Reduction of pounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes

Pounding of adjacent superstructure segments in elevated bridges during severe earthquakes can result in significant structural damage. The aim of this paper is to analyse several methods of reduction of the negative effects of collisions induced by the seismic wave propagation effect. The analysis is conducted on a detailed three‐dimensional structural component model of an isolated highway bridge. The results show that the influence of pounding on the structural response is significant in the longitudinal direction of the bridge and significantly depends on the gap size between superstructure segments. The smallest response can be obtained for very small gap sizes and for gap sizes large enough to prevent pounding. Further analysis indicates that the bridge behaviour can be effectively improved by placing hard rubber bumpers between segments and by stiff linking the segments one with another. The experimental results show that, for the practical application of such connectors, shock transmission units can be used. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

设备树在路灯AM/FM/GIS系统中的应用研究

该文提出了AM／FM／GIS中基于“设备树”的设备设施管理模式，运用“设备树”来组织路灯电力网络中的设备设施对象；阐述了如何从设备设施的物理模型抽象出具有树状层次结构的逻辑网络模型，并根据该逻辑模型设计相应的数据结构来构建“设备树”；并介绍了设备树在南京市路灯AM／FM／GIS系统中的设计与实现。     

分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的研发与应用

在钻探施工过程中,由于工程要求,必须对钻孔做孔口压水试验,根据钻孔吸水量、压力数据,检验钻孔的漏失及其他情况。传统孔口压水试验使用的孔口装置,必须把孔内钻具提出孔外,严重地影响工程施工进度。分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的研发,可在不提钻的情况下完成孔口压水试验作业,大幅度缩短施工工期,减轻工人的劳动强度,减少安全事故的发生,对钻探工程施工具有一定的经济价值和现实意义。本文详细介绍了研制的分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的结构、工作原理及使用方法,并与传统孔口压水装置进行了试验对比,验证了分体式不提钻孔口压水试验孔口装置工作的可靠性及优势。     

低周反复荷载作用下复合耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能试验研究

本文介绍了三榀钢支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构（包括两榀复合耗能支撑框架、一榀普通支撑框架）在低周反复荷载作用下的试验结果。对复合耗能支撑框架结构在低周反复荷载作用下的工作性能（包括受力性能、破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性和耗能能力等）进行了探讨,揭示了复合耗能支撑框架结构良好的抗震性能。     

Interpretation of charging on fracture or frictional slip surface of rocks

Fracturing and frictional sliding of quartz and granite under dry condition generates fractoluminescence, charged particle emission and electromagnetic radiation. Various kinds of experiments indicate that surface charge density on fracture or frictional slip surface of quartz and granite is 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² C/m² which is larger than bound charges induced by the disappearance of piezoelectricity due to the release of stress. Hole and electron trapping centers, which is found in semiconductor devices with the Si–SiO₂ system, are causes of surface charging on fracture or frictional slip surface of quartz crystal. The quantity of the surface charge is enough to cause corona discharge that can generate earthquake lights. The mechanism considering the hole and electron trapping centers has a probability to explain why non-piezoelectric minerals or rocks generate electromagnetic phenomena. It can be one of origins of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena (SEP).     

用扭剪试验成果求剪切模量的计算公式

土的剪切模量是土工计算重要参数之一，通常是用弹性模量与们松比间接求得。本文结合扭转翼板仪的工作原理及其边界条件，推出用扭转力矩M和扭转剪切角θ直接求取剪切模量的计算公式。     

利用LA-ICP-MS在16 μm和10 μm激光束斑条件下测定独居石U-Th-Pb年龄

我国锂钾主要矿产资源大多分布在西部偏远地区,其勘查找矿或综合利用迫切需要现场快速分析技术的支持。本文介绍了自行开发的便携式Li-K分析仪的主要性能及其在锂辉石中锂的分析应用。Li-K分析仪是一种基于大气压的液体阴极辉光放电光谱仪,以待测液体为放电阴极,实现样品中Li、K等元素的原子化和激发。该仪器以光纤传导CCD光谱仪作为检测器,其波长范围为345～1015 nm,分辨率3 nm;以Li 670.78 nm和K 769.90 nm分析谱线,在最佳仪器工作条件下测定Li、K的精密度（RSD,n=14）均低于2%,检出限为0.03 μg/mL,检测范围0.1～10 μg/mL。研究表明,不同酸度和酸的类型对谱线强度影响较大,且存在显著的样品基体效应,标准曲线法分析锂辉石中Li的结果偏差高达267%;而标准加入法可克服基体效应的影响,获得与ICP-OES一致性较好的分析结果,为现场开展固体样品中Li的测定奠定了基础。     

季冻土区临水内、外拱护墙结构冻胀特征分析及治理

为厘清季冻土区临水内、外拱护墙结构冻胀平位移冻害机理,测试隔离层防冻害装置的有效性,在20101110-20110531、20131110-20140531、20171110-20180531三个观测年内,以长春某湖泊临水内、外拱护墙结构为研究对象,选择内、外拱护墙结构和设隔离层防冻害装置的试验内拱护墙结构三者相对比,用钢尺量距法观测三者寒期的平位移状态。结果表明：内拱护墙结构出现倾斜、裂缝导致的内向冻胀平位移冻害,其内向平位移曲线随气温均呈"半驼峰型",对应观测年持续降温-持续低温-持续升温-正温时段,内向冻胀平位移呈减小-增大-减小-稳定残余的位移运动,诱因是平冻胀应力的生成-增长-减弱-消失作用;外拱护墙结构出现较小的外向冻胀平位移,外向冻胀平位移曲线均呈"波浪型",无冻害发生,冰凸拱平冻胀应力推动外拱护墙结构压缩冻土凹拱形成外向冻胀平位移,冻土凹拱限制了外向冻胀平位移发展;设隔离层防冻害装置的试验内拱护墙结构未发生平位移冻害,其内向冻胀平位移较自然冻胀的内拱护墙结构减小83.92%,较外拱护墙结构减小51.74%,表明隔离层防冻害装置防治冻胀平位移冻害有效。     

高压水及负压加载状态下三轴应力渗流试验装置的研制

针对目前相关的三轴渗流试验装置缺乏高压水及负压加载功能而不能对高压水及负压加载状态下煤样瓦斯渗流规律进行研究这一问题,研制出了煤样试件出口负压可调并可对其进行高压水加载的新型三轴应力渗流试验装置。该装置主要由三轴应力加载系统、气体渗透系统、水力压裂控制系统、气体流量测试系统、传感与控制系统5部分组成,能够进行高压水及负压载荷下的各种单轴与三轴渗流试验。研究表明,该装置能够模拟抽采钻孔负压状态下煤体内的瓦斯运移规律及考察高压水对煤体的压裂效果,在实验室能完成对煤体试样负压状态下的渗流规律研究以及试件采取水力压裂措施后的增透效果考察。     

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.