南阿尔金泥盆纪中基性杂岩体的成因及其地质意义研究

出露于南阿尔金西段的塔什萨依辉长岩和闪长岩及其内花岗质细脉是古生代多期岩浆活动的产物,它们构成了南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的一部分,是深入探讨该地区构造演化过程的良好材料。本文通过对这些地质体野外地质特征、岩石学、地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Hf同位素特征的系统研究,以期确定其形成时代、源区性质和岩石成因,为深入探讨南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的演化过程提供进一步约束。本文研究表明:辉长岩和闪长岩具相对较高的SiO_2含量(50.4%~53.5%)和Mg#(57~80),低的K_2O/Na_2O比值(0.17~0.67),为钙碱性系列岩石;辉长岩的∑REE偏低(36.9×10~(-6)~83.1×10~(-6)),Eu正异常(δEu=1.17~1.85);闪长岩∑REE稍高(182×10~(-6)~190×10~(-6)),Eu负异常(δEu=0.85~0.86);二者相对富集LREE和LILE,亏损HFSE。其主量元素特征、微量元素(高Nb、Zr含量,低Zr/Y比值)、锆石Hf同位素和Sr-Nd同位素组成表明二者应为大陆板内伸展背景下软流圈交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,并在其岩浆演化过程中经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用。花岗质细脉具高的Si O2含量(72.4%～75.5%)和K_2O/Na_2O比值(2.33～2.56),属于钾玄岩系列岩石;与闪长岩相比,两者微量元素蛛网图相似,但花岗质细脉轻重稀土分馏程度较大,Eu负异常(δEu=0.55～0.61)和P、Ti的亏损更加显著。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,辉长岩形成时代约为400～420Ma;闪长岩和其内花岗质细脉的形成时代基本一致,约为400Ma,并具有相似的锆石Hf同位素组成和Sr-Nd同位素组成,结合地球化学特征及野外产状,推测花岗质细脉为闪长岩分异的产物。结合南阿尔金区域地质背景综合分析,塔什萨依辉长岩和闪长岩起源于造山后伸展背景下软流圈交代的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用;而闪长岩进一步分异形成花岗质细脉,并在其形成过程中可能伴随少量壳源熔融物质的加入。     

伊宁地块早石炭世球泡流纹岩的发现及地球化学特征

伊宁地块西段中部阿腾套山一带发现的球泡流纹岩,多数产于早石炭世海相无球泡流纹岩夹层中,整体呈层状、互层状,球泡通气孔顺层平行于流纹构造定向分布,推断是海相极浅水环境下的产物,因而具有精细指相意义。该球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类共生,属碱性岩类,SiO_2含量为69.18%~77.69%,K_2O大于4%,Al_2O_3为11.32%~16.24%,Ga/Al×10~4=2.1~7.8,∑REE=85.22×10~(-6)~348.8×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N=6.7~14.8,相对富集轻稀土,δEu具明显负异常,稀土配分及大离子元素蛛网图均与A型花岗岩类地球化学特征总体相同。ε_(Hf)(t)均大于0(+12.5~+15.5),两阶段锆石Hf模式年龄大于锆石U-Pb年龄,表明源区可能为早古生代新生地壳物质部分熔融演化而来。A型球泡流纹岩与同期A型花岗岩类均形成于拉张构造环境,是区内早石炭世大哈拉军山组中迄今唯一发现的显示拉张构造环境的珍贵实例。为揭示和探讨伊宁地块总体处于汇聚大背景下的局部拉张环境,以及东窄西宽之楔形构造形态提供了可能。     

西藏南羌塘增生杂岩中俯冲反向驱动高压变质岩折返:来自猫耳山大型拆离断层的启示

大洋岩石圈俯冲增生过程中可能伴随着复杂的深部板片运动过程。高压变质岩无疑是记录这些深部过程的良好载体。最近的研究提出,在特定情况下,双向俯冲中占主导的俯冲板块拖曳另一侧板块发生反向运动,从而短板片可能被另一侧长板片拖出。该研究提示我们关注俯冲增生过程中这种可能的“不正常”的板片运动方式,从而客观而全面地剖析碰撞造山带。现有高压变质岩折返模式中,除了俯冲隧道流模式,其余模式均强调单次快速折返。然而,俯冲反向运动导致的折返过程有所不同:对单个高压变质岩来说仍是快速折返,但是对整体高压变质岩带来说,整个俯冲反向期间必然都存在高压变质岩折返,从而形成较长的折返过程持续时间。对上地壳层次的折返相关构造变形的研究有助于揭示上述过程。     

Discovery and significance of Lizifang metamorphic core complex in Zhuanghe area of southern Liaoning

On the basis of the previous regional geological survey, based on the macroscopic and microscopic structural survey, combined with the comprehensive analysis of the regional magmatic activity and dating data, the authors in this paper revealed that there is another metamorphic core complex structure in Lizifang area of Southern Liaoning, namely Lizifang metamorphic core complex. A typical three-layer structure and five parts exist in the core complex, which are the footwall composed of Neo-archean metamorphic plutonic rocks and mesozoic granite intrusive rocks, the detachment fault zone composed of different levels of tectonic rocks, and the upper plate composed of Precambrian sedimentary cap and Cretaceous extensional basin. Lizifang metamorphic core complex formed in the Early Cretaceous Epoch, and the upper plate moved from NWW to SEE relaive to the footwall, which was similar with Jinzhou metamorphic core complex and Wanfu metamorphic core complex in geometry, kinematics polarity and formation time, indicating the same dynamic background. The determination of the metamorphic core complex may provide a basis for the late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning process and the mechanical and rheological properties of the lithosphere in the east of North China Craton. At the same time, the metamorphic core complex is closely related to the mineralization of gold deposits. So the detachment fault zone of Lizifang metamorphic core complex can serve as the key work area for further gold exploration, which may possess large mineralization potential.     

胶东半岛牟平-即墨断裂带晚中生代运动学转换历史

牟平-即墨断裂带不仅构成了苏鲁造山带与胶北地块（华北地块）的边界,也是中国东部巨型郯庐走滑断裂系（即郯城-庐江走滑断裂系）的主要组成部分。基于野外断层滑动矢量分析和古构造应力场反演、侵入岩和火山岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测年分析,结合海域地球物理资料解释成果,研究了该断裂带平面展布形态和晚中生代构造演化历史。结果表明,牟平-即墨断裂带在晚侏罗世-白垩纪时期经历了挤压左旋平移引张伸展右旋走滑拉分等3个显著不同的运动学转变历史。晚侏罗世是重要的挤压作用时期,沿断裂带发生显著的左旋走滑活动,牟平-即墨断裂带东支桃村-东陡山断裂记录了约30km的左旋错移量。早白垩世时期,构造体制以引张伸展活动为主,引张应力方向为NW-SE至近W-E向,沿断裂带形成一系列深而狭长的断陷盆地;盆地中侵入岩和火山喷发岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测试,获得了一致的年龄在106～123Ma。晚白垩世古新世时期,断裂带以右旋走滑活动为主,右旋剪切拉分作用控制了胶县-莱阳伸展断陷盆地的发育,沿断裂带局部凹陷区控制了晚白垩世王氏群沉积。早、晚白垩世之间发生一期构造挤压事件,挤压方向NW-SE,导致断陷盆地构造反转和断裂带左旋走滑活动,但这期走滑位移量不大。牟平即墨断裂带运动学历史和构造应力场演化较完整地记录了中国东部晚中生代构造体制转换过程,并对构造体制转换过程的动力学背景提供了重要的构造地质学制约。     

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Extensional faults and folds exert a fundamental control on the location, thickness and partitioning of sedimentary deposits on rift basins. The connection between the mode of extensional fault reactivation, resulting fault shape and extensional fold growth is well‐established. The impact of folding on accommodation evolution and growth package architecture, however, has received little attention; particularly the role‐played by fault‐perpendicular (transverse) folding. We study a multiphase rift basin with km‐scale fault displacements using a large high‐quality 3D seismic data set from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea. We link growth package architecture to timing and mode of fault reactivation. Dip linkage of deep and shallow fault segments resulted in ramp‐flat‐ramp fault geometry, above which fault‐parallel fault‐bend folds developed. The folds limited the accommodation near their causal faults, leading to deposition within a fault‐bend synclinal growth basin further into the hangingwall. Continued fold growth led to truncation of strata near the crest of the fault‐bend anticline before shortcut faulting bypassed the ramp‐flat‐ramp structure and ended folding. Accommodation along the fault‐parallel axis is controlled by the transverse folds, the location and size of which depends on the degree of linkage in the fault network and the accumulated displacement on causal faults. We construct transverse fold trajectories by tracing transverse fold hinges through space and time to highlight the positions of maximum and minimum accommodation and potential sediment entry points to hangingwall growth basins. The length and shape of the constructed trajectories relate to the displacement on their parent faults, duration of fault activity, timing of transverse basin infill, fault linkage and strain localization. We emphasize that the considerable wavelength, amplitudes and potential periclinal geometry of extensional folds make them viable targets for CO₂ storage or hydrocarbon exploration in rift basins.     

三门峡断陷盆地及邻区深部结构及成因——来自深地震反射与大地电磁测深的证据

近年来,围绕三门峡断陷盆地中的油气、地热资源做了大量的工作,成因机制研究较少,严重制约了矿产资源的勘探开发。本文在前人研究工作基础上,结合野外地质调查并利用高精度深反射地震剖面、大地电磁（MT）、重磁等地球物理探测技术,对三门峡盆地进行综合研究。发现三门峡盆地主要由东、西2个负花状构造构成,西花状构造体大于东花状构造体;盆地东部边缘以观音堂隆起与洛阳凹陷相邻,观音堂隆起发育有壳内透镜状低速体,其东、西两侧均发育有规模较大的隐伏逆断层。研究区内莫霍面为大约5 km厚度滑脱层,在深反射地震剖面上表现为蚯蚓状反射特征,指示滑脱层为西向运动。莫霍面滑脱层上部与下部新发现多条弧形断层。地质与地球物理资料综合研究表明,莫霍面滑脱层的解耦作用是三门峡断陷盆地花状构造形成的主因;在不同时空构造力系作用下,形成研究区新生代全地壳旋转花状构造盆地。     

中国沿海赤潮灾害时间序列特征的模拟与预测

对赤潮灾害时间序列的特征分析是进行赤潮灾害防灾减灾工作的基础,对未来赤潮灾害的预测具有重要意义.通过观察发现中国沿海赤潮灾害年发生频次和分布面积的时间序列(2004-2019年)均呈现出趋势项和周期项并存的特征,因此利用灰色-周期外延组合预测模型对两个序列中的趋势项和周期项进行提取,模型的拟合度分别达到95.20％和9...     

南海中建南盆地构造样式分析

中建南盆地是发育于南海西部陆缘我国传统疆界线附近的新生代沉积盆地,大部分区域位于我国传统疆界线内。在对盆地近万千米多道地震资料综合分析解释的基础上,对盆地的主要构造样式以及它们与油气的关系进行了分析,结果表明,盆地分布面积广,沉积厚度大,油气前景良好。盆地是属于早期断陷、后期经走滑改造而成的复合型盆地,其构造演化经历了3个阶段,不同的阶段发育不同的构造样式:早期为断陷阶段,伸展型构造样式发育;中期为断坳—压扭或走滑反转阶段,产生走滑或压扭性构造样式;晚期为区域沉降阶段,以垂向沉积为主,无明显的构造样式发育。     

聂拉木地区高喜马拉雅岩石磁组构及其构造含义

利用岩石磁化率量值椭球体与岩石构造应变椭球体的共轴性,在缺乏岩性标志层的高喜马拉雅结晶基底（聂拉木地区）进行岩石磁组构研究,进而研究喜马拉雅造山带的变形期次和过程.磁组构特征表明：磁化率各向异性度P在樟木镇北1km处的片岩最高为172,在康山桥南1km处最低,为113;百分率各向异性度H在1182%～4507%之间;磁性线理L在102～109之间,磁性面理F在106～160之间,磁性面理F比磁性线理L发育;磁化率椭球体的形状因子T在019～076之间,磁化率椭球的扁率E在104～149之间,磁化率椭球体的形状为一压扁椭球;樟木镇北1km到肉切村,平均最小磁化率主轴方向D3为S－N（除聂拉木北1km的MA9外）,大多数样品最小磁化率主轴方向倾角I3＞51°,最高达726°,局部发育有拉长形磁化率量值椭球体.本文研究结果表明,聂拉木地区早期经历强烈的韧性变形,推测可能是一条巨大的右旋逆冲韧性变形带,晚期构造掀斜.