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

祁连山东段半干旱区黄土磁组构及其环境意义

1 IntroductionM agnetic fabric is the basic character and the im portant trait for m agnetic m inerals insedim entary rocks.Ithas been w idely used in geologicaland environm entalinvestigations in thepastdecades (Ress,1965;Rolph,1989;Sagnotti,1998;Raposo,…     

江西相山铀矿田古火山口探讨

江西相山火山盆地发育我国第一大、世界第三大火山岩型铀矿田,盆地盖层主要为早白垩世流纹英安岩和碎斑熔岩,这两套火山岩亦是研究区内主要的赋矿岩石,与铀多金属矿化有关的垂向蚀变幅度达千米。近年来,相山铀矿田地质勘查取得了令人瞩目的进展,然而对于矿床的成因及产状等方面仍存在争论,部分原因在于,对流纹英安岩和碎斑熔岩的火山机构研究不够深入。通过对相山矿田的遥感地质解译、碎斑熔岩流动构造测量、磁化率各向异性(AMS)及大地电磁测量(MT)等研究,获得火山通道位置。相山火山盆地流动构造不发育,根据火山集块岩、熔岩中出露的变质岩捕掳体及其长轴统计,结合AMS数据,指示鹅湖岭期碎斑熔岩主火山口位于相山顶,河元背、严坑、柏昌和如意亭为4个次级火山口,而书塘地区可能是打鼓顶期流纹英安岩的火山通道所在。这些推测的火山口在遥感影像上得到环形、放射状构造的印证。相山火山盆地19条MT剖面显示:盆地基底变质岩系与上覆火山岩盖层之间呈连续的水平低阻异常带,不整合界面清晰;打鼓顶组火山岩呈似层状产出,主要分布于盆地西部,并在河元背-船坑-杏树下一带识别出近东西走向的厚层流纹英安岩凹槽;鹅湖岭组火山岩总体呈蘑菇状,中心位置(相山主峰)发育自下而上贯通式的低阻异常,推测为鹅湖岭组碎斑熔岩喷发的通道相(火山颈相)。综合研究表明,相山地区打鼓顶期主要火山通道位于相山顶或其西侧书塘地区,可能存在河元背次级岩浆通道;鹅湖岭期火山活动主岩浆通道位于相山顶,次岩浆通道位于河元背、阳家山、严坑和柏昌,岩浆通道具有继承性和发展性。     

江西相山西部地区深部多金属矿化矿石组构学、矿物学研究及其地质意义

江西相山铀矿田西部地区实施的铀矿科学深钻3号孔在深部-700 m发现大量铅锌多金属矿化脉,垂向上呈"上铀下多金属"的分布特征。文章对深部多金属矿化进行了详细的矿物学和矿石组构学研究,并对其成因进行了探讨。研究表明,矿石结构主要有中细粒及微粒结构、自形晶粒状结构、他形晶粒状结构、填隙结构、包含结构、镶边结构、固溶体分离结构、碎裂结构、环带结构等;矿石构造主要有脉状构造、细脉状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、致密块状构造、稠密浸染状构造等。矿化类型主要有石英-毒砂-黄铁矿(锡石、黄铜矿)型、黄铁矿型、闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铁矿型、闪锌矿-方铅矿-碳酸盐(菱铁矿-方解石)型,在空间上具有明显的分带性。根据矿物组合和穿插关系,矿化过程经历了成矿前期的碱性流体作用,形成矿前期绿泥石、锡石和金红石。铅锌成矿期经历了石英-毒砂阶段、黄铁矿化阶段、铅锌矿化阶段、铅锌银碳酸盐阶段等多期叠加。成矿后期以形成碳酸盐-石英脉为特征。综合分析认为,相山深部多金属矿化具有浅成、中低温特征,是与次火山岩有关的低硫化型浅成中低温热液多金属矿化。目前已经发现的铅锌多金属矿化很可能是深部矿化的一个端员,深部很有可能存在与成矿有关的次火山岩体,且具有寻找斑岩型多金属矿化的成矿潜力。     

多极化冰雷达所揭示的DOME A区域冰盖内部冰晶组构特征

The ice exceeding one million years old has significant meaning for verifying and interpreting the middle Pleistocene transition （MPT） and the relationship between greenhouse gas and climate change. The region near Dome A in Antarctica satisfies the conditions for obtaining million-years-old ice since it has low temperatures and low accumulation rates. We analyze the corresponding relation between radar wave features and the crystal orientation fabric （COF） types based on the results of multi-polarization plane radio echo sounding （RES）. The results show that, even in the summit of the ice sheet, the COF type is not perfect, but is an elongated single-pole COF. Principal-axis-orientation differences of the COF among the different periods exist and reveal that the ice flow orientations are not constant but deviate clockwise with the increasing depth. This may be related to the adjacent basal valley or both height and position changes of the summit during the glacial-interglacial periods.