超高压变质作用中水的相变增压

据静水压力梯度计算, 榴辉岩形成深度至少要70km, 含柯石英榴辉岩的形成深度至少要12 0km, 而同时含有柯石英和金刚石的榴辉岩形成深度至少要145km, 超高压变质岩要从如此深的部位折返到地表是不可想象的.大量资料表明水参与了超高压变质作用过程.通过矿物的脱水行为、水的相变和地温曲线等研究, 指出由于存在水的相变增压等多种增压因素, 大大提高了超高压变质作用过程中的地压梯度, 据静水压力计算出的超高压变质岩形成深度只是最大深度, 其形成时的实际深度要比该最大深度小得多.      

Prograde amphiboles in hematite-bearing basic and quartz schists in the Sanbagawa belt, central Shikoku: relationship between metamorphic field gradient and P-T paths of individual rocks

The prograde amphibole that coexists with chlorite, epidote, muscovite, albite, quartz and hematite in Sanbagawa schists was examined to investigate the relationship between the prograde P-T paths of individual rocks and the metamorphic field gradient in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku. The amphibole changes from actinolite, through ferri-winchite and crossite, to barroisite and hornblende with increasing grade along the metamorphic field gradient. However, the sequence of prograde amphibole compositions in each sample varies in different mineral zones. The general scheme can be summarized as: magnesioriebeckite-riebeckite crossite in the upper chlorite zone of lower-grade rocks; crossite or glaucophane barroisite in the garnet zone of medium-grade rocks; and actinolite or winchite barroisite hornblende in the albite-biotite zone of higher-grade rocks. Changes of amphibole composition indicate that the prograde P-T path recorded in the higher-grade rocks was situated on the higher-temperature side of that of the lower-grade rocks and on the lower-pressure side of the metamorphic field gradient. The systematic change of P-T paths implies an increasing d P /d T during continuous subduction. These features can be interpreted as documenting prograde metamorphism within a young subduction zone that has a non-steady-state geotherm.     

内蒙古锡林浩特东部地区早白垩世花岗岩地球化学、锆石U Pb年龄及地质意义

通过对锡林浩特东部地区早白垩世花岗岩体进行SHRIMP锆石U Pb测年、地球化学测试,讨论其形成构造环境。花岗岩测年结果为：正长花岗岩(DS214)(1391±17) Ma,花岗岩(DS220)(1347±17) Ma,表明研究区花岗岩形成于早白垩世早期。花岗岩地球化学具有高硅、富碱、相对低铝的特征,A/CNK平均值106,为弱过铝质花岗岩。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(Th、U、K),明显亏损Nb、Ba、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素;稀土总量高,为12290×10-6～36877×10-6,LREE/HREE值为571～1436,呈右倾模式,负Eu异常显著(010～050),表现为A型花岗岩特征。K2O-Na2O构造环境判别图表明样品为A型花岗岩,Y/Nb Ce/Nb图解显示花岗岩为A2型。主量元素、微量元素特征指示花岗岩形成于造山后岩石圈伸展作用阶段,在壳源岩浆演化过程中存在幔源物质混染作用。花岗岩成因可能是晚古生代末—中生代初期间古亚洲洋闭合引起的一系列板块碰撞作用(包括蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合),使造山后期地壳逐渐增厚并发生重力垮塌,导致构造环境由挤压转变为伸展,同时受古太平洋板块西向俯冲的影响。     

相山铀矿田变质基底的变质作用期次

相山铀矿田的变质基底,自晋宁期以来经历了长期而复杂的变质变形演化历史,至中生代为止,共经历了4个期次变质作用的叠加改造:中元古代区域热动力变质作用,中元古代后的热接触变质作用,中生代动力变质作用,中生代晚期的热接触变质作用.多期次变质作用的叠加改造,反映了本区自元古宙以来一直是一处地热异常区.相山地区铀成矿期的成矿作用,是一系列构造-岩浆-变质作用叠加的结果.     

西藏东部南迦巴瓦地区变质作用特征

西藏东部的南迦巴瓦地区包括喜马拉雅地体、中缅地块和印度河－雅鲁藏布江缝合带的一部分。根据区内构造特点、变质岩共生组合、时空分布、矿物共生组合及其反应关系的研究，揭示了本区变质作用特征。南迦巴瓦群发育了一套较完整的递增变质带，经历了先升压后升温的演化过程；雅鲁藏布江变质岩带经历了一次高压低温变质作用；帕隆群变质作用为一个先升温后升压，温压同时达到高峰的演化过程。     

The Physico-Chemical Properties of a Subducted Slab from Garnet Zonation Patterns (Sesia Zone, Western Alps)

Garnets in continentally derived high-pressure (HP) rocks ofthe Sesia Zone (Western Alps) exhibit three different chemicalzonation patterns, depending on sample locality. Comparisonof observed garnet zonation patterns with thermodynamicallymodelled patterns shows that the different patterns are causedby differences in the water content of the subducted protolithsduring prograde metamorphism. Zonation patterns of garnets inwater-saturated host rocks show typical prograde chemical zonationswith steadily increasing pyrope content and increasing XMg,together with bell-shaped spessartine patterns. In contrast,garnets in water-undersaturated rocks have more complex zonationpatterns with a characteristic decrease in pyrope and XMg betweencore and inner rim. In some cases, garnets show an abrupt compositionalchange in core-to-rim profiles, possibly due to water-undersaturationprior to HP metamorphism. Garnets from both water-saturatedand water-undersaturated rocks show signs of intervening growthinterruptions and core resorption. This growth interruptionresults from bulk-rock depletion caused by fractional garnetcrystallization. The water content during burial influences significantly thephysical properties of the subducted rocks. Due to enhancedgarnet crystallization, water-undersaturated rocks, i.e. thoselacking a free fluid phase, become denser than their water-saturatedequivalents, facilitating the subduction of continental material.Although water-bearing phases such as phengite and epidote arestable up to eclogite-facies conditions in these rocks, dehydrationreactions during subduction are lacking in water-undersaturatedrocks up to the transition to the eclogite facies, due to thethermodynamic stability of such hydrous phases at high P–Tconditions. Our calculations show that garnet zonation patternsstrongly depend on the mineral parageneses stable during garnetgrowth and that certain co-genetic mineral assemblages causedistinct garnet zonation patterns. This observation enablesinterpretation of complex garnet growth zonation patterns interms of garnet-forming reactions and water content during HPmetamorphism, as well determination of detailed P–T paths. KEY WORDS: dehydration; high-pressure metamorphism; Sesia Zone; subduction; thermodynamic modelling     

青海东昆仑东段金矿区地层含矿性分析

近年来勘查成果表明,青海东昆仑东段是一个以金为主的成矿聚集区,各矿区含矿层位不尽相同。通过对不同的含矿地层和岩体地球化学微量元素分析,认为地层并不能提供金矿成矿物质的来源。区域变质作用造成了金的活化迁移,后期的岩浆热液作用对金的富集具有重要的作用。     

Magnetic susceptibility of ultrahigh pressure eclogite: The role of retrogression

Retrograde metamorphism played the dominant role in changing the low-field rock magnetic properties and density of 198 specimens of variably retrograded eclogites from the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) and from surface outcrops in the Donghai area in the southern part of the Sulu UHP belt, China. Bulk magnetic susceptibility (κ) of unretrogressed UHP eclogite is controlled by whole-rock chemical composition and ranges from 397 to 2312 μSI with principal magnetic susceptibility carrying minerals paramagnetic garnet, omphacite, rutile and phengite. Partially retrograded eclogites show large variations in magnetic susceptibility between 804 and 24,277 μSI, with high mean magnetic susceptibility values of 4372 ± 4149 μSI caused by appreciable amounts of Fe-Ti oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite and/or titanohematite produced by retrograde metamorphic reactions. Completely retrograded eclogites have lower susceptibilities of 1094 ± 600 μSI and amphibolite facies mineral assemblages lacking high magnetic susceptibility minerals. Jelínek's corrected anisotropy (P_j) of eclogites ranges from 1.001 to 1.540, and shows a positive correlation with low-field magnetic susceptibility (κ). Arithmetic mean bulk density (ρ) shows a steady decrease from 3.54 ± 0.11 g/cm³ (fresh eclogite) to 2.98 ± 0.06 g/cm³ (completely retrograded eclogite). Retrograde metamorphic changes in mineral composition during exhumation appear to be the major factor causing variations in low field magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy. Retrograde processes must be taken into account when interpreting magnetic surveys and geophysical well logs in UHP metamorphic terranes, and petrophysical properties such as density and low-field magnetic susceptibility could provide a means for semi-quantifying the degree of retrogression of eclogite during exhumation.     

Mineral and fluid inclusions in zircon of UHP metamorphic rocks from the CCSD-main drill hole: A record of metamorphism and fluid activity

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main drill hole (0–3000 m) in Donghai, southern Sulu orogen, consists of eclogite, paragneiss, orthogneiss, schist and garnet peridotite. Detailed investigations of Raman, cathodoluminescence, and microprobe analyses show that zircons from most eclogites, gneisses and schists have oscillatory zoned magmatic cores with low-pressure mineral inclusions of Qtz, Pl, Kf and Ap, and a metamorphic rim with relatively uniform luminescence and eclogite-facies mineral inclusions of Grt, Omp, Phn, Coe and Rt. The chemical compositions of the UHP metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon are similar to those from the matrix of the host rocks. Similar UHP metamorphic P–T conditions of about 770 °C and 32 kbar were estimated from coexisting minerals in zircon and in the matrix. These observations suggest that all investigated lithologies experienced a joint in situ UHP metamorphism during continental deep subduction. In rare cases, magmatic cores of zircon contain coesite and omphacite inclusions and show patchy and irregular luminescence, implying that the cores have been largely altered possibly by fluid–mineral interaction during UHP metamorphism.

Abundant H₂O–CO₂, H₂O- or CO₂-dominated fluid inclusions with low to medium salinities occur isolated or clustered in the magmatic cores of some zircons, coexisting with low-P mineral inclusions. These fluid inclusions should have been trapped during magmatic crystallization and thus as primary. Only few H₂O- and/or CO₂-dominated fluid inclusions were found to occur together with UHP mineral inclusions in zircons of metamorphic origin, indicating that UHP metamorphism occurred under relatively dry conditions. The diversity in fluid inclusion populations in UHP rocks from different depths suggests a closed fluid system, without large-scale fluid migration during subduction and exhumation.     

辽宁砖庙矿区硼矿床硬石膏的发现及成因讨论

在对辽宁砖庙矿区硼矿床的矿物学研究中发现了硬石膏。该矿物产于硼矿体中，与遂安石、菱镁矿、镁橄榄石、袁复礼石、硼铝镁石等共生。通过矿物学研究和稀土元素、硫同位素的分析表明，由于硬石膏是蒸发沉积变质成因的，所以硼矿床也应是蒸发沉积变质成因的