两种围栏养殖模式防白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)效果的比较

2003年在乳山养殖场采用两种围栏养殖模式养殖了凡纳滨对虾,并对其防白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)效果进行了比较。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾在养殖过程中WSSV阳性率有下降趋势,浮游动物WSSV阳性率较低,布围隔的防病毒效果好于网围隔。     

Human‐induced hazardous debris flows in Carrara marble basins (Tuscany,Italy)

In Carrara marble basins, the long and intensive quarrying activities (which began in the first century BC ) have produced extensive dump deposits, locally known as ravaneti. Ravaneti are of such large dimensions and diffusion as to make them a widespread landform of the Apuane Alps (Tuscany). In recent years these quarry dump deposits have been affected by frequent debris flows, more than 50 in 1996/97. This phenomenon is the most significant currently active geomorphological process in this landscape. The evolution of quarrying techniques produced a variety of sedimentological compositions of ravaneti. The debris flows analysed involve only the surface layers where debris is mixed with fine material with a lower permeability (active ravaneti) than the coarser underlying debris (older ravaneti). The presence of different permeability layers causes a wetting front to move downwards. Source area observations indicate a soil slip movement in the initial phases of the failure. The transformation of landslides into debris flow occurs by means of both soil contractive failure and an increase of granular temperature. The morphological and sedimentological analyses of depositional lobes resulted in a classification of three types of lobe, based on fabric–morphometry relationships allowing the identification of different flow dynamics: (1) type A lobe (platy form), matrix‐supported and well developed fabric with general tendency of ab clast plane strikes to lie generally parallel to flow direction as a consequence of laminar flow; (2) type B lobe (elongated form), clast‐supported and random fabric as a consequence of both turbulent flow and coarser composition of starting material; (3) type C lobe, intermediate type A–B morphometry, tendency for ab clast plane to lie in a semi‐circle around the main flow direction determined by the presence of secondary flow lines divergent from it in the stopping phase. In Carrara marble basins, the anomalous frequency with which debris flows tend to be triggered by medium‐intensity rainstorms (about 30 mm h⁻¹ rainfall) is due to the recent increases in silt dump produced by modern quarrying techniques. This represents a significant example of debris flows as an environmental problem in major anthromorphized landscapes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

活性炭毡布的研制与开发

采用浸渍工艺 ,利用活性炭、粘合剂、无纺布 3种原料 ,可研制出一种复合高效吸附过滤材料———活性炭毡布。本文介绍了该产品的生产工艺流程 ,并对产品研制过程中影响产品性能的各种因素加以分析讨论。     

穆家庄铜矿床矿物组构及成因浅析

穆家在铜矿床矿体呈层状,似层状沿构造破碎带产出,矿物组物显示了同生沉积和改造特征,流体包裹体为高盐度的热卤水,矿石及围岩氧,碳同位素具同一来源,矿床成因属变质和构造改造的热水喷流沉积类型。     

The magnetic and pore fabrics of extruded and pressed ceramic models

Ceramics were used as a model to investigate the pore fabric originated during ductile deformation. The magnetic anisotropy was used to measure the pore fabric after pore saturation by a ferromagnetic fluid. The ductile deformation of the ceramics was investigated by measuring the magnetic anisotropy of dry specimens. The character and symmetry of the pore fabric are compatible with those of the deformations forming the fabric of the ceramics: in the linearly extruded ceramics, the pore fabric is dominantly prolate, while in the pressed ceramics it is dominantly oblate.     

应用磁组构方法研究构造变形与成矿作用的时序关系

根据磁组构要素受热动力学影响特点,首次运用岩石磁组构结合变形分析确定岩石变形与成矿作用的时序关系。通过含矿与不含矿构造岩的磁组构特征的对比表明,北京崎峰茶蚀变糜棱岩型金矿,其糜棱岩的构造变形相对较早,矿化蚀变较晚。研究认为,湖南枞树板大型脉状铅锌矿的成矿作用是热液蚀变的成果,成矿后构造变形很弱,其铅锌蚀变矿化作用要早于花岗斑岩的侵位,这一结论与由地质,地球化学及同位素年代学资料分析结果相吻合。     

Deposition of rheomorphic ignimbrite D (Mogán Formation), Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain

 Rheomorphic ignimbrite D (13.4 Ma, Upper Mogán Formation on Gran Canaria), a multiple flow–single cooling unit, is divided into four major structural zones that differ in fabric and finite strain of deformed pyroclasts. Their structural characteristics indicate contrasting deformation mechanisms during rheomorphic flow. The zones are: (a) a basal zone (vitrophyre) with pure uniaxial flattening perpendicular to the foliation; (b) an overlying shear zone characterized by asymmetric fabrics and a significantly higher finite strain, with an ellipsoid geometry similar to stretched oblate bodies; (c) a central zone with a finite strain geometry similar to that of the underlying shear zone but without evidence of a rotational strain component; and (d) a slightly deformed to non-deformed top zone where the almost random orientation of subspherical pyroclasts suggests preservation of original, syn-depositional clast shapes. Rheomorphic flow in D is the result of syn- to post-depositional remobilization of a hot pyroclastic flow as shown by kinematic modeling based on: (a) the overall vertical structural zonation suggested by finite strain and fabric analysis; (b) the relation of shear sense to topography; (c) the interrelationship of the calculated vertical cooling progression at the base of the flow (formation of vitrophyre) and the related vertical changes in strain geometry; (d) the complex lithification history; and (e) the consequent mechanisms of deformational flow. Rheomorphic flow was caused by load pressure due to an increase in the vertical accumulation of pyroclastic material on a slope of generally 6–8°. We suggest that every level of newly deposited pyroclastic flow material of D first passed through a welding process that was dominated by compaction (pure flattening) before rheomorphic deformation started. Received: 25 June 1997 / Accepted: 28 October 1998     

K–Ar age–chemistry–fabric relations of phengite from the Sanbagawa high-pressure schists, Japan

The Sanbagawa high-pressure schists from central Shikoku in Southwest Japan have experienced high-strain ductile deformation during exhumation and cooling. This study examines the effects of high-strain ductile deformation on K–Ar ages of phengites on the basis of fabric, chemistry and K–Ar ages of phengites from the pelitic, psammitic and quartzose (or albitic) schists collected from the same outcrop in the albite–biotite zone. Phengites in the pelitic and psammitic schists generally occur forming aggregates consisting of fine-grained phengite crystals and are extremely fine-grained in domains close to relatively rigid garnet and albite porphyroblasts, indicating that deformation-induced grain-size reduction had taken place in phengite during the ductile deformation accompanying the exhumation of host schists. We suggest that the grain-size reduction of phengite is due to strain-induced recrystallization or dynamic recrystallization. The matrix phengites in schists are chemically heterogeneous on the thin-section scale but the phengites from pelitic and psammitic schists from the same outcrop have similar chemical range. Phengite included in garnet has a high Si value and its Na/(Na + K) and Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios are significantly low in comparison with those in matrix. The phengite included in garnet records the chemistry in equilibrium with other major silicate phases during the higher pressure stage of the P–T–t history of the schists. In contrast, the matrix phengites having low Si values are likely to have been formed during retrograde metamorphism in extremely restricted equilibrium domains. The two or three different types of schists from the same outcrop, which have a similar grain size of phengite, have similar K–Ar ages, suggesting that the closure temperature does not depend on chemistry. However, the hematite-rich quartzose schist with strong grain-size reduction of both phengite and quartz has a significantly younger K–Ar phengite age than the pelitic and quartzose schists in the same outcrop that do not show grain-size reduction. We suggest that the exhumation tectonics of the schists, which have experienced strong ductile deformation at temperatures less than ~350°C, played an important role resulting in the observed variation in age.     

尼龙织物作为金的新富集剂的研究和应用

以新的微量金的富集剂－－尼龙（聚己内酰胺主体）织物分离富集金为基础,拟定了原子吸收光度法、金试剂分光光度法测定金,并在多种物料中应用。测定结果与标准值、火试金法、活性炭富集法相符,ＲＳＤ〈４％。尼龙织物吸附金后以金试剂显色制备的色阶,进行目视比色,基分辨可达０．２μｇ。